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Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , 2019. @article{OLADIPUPO2019, title = { INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA}, author = {Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Adesina-Olugoke-OLADIPUPO-Peter-Okeguale-IBADIN-INDIRECT-TAXES-AND-INFRASTRUCTURAL-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. |
AKHOR Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO Olugbenga Uke THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 87, 2019. @article{AKHOR2019, title = { THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE}, author = {AKHOR, Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO, Olugbenga Uke}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AKHOR-Sadiq-Oshoke-EKUNDAYO-Olugbenga-Uke-THE-IMPACT-OF-INDIRECT-TAX-REVENUE-ON-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-THE-NIGERIA-EXPERIENCE.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {87}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth. |
AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , pp. 173, 2019. @article{Claire2019, title = { FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR}, author = {AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AMAKE-Chinwe-Claire-IKHATUA-Ohiorenuan-Jude-FORENSIC-ACCOUNTING-AND-FRAUD-DETECTION-IN-NIGERIAN-PUBLIC-SECTOR.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, pages = {173}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud. |
Bardi, Augustine Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture Journal Article Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada, 2 , pp. 168, 2019. @article{Bardi2019, title = {Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture}, author = {Augustine Bardi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Augustine-BardiLetters-as-Symbolic-Forms-for-Façade-and-interior-Decoration-in-Corporate-and-Domestic-Architecture.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada}, volume = {2}, pages = {168}, abstract = {Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished. |
P.O. Ebunilo E.K. Orhorhoro, M.Chukwudi C; Essienubong, I A Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS, 1 (1), pp. 17, 2019. @article{Ebunilo2019, title = {Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {P.O. Ebunilo, E.K. Orhorhoro, C. M.Chukwudi and I.A Essienubong}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-Ebunilo-E.K.-Orhorhoro-C.-M.Chukwudi-and-I.A-Essienubong-Performance-Evaluation-of-Biomass-Briquette-from-Elephant-and-Spear-grass-in-Benin-City-Edo-State.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales. |
Ighodaro Igbe Gerald Ikechi Eze, ; Ojameruaye, Oghenekevwe Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae) Journal Article pp. 82, 2019. @article{Igbe2019, title = {Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae)}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe , Gerald Ikechi Eze, and Oghenekevwe Ojameruaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ighodaro-Igbe-Anti-inflammatory-and-Analgesic-Effects-of-the-Methanol-Stem-Bark-Extract-of-Brachystegia-eurycoma-Harms-Fabaceae.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/EJMP/2012/1599}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use. |
Ikpe Aniekan E Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software Journal Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET, 3 (2), pp. 60, 2019. @article{E2019, title = {Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software}, author = {Ikpe Aniekan E, Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ikpe-Aniekan-EOrhorhoro-Ejiroghene-Kelly-Gobir-Abdulsamad-Engineering-Material-Selection-for-Automotive-Exhaust-Systems-Using-CES-Software.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-05}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal |
Akinpelu Lateef Abiola Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article pp. 9, 2019. @article{Abiola2019, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Akinpelu Lateef Abiola,Adebayo Muritala Ayofe,Adesola Adedoyin}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Documents/New%20doc/Akinpelu%20Lateef%20Abiola,Adebayo%20Muritala%20Ayofe,Adesola%20Adedoyin%20%20%20%20Neurobehaviuor%20mechanism%20of%20antidepressant%20effect%20of%20methanol%20stem%20bark%20extract%20of%20adansonia%20%20digitata%7Blinn%7D%20in%20tail%20suspension%20test%20in%20mice.pdf}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.0701 02}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-13}, pages = {9}, abstract = {An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. |
OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK & GUIAWA MATHURIN I MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS Journal Article International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology, 2 , pp. 197, 2019, ISSN: 2321-8843. @article{J2019, title = {MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS}, author = {OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J, UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK I & GUIAWA MATHURIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OFUSORI-TEMIDAYO-J-UKAGU-STEPHEN-N-EZOMO-PATRICK-I-GUIAWA-MATHURINE-MOBILE-BROADBAND-SPEED-AND-DATA-VOLUME-ANALYSIS-Engr-Ofusori-Temidayo.pdf}, issn = {2321-8843}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-05}, journal = {International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology}, volume = {2}, pages = {197}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. |
Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N A; Adingwupu, ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC Journal Article Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences , pp. 358, 2019, ISBN: 345-358. @article{Itabor2019, title = {ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC}, author = {Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N.A and Adingwupu,}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Aliu-S.A-Onochie-U.P-Itabor-N.A-and-Adingwupu-A.C-ENERGY-AUDIT-OF-A-FLOUR-MILL-PLANT-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-CROWN-FLOUR-1.pdf}, isbn = {345-358}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-26}, journal = {Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences }, pages = {358}, abstract = {In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants. |
ODEJIMI, Deborah Omotsefe; OZOR, Patience Lilian Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? Journal Article European Journal of Business and Management , 11 (6), pp. 67, 2019, ISSN: 2222-2839. @article{ODEJIMI2019b, title = {Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? }, author = {Deborah Omotsefe ODEJIMI and Patience Lilian OZOR }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Deborah-Omotsefe-ODEJIMI-and-Patience-Lilian-OZOR-Can-Climate-Change-Affect-Agricultural-Output-in-Nigeria.pdf}, doi = {10.7176/EJBM }, issn = { 2222-2839}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-20}, journal = {European Journal of Business and Management }, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {67}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops |
Odejimi, Deborah Omotsefe GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 7 , pp. 691, 2019, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Odejimi2019, title = { GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Deborah Omotsefe Odejimi }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Odejimi-Deborah-Omotsefe-GENDER-BUDGETING-A-PANACEA-FOR-SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-IN-EDO-STATE-NIGERIA.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, volume = {7}, pages = {691}, abstract = {Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female. |
2018 |
Erameh A.A., Orhorhoro E K Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), pp. 87, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{Erameh2018, title = {Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower }, author = {Erameh, A.A., Orhorhoro, E.K}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Erameh-A.A-Orhorhoro-E.K-Modal-Analysis-of-a-Wind-Turbine-Tower-A-Case-Study-of-University-of-Benin-Energy-Research-Centre-wind-Turbine.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-12}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR)}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. |
Lawrence I Ezemonye AlexA Enuneku, ; Ajieh, Mike Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa Journal Article 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018b, title = {Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa}, author = {Lawrence I Ezemonye, AlexA Enuneku, and Mike Ajieh}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2014_1_1_5.Drillingmud.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-11}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid |
*Orhorhoro E.K Odinikuku, Salisu E W S Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). , pp. 39, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{E.K2018, title = {Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine}, author = {*Orhorhoro E.K, Odinikuku, E.W, Salisu, S }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Orhorhoro-E.K-OdinikukuE.WSalisu-S.-Performance-Evaluation-of-an-Improved-Roasted-Groundnut-Seeds.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). }, pages = {39}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries |
Alex Enuneku Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo Emmanuel Ogbomida Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Lawrence Ezemonye T Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article pp. 13, 2018. @article{Enuneku2018, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo, Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Lawrence Ezemonye, }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-15}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
tongo Lawrence Ezemonye Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi Ozekeke Ogbeide Isioma Emmanuel Ogbomida Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria . Journal Article pp. 224, 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018d, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria .}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Ozekeke Ogbeide, Isioma tongo, Emmanuel Ogbomida}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, doi = {10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-07}, pages = {224}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
b c E.K. Orhorhoro a *, Orhorhoro Ikpe O W A E A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria Journal Article Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering, 13 (2), pp. 133, 2018, ISBN: 129-133. @article{aa2018, title = {A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria}, author = {E.K. Orhorhoro a,*, O.W. Orhorhoro b, A.E. Ikpe c}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/E.K.-Orhorhoro-O.W.-OrhorhoroA.E.-Ikpe-A-Study-of-Solar-Energy-Potential-in-Sapele-Nigeria-1.pdf}, isbn = { 129-133}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-13}, journal = {Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {133}, abstract = {In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis. |
ORHORHORO EK IKPE AE, UKWABA SI J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , pp. 1743, 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{EK2018, title = {Effects of Landfill Gas Flow Trajectories at Three Distinct Temperature Phases on the Stress-Strain-Displacement Properties of a Gas Extraction Pipe }, author = {ORHORHORO EK, IKPE AE, UKWABA, SI}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORHORHORO-EKIKPE-AEUKWABA-SI-Effects-of-Landfill-Gas-Flow-Trajectories-at-Three-Distinct-Temperature-Phases-on-the-Stress-Strain-Displacement-Properties-of-a-Gas-Extraction-Pipe-Copy.pdf}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i11.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-07}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, pages = {1743}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. |
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo Ighodaro Igbe, Abdulmajid Yahaya Zakariya Sule Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents Journal Article pp. 10, 2018. @article{Okhuarobo2018, title = {Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents}, author = {Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, Ighodaro Igbe,Abdulmajid, Yahaya,Zakariya Sule }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Agbonlahor-Okhuarobo-Ighodaro-Igbe-Abdulmajid-Yahaya-and-Zakariya-Sule-Effect-of-caffeine-on-alcohol-consumption-and-alcohol-induced-conditioned-place-preference-in-rodents.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-13}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation. |
rd Lawrence ezemonye, Richa Olaniyan A; himika Ifidon, E A Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance? Journal Article 2018, ISBN: (13): 978-1-5275-0363-2. @article{ezemonyeezemonye2018, title = {Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance?}, author = {Lawrence ezemonye, Richa rd A. Olaniyan and E himika A. Ifidon}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/E.A.IfidonTheOAUAUandtheResponsetoConflict-De-LinkingDomesticJurisdictionandtheCapacitytoIntervene.pdf}, isbn = {(13): 978-1-5275-0363-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-16}, abstract = {Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations. |
J. O. Oyejide1 K. E. Orhorhoro2, Afoegba S C; Olaye, M DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 37 (3), pp. 662, 2018, ISSN: 0331-8443. @article{Oyejide12018, title = {DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE}, author = {J. O. Oyejide1, K. E. Orhorhoro2,, S. C. Afoegba and M. Olaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/J.-O.-Oyejide-K.-E.-Orhorhoro-S.-C.-Afoegba-and-M.-Olaye-DESIGN-AND-FABRICATION-OF-AN-IMPROVED-PLANTAIN-PROCESSING-MACHINE.pdf}, issn = {0331-8443}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH)}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {662}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article pp. 10, 2018, ISSN: 2456-9119. @article{Akinpelu2018, title = {Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Lateef-Abiola-AkinpeluMoses-Atanda-AkanmuEfere-Martins-Obuotor-Antipsychotic-effects-of-ethanol-leaf-extract-and-fractions-of-miliciamoraceae-in-mice.pdf}, issn = {2456-9119}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-29}, pages = {10}, abstract = {This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. |
Odoemelam, Chinedu C PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA Journal Article The Nigerian Journal of Communication, 15 (1), 2018. @article{Chris2018, title = {PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Predictors-of-Communicating-Research-Findings-among-Mass-Communication-Lecturers-in-Select-Universities-in-Nigeria.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {The Nigerian Journal of Communication}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, abstract = {In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars |
OYEJIDE JO ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation Journal Article J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{JO2019, title = {Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation}, author = {OYEJIDE JO, ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OYEJIDE-JOORHORHORO-EK-SALISU-S.-Analysis-and-Performance-Evaluation-of-Microbial-Fuel-Cells-for-Electricity-Generation.pdf}, doi = { https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i7.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-29}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. |
Emmanuel T Ogbomida Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam Balazs Oroszlany Isioma Tongo Alex Enuneku Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Martins Ainerua Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye Hazuki Mizukawa Yoshinori Ikenaka Mayumi Ishizuka Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City Journal Article 2018. @article{Ogbomida2018, title = {Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City}, author = {Emmanuel T Ogbomida ,Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Balazs Oroszlany, Isioma Tongo, Alex Enuneku, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Martins Ainerua, Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie, Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye, Hazuki Mizukawa, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Mayumi Ishizuka }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323143528_Accumulation_patterns_and_risk_assessment_of_metals_and_metalloid_in_muscle_and_offal_of_free-range_chickens_cattle_and_goat_in_Benin_City}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-08}, abstract = {The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items. |
Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Isioma Tongo Azubuike Victor Chukwuka Lawrence Ezemonye 2018. @article{Ogbeide2018, title = {Relationship between geosorbent properties and field-based partition coefficients for pesticides in surface water and sediments of selected agrarian catchments: Implications for risk assessment}, author = {Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Isioma Tongo, Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324030473_Relationship_between_geosorbent_properties_and_field-based_partition_coefficients_for_pesticides_in_surface_water_and_sediments_of_selected_agrarian_catchments_Implications_for_risk_assessment}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-12}, abstract = {Studies on pesticide behavior, adsorption-likelihood, and bioavailability vis-a-vis geosorbent properties and seasons, are critical for understanding pesticide-fate and risks in pesticide-prone environments. We examined the relationship between geosorbent profiles of sediments (percentage sand, silt, clay, organic carbon content) across seasons and occurrence of pesticide residues in surface water and sediment of agricultural catchments at Owan, Ogbesse and Illushi communities of Edo State, Nigeria. Pesticide concentrations were measured monthly in samples of surface water and sediments across the selected sites for 18-months. Pesticide behavior and sorption-likelihoods were examined using partition coefficients Kd (sediment-water coefficient), Koc (sediment-water coefficient normalized for organic carbon) and Log Kow (octane-water coefficient); the relationship between Kd and Koc was also examined. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pesticide levels in sediment and surface water were positively associated with the rainy season, total organic content (TOC), percentage silt and clay in sediment. Field-derived pesticide partition coefficients (Kd<100 and log Koc<3) indicated that pesticide species were largely mobile and less likely to be retained in sediments by adsorption. As such, pesticides irrespective of solubility would end up in surface water, increasing risks for pelagic biota and humans sourcing river water for domestic use. Values of Log Kow indicate that organochlorines including DDT, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide portend significant bioaccumulation risks to humans and biota across sites. The relationship between Kd and Koc for each site fitted into a quadratic model; it depicted a biphasic behavior of pesticide adsorption and desorption to sediments revealing that concentration of organic carbon across study sites was a limiting factor determining the extent of pesticide adsorption. This study demonstrates that understanding pesticide mobility using field-based partition coefficients could give a clearer picture of pesticide risks to biota and human populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies on pesticide behavior, adsorption-likelihood, and bioavailability vis-a-vis geosorbent properties and seasons, are critical for understanding pesticide-fate and risks in pesticide-prone environments. We examined the relationship between geosorbent profiles of sediments (percentage sand, silt, clay, organic carbon content) across seasons and occurrence of pesticide residues in surface water and sediment of agricultural catchments at Owan, Ogbesse and Illushi communities of Edo State, Nigeria. Pesticide concentrations were measured monthly in samples of surface water and sediments across the selected sites for 18-months. Pesticide behavior and sorption-likelihoods were examined using partition coefficients Kd (sediment-water coefficient), Koc (sediment-water coefficient normalized for organic carbon) and Log Kow (octane-water coefficient); the relationship between Kd and Koc was also examined. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pesticide levels in sediment and surface water were positively associated with the rainy season, total organic content (TOC), percentage silt and clay in sediment. Field-derived pesticide partition coefficients (Kd<100 and log Koc<3) indicated that pesticide species were largely mobile and less likely to be retained in sediments by adsorption. As such, pesticides irrespective of solubility would end up in surface water, increasing risks for pelagic biota and humans sourcing river water for domestic use. Values of Log Kow indicate that organochlorines including DDT, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide portend significant bioaccumulation risks to humans and biota across sites. The relationship between Kd and Koc for each site fitted into a quadratic model; it depicted a biphasic behavior of pesticide adsorption and desorption to sediments revealing that concentration of organic carbon across study sites was a limiting factor determining the extent of pesticide adsorption. This study demonstrates that understanding pesticide mobility using field-based partition coefficients could give a clearer picture of pesticide risks to biota and human populations. |
Usifoh SF Ighedosa SU, Aighewi IT Asemota OD Odigie EA Faboya Impact of Lassa Fever on the Practice and Consumption of Stored Food by University of Benin Community, in Benin City, Nigeria Journal Article JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, 30 (1), pp. 11, 2018. @article{SF2018, title = {Impact of Lassa Fever on the Practice and Consumption of Stored Food by University of Benin Community, in Benin City, Nigeria}, author = {Usifoh SF, Ighedosa SU, Aighewi IT, Asemota OD, Odigie EA, Faboya }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Usifoh-SFIghedosa-SUAighewi-ITAsemota-ODOdigie-EAFaboya-T-Impact-of-lassa-fever-on-the-practice-and-consumption-of-stored-food-by-university-of-benin-communityin-benin-cityNigeria.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-01}, journal = {JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria with a propensity for seasonal outbreaks in Benin City and is transmissible through consumption of food contaminated with infected rat secretions and excretions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of Lassa fever on the consumption of processed snacks and food storage practices in University of Benin campuses. Methods: The study enrolled staff and students of the University in a cross-sectional study of selected 600 respondents using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire included socio-demographics, impact of Lassa fever epidemic on the consumption of favorite processed snacks and attitude to food contaminated by rat. Results: Majority, 274 (45%) were between 15-24 years, 313 (52.2%) were females and singles were 372 (62.0%). Predominant level of education was first degree 143 (23.8%) while income per month of majority of the students was belowN20, 000.00 and above N 80,000.00 for staff. The favorite food/snacks by many students 77(25.6%) was indomie noodles and biscuits 57(18.9%), while 73 (24.3%) staff preferred bread and 52 (17.3%) other snacks. Garri (cassava flakes) was the favorite of 88(14.6%) respondents. Many 306 (50.8%) stored food in containers, some 84 (13.9%) store in cellophane bags, while a few 41 (6.8%) in lockers. When rats nibble on their favorite food/snacks, 385 (68.9%) reported that they dispose the entire food, while 155(25.7%) cut off the eaten portion and consume the rest.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria with a propensity for seasonal outbreaks in Benin City and is transmissible through consumption of food contaminated with infected rat secretions and excretions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of Lassa fever on the consumption of processed snacks and food storage practices in University of Benin campuses. Methods: The study enrolled staff and students of the University in a cross-sectional study of selected 600 respondents using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire included socio-demographics, impact of Lassa fever epidemic on the consumption of favorite processed snacks and attitude to food contaminated by rat. Results: Majority, 274 (45%) were between 15-24 years, 313 (52.2%) were females and singles were 372 (62.0%). Predominant level of education was first degree 143 (23.8%) while income per month of majority of the students was belowN20, 000.00 and above N 80,000.00 for staff. The favorite food/snacks by many students 77(25.6%) was indomie noodles and biscuits 57(18.9%), while 73 (24.3%) staff preferred bread and 52 (17.3%) other snacks. Garri (cassava flakes) was the favorite of 88(14.6%) respondents. Many 306 (50.8%) stored food in containers, some 84 (13.9%) store in cellophane bags, while a few 41 (6.8%) in lockers. When rats nibble on their favorite food/snacks, 385 (68.9%) reported that they dispose the entire food, while 155(25.7%) cut off the eaten portion and consume the rest. |
Ighodaro igbe Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, Expanding the insights into the usefulness of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms A review of its nutritional and medicinal values Journal Article JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 7 (1), pp. 12, 2018. @article{igbeigbe2018, title = {Expanding the insights into the usefulness of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms A review of its nutritional and medicinal values}, author = { Ighodaro igbe, Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Agbonlahor-Okhuarobo-Ighodaro-igbe-Expanding-the-insights-into-the-usefulness-of-Brachystegia-eurycoma-Harms-A-review-of-its-nutritional-and-medicinal-values.pdf}, doi = {10.5455/jice.20170907104442}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-10}, journal = {JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Brachystegia eurycoma is a leguminous plant that is popular amongst the people of the Southern part of Nigeria for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional values. However, this legume has been grossly underutilized despite the promise that it holds for food and drug development. Hence, this review sheds light on the past and present states of research as well as the way to go regarding future research on the nutritional and medicinal values of Brachystegia eurycoma (B. eurycoma) with a view to inciting research interests that may lead to food and drug development from the plant. This review is based on a literature search of scientific journals and books from the library and electronic sources, which revealed that the seeds possess most of the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant. Extracts and purely isolated compounds from the plant have been reported to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and blood glucose lowering activities as well as lipid profile, liver enzyme, and gastrointestinal motility modulation activities. Toxicological evaluation of extracts from this plant did not show any significant acute and sub-acute toxicities in rodents. Evaluation of the gums from the seeds of the plant has proven their application as food and pharmaceutical adjutants. Taken together, the findings from this review have unveiled the need for further scientific exploration of the constituents of B. eurycoma as potential sources of new food/nutritional adjuvant and medicines.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Brachystegia eurycoma is a leguminous plant that is popular amongst the people of the Southern part of Nigeria for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional values. However, this legume has been grossly underutilized despite the promise that it holds for food and drug development. Hence, this review sheds light on the past and present states of research as well as the way to go regarding future research on the nutritional and medicinal values of Brachystegia eurycoma (B. eurycoma) with a view to inciting research interests that may lead to food and drug development from the plant. This review is based on a literature search of scientific journals and books from the library and electronic sources, which revealed that the seeds possess most of the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant. Extracts and purely isolated compounds from the plant have been reported to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and blood glucose lowering activities as well as lipid profile, liver enzyme, and gastrointestinal motility modulation activities. Toxicological evaluation of extracts from this plant did not show any significant acute and sub-acute toxicities in rodents. Evaluation of the gums from the seeds of the plant has proven their application as food and pharmaceutical adjutants. Taken together, the findings from this review have unveiled the need for further scientific exploration of the constituents of B. eurycoma as potential sources of new food/nutritional adjuvant and medicines. |
Deborah, Odejimi; Lillian, Ozor Patience THE EFFECT OF DEBTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, pp. 243, 2018, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Deborah2018, title = {THE EFFECT OF DEBTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA}, author = {Odejimi Deborah and Ozor Patience Lillian }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Odejimi-Deborah-and-Ozor-Patience-Lillian-THE-EFFECT-OF-DEBTS-ON-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-IN-WEST-AFRICA.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, pages = {243}, abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the effect of debt on economic growth in West Africa. The main objectives being to examine the effect of debt as a means of driving growth and also, some macroeconomic factors such as gross capital formation and labour quality on the resultant effect of the use of debt to drive economic growth in West Africa. Four models are specified and estimated using panel data from 1970 to 2011. The first, using the fixed and random effect regression based on the Ordinary Least Square, the second, using the 2SLSand the third and fourth using the GMM estimation techniques. The results show that debts do not have significant effect on growth in the selected West African countries with coefficients of (0.00267) and (0.00153) respectively; but upon addition of the year variable to control for time fixed effects, debt was found to have Strong effect at 1% level of significance on growth with coefficients of -0.010 and -0.0154 respectively. The negative sign indicating an inverse relationship; that is, the higher the debt stock, the lower the growth rate. This conforms to a’priori expectation. The study recommends that government should concentrate less on debts as means of driving economic growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study investigates the effect of debt on economic growth in West Africa. The main objectives being to examine the effect of debt as a means of driving growth and also, some macroeconomic factors such as gross capital formation and labour quality on the resultant effect of the use of debt to drive economic growth in West Africa. Four models are specified and estimated using panel data from 1970 to 2011. The first, using the fixed and random effect regression based on the Ordinary Least Square, the second, using the 2SLSand the third and fourth using the GMM estimation techniques. The results show that debts do not have significant effect on growth in the selected West African countries with coefficients of (0.00267) and (0.00153) respectively; but upon addition of the year variable to control for time fixed effects, debt was found to have Strong effect at 1% level of significance on growth with coefficients of -0.010 and -0.0154 respectively. The negative sign indicating an inverse relationship; that is, the higher the debt stock, the lower the growth rate. This conforms to a’priori expectation. The study recommends that government should concentrate less on debts as means of driving economic growth. |
Lawrence Ezemonye Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Mike Ajieh Contemporary Issues in Africa's Development Whither the African Renaissance? Journal Article 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018, title = {Contemporary Issues in Africa's Development Whither the African Renaissance?}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Mike Ajieh}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323029079_Contemporary_Issues_in_Africa\'s_Development_Whither_the_African_Renaissance}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, abstract = {This volume reports on the state of crisis in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Africa, on the eve of the ‘independence revolution’, was the continent of hope and high expectations. By the third decade of independence, optimism had been replaced by dismality. African states had been beset by ethno-political squabbles, military rule, civil wars, Islamic and insurgent movements, extreme poverty and disease. With the ascent of redemocratization in the 1990s and of ‘new’ pan-Africanism derived from the formation of the African Union, Africa appeared set to claim its vaunted destiny. This book asks, with hindsight to the first decade of the twenty-first century: how real was the renaissance in African life? If the dismal African condition is a phase in the historical development of Africa, this volume does not see any golden age in the past to which Africa aspires to return. There is clearly a continuation and persistence of crisis, with an absence of good governance, personalisation of state power, widespread disease, and policy failure in education, economy and infrastructural development. Although endowed with abundant human and natural resources, Africa remains the least developed and most indebted continent. Whither then the African Renaissance? The methodologies that underpin the contributions in this book are as diverse as the specialisations of the contributors. The collection questions ideologically protected assumptions and presumptions, presenting Africa as it is, because it is only by knowing where Africa truly stands that a proper direction can be charted for it.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This volume reports on the state of crisis in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Africa, on the eve of the ‘independence revolution’, was the continent of hope and high expectations. By the third decade of independence, optimism had been replaced by dismality. African states had been beset by ethno-political squabbles, military rule, civil wars, Islamic and insurgent movements, extreme poverty and disease. With the ascent of redemocratization in the 1990s and of ‘new’ pan-Africanism derived from the formation of the African Union, Africa appeared set to claim its vaunted destiny. This book asks, with hindsight to the first decade of the twenty-first century: how real was the renaissance in African life? If the dismal African condition is a phase in the historical development of Africa, this volume does not see any golden age in the past to which Africa aspires to return. There is clearly a continuation and persistence of crisis, with an absence of good governance, personalisation of state power, widespread disease, and policy failure in education, economy and infrastructural development. Although endowed with abundant human and natural resources, Africa remains the least developed and most indebted continent. Whither then the African Renaissance? The methodologies that underpin the contributions in this book are as diverse as the specialisations of the contributors. The collection questions ideologically protected assumptions and presumptions, presenting Africa as it is, because it is only by knowing where Africa truly stands that a proper direction can be charted for it. |
2017 |
Ogbonna J.C. I. Igbe2, Erharuyi1 Imieje1 O V O; Falodun1, A Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia Journal Article 2017, ISSN: 2315-9987. @article{Ogbonna12017, title = {Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia}, author = {Ogbonna J.C. , I. Igbe2, O. Erharuyi1, V.O. Imieje1 and A. Falodun1}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/J.C.-Ogbonna1-I.-Igbe-O.-Erharuyi-V.O.-Imieje-and-A.-Falodun-Biological-Activities-of-a-Macrocyclic-Diterpenoid-Isolated-from-the-Roots-of-Jatropha-gossypiifolia.pdf}, issn = {2315-9987}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-20}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 μg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC50 of 0.43 μg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 μg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC50 of 0.43 μg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors Journal Article International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa , 39 , pp. 154, 2017, ISSN: 1663-4144,. @article{Orhorhoro2017b, title = {Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors}, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Effect-of-Organic-Loading-Rate-OLR-on-Biogas-Yield-Using-a-Single.pdf}, issn = {1663-4144,}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-17}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa }, volume = {39}, pages = {154}, abstract = {Abstract. The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3 (1.5 kg/m3 , 2 kg/m3 , 2.5 kg/m3 , and 3 kg/m3 ). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 360 C-370 C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3 and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3 -3.0 kg/m3 .}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract. The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3 (1.5 kg/m3 , 2 kg/m3 , 2.5 kg/m3 , and 3 kg/m3 ). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 360 C-370 C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3 and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3 -3.0 kg/m3 . |
J.C. Ogbonna I. Igbe, Erharuyi Imieje Falodun O V O A Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia Journal Article Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, pp. 10, 2017, ISSN: 2315-9987. @article{Ogbonna2017, title = {Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia}, author = {J.C. Ogbonna,I. Igbe,O. Erharuyi,V.O. Imieje,A. Falodun}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AGU-KINGSLEY-CHUKWUNONSO-2-OKOLIE-NGOZI-PAULINUS-Isolation-and-Elucidation-of-15-Acetylguanacone-from-Soursop-Annona-muricata-Linn-Fruit-and-Molecular-Docking-Experiments.pdf}, issn = {2315-9987}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-04}, journal = {Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acidinduced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 µg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC 50 of 0.43 µg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, jatrophone, antiprotozoal, analgesic, cytotoxic activity}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acidinduced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 µg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC 50 of 0.43 µg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, jatrophone, antiprotozoal, analgesic, cytotoxic activity |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Determination and Quantification of Household Solid Waste Generation for Planning Suitable Sustainable Waste Management in Nigeria Journal Article International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 5 , pp. 10, 2017, ISSN: 2349-4395. @article{Orhorhoro2017, title = {Determination and Quantification of Household Solid Waste Generation for Planning Suitable Sustainable Waste Management in Nigeria}, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ejiroghene-Kelly-OrhorhoroPatrick-Okechukwu-EbuniloGodwin-Ejuvwedia-Sadjere-Determination-and-Quantification-of-Household-Solid-Waste-Generation-for-Planning-Suitable-Sustainable-Waste.pdf}, issn = {2349-4395}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-02}, journal = {International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology}, volume = {5}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Determination and quantification of household solid waste generation for planning suitable sustainable waste management in Nigeria is paramount. This will not only help the government and institution to ascertain the volume of household solid waste generated on a daily basis, but it will as well go a long way to put in place a suitable technology for managing household solid waste generated. In this research work, 100 households in Sapele, Nigeria were used. A stratified random sampling method was applied. The household solid waste generated was collected weekly and sorted into food waste, metal waste, glass waste, paper waste, rubber and plastic waste and composition of other waste that comprises of textile, leather, ashes, etc. This was measured with a weighing balance after proper sorting. From the results of the waste survey carried out, a total of 229.53kg of household solid waste was generated per week by 100 households consisting of 334 persons. With the above figure, 0.2953kg (0.0002953tons) of solid waste was generated per household on a daily basis. By percentage composition, food waste has the highest (75%), the composition of food waste consists mainly of food left-over; vegetables, fish and meat waste, fruits, peels (cassava, yam, potato, orange, pawpaw, banana, plantain etc.). The proportion of food waste generated in Sapele, Nigeria can be compost through anaerobic digestion process rather than disposed of that has negative impact on the environment}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Determination and quantification of household solid waste generation for planning suitable sustainable waste management in Nigeria is paramount. This will not only help the government and institution to ascertain the volume of household solid waste generated on a daily basis, but it will as well go a long way to put in place a suitable technology for managing household solid waste generated. In this research work, 100 households in Sapele, Nigeria were used. A stratified random sampling method was applied. The household solid waste generated was collected weekly and sorted into food waste, metal waste, glass waste, paper waste, rubber and plastic waste and composition of other waste that comprises of textile, leather, ashes, etc. This was measured with a weighing balance after proper sorting. From the results of the waste survey carried out, a total of 229.53kg of household solid waste was generated per week by 100 households consisting of 334 persons. With the above figure, 0.2953kg (0.0002953tons) of solid waste was generated per household on a daily basis. By percentage composition, food waste has the highest (75%), the composition of food waste consists mainly of food left-over; vegetables, fish and meat waste, fruits, peels (cassava, yam, potato, orange, pawpaw, banana, plantain etc.). The proportion of food waste generated in Sapele, Nigeria can be compost through anaerobic digestion process rather than disposed of that has negative impact on the environment |
P.O. Osunde E.K Orhorhoro, Ebunilo P O B Design of Three Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant Journal Article American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 6 , pp. 321, 2017, ISSN: 2320-0847. @article{Osunde2017, title = {Design of Three Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant }, author = {P.O. Osunde, E.K Orhorhoro, P.O.B. Ebunilo}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-Osunde-E.K.-Orhorhoro-P.O.B.-Ebunilo-Design-of-Three-Stages-Continuous-Anaerobic-Digestion-AD-Plant.pdf}, issn = {2320-0847}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-02}, journal = {American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)}, volume = {6}, pages = {321}, abstract = {ABSTRACT : The AD system is extensively acceptable as an efficient process for treatment and utilization of organic waste because it has proven to be promising method for waste recycling and energy generation. However, the major problems face with existing AD plants are long hydraulic retention time and low biogas yield. Redesigning of AD plant for performance can lead to improve biogas yield at shorter hydraulic retention time. This paper is focused on the design of three stagescontinuousanaerobic digestion (AD) plant. Key analysis and concern about the design considerations, design requirement, material selection, optimum operating condition of biogas production were carried out. The major components of the plant are; stirrer shaft, bearings, reactor vessels, valves, pH meter, pressure gauge, thermometer, etc. To ensure that an efficient plant is designed for performance, the following parameters were design for; volume of reactor vessel, stress induced by total internal pressure, slurry and gas pressure, torque, drag force, stirrer shaft diameter, bearing selection, power, etc. The plant was test for performance using 35kg of non-uniform multiple feedstock mainly obtained from food waste, water hyacinth, waste water, pig and cow dung and the following process and operation parameters (volatile solid, temperature, hydraulic retention time, pressure, total solid, pH, organic loading rate) of AD system were monitored. The results obtained show that hoop stress act on the reactor vessel that is cylindrical in shape. Besides, torque of 20.2958Nm (AD1/AD2) and 24.0543Nm (AD3), stirrer shaft diameter of 20mm, maximum shear stress of 110Mpa, yield stress of 220Mpa, total internal pressure of 2.2MPa, slurry pressure of 6662.25MPa, maximum gas pressure of 2.193MPa, drag force of 33.8263N (AD1/AD2) and 60.1357N (AD3) were obtained. The performance test results with non-uniform multiple feedstock confirm reduction in hydraulic retention time (25day), improve biogas yield, stable pH values, improved organic loading rate, percentage volatile solid of 95% and percentage total solid of 10.00%. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT : The AD system is extensively acceptable as an efficient process for treatment and utilization of organic waste because it has proven to be promising method for waste recycling and energy generation. However, the major problems face with existing AD plants are long hydraulic retention time and low biogas yield. Redesigning of AD plant for performance can lead to improve biogas yield at shorter hydraulic retention time. This paper is focused on the design of three stagescontinuousanaerobic digestion (AD) plant. Key analysis and concern about the design considerations, design requirement, material selection, optimum operating condition of biogas production were carried out. The major components of the plant are; stirrer shaft, bearings, reactor vessels, valves, pH meter, pressure gauge, thermometer, etc. To ensure that an efficient plant is designed for performance, the following parameters were design for; volume of reactor vessel, stress induced by total internal pressure, slurry and gas pressure, torque, drag force, stirrer shaft diameter, bearing selection, power, etc. The plant was test for performance using 35kg of non-uniform multiple feedstock mainly obtained from food waste, water hyacinth, waste water, pig and cow dung and the following process and operation parameters (volatile solid, temperature, hydraulic retention time, pressure, total solid, pH, organic loading rate) of AD system were monitored. The results obtained show that hoop stress act on the reactor vessel that is cylindrical in shape. Besides, torque of 20.2958Nm (AD1/AD2) and 24.0543Nm (AD3), stirrer shaft diameter of 20mm, maximum shear stress of 110Mpa, yield stress of 220Mpa, total internal pressure of 2.2MPa, slurry pressure of 6662.25MPa, maximum gas pressure of 2.193MPa, drag force of 33.8263N (AD1/AD2) and 60.1357N (AD3) were obtained. The performance test results with non-uniform multiple feedstock confirm reduction in hydraulic retention time (25day), improve biogas yield, stable pH values, improved organic loading rate, percentage volatile solid of 95% and percentage total solid of 10.00%. |
Iseru Ebike, Ufuoma Emifoniye Early Characterisation of Sawdust Combustion in an Experimental Model Bubbling Fluidized Journal Article International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery, 2 (4), pp. 60, 2017, ISBN: 2536-7269. @article{Iseru2017, title = {Early Characterisation of Sawdust Combustion in an Experimental Model Bubbling Fluidized}, author = {Iseru, Ebike,Ufuoma, Emifoniye }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Iseru-EbikeUfuoma-Emifoniye-Early-Characterisation-of-Sawdust-Combustion-in-an-Experimental-Model-Bubbling-Fluidized.pdf}, isbn = {2536-7269}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-01}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Abstract: The need to explore alternative energy sources in meeting global energy demands is becoming more significant as a result of the twin problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Biomass constitutes a readily available alternative source of energy. However, there are inherent difficulties in burning biomass due to its high moisture content. Among the available technologies that can be used for biomass combustion, the fluidized bed combustor is emerging as one of the best due to its flexibility and high efficiency. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of sawdust in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. The experimentation was carried out in the locally fabricated BFBC under two biomass feed rates of 2.6kg/h and 3.5kg/h, and varying excess air (EA) values. The effects of fuel feed rate and excess air on the concentration of major gaseous emissions (CO and CO2) in flue gas, combustion efficiency, and the thermal profile along the combustor height were studied. The combustion efficiency of the fluidized bed combustor was calculated for the sawdust fired under different operating conditions, based on the CO concentration in the flue gas. A maximum efficiency of about 99 % was obtained with acceptable CO emission.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: The need to explore alternative energy sources in meeting global energy demands is becoming more significant as a result of the twin problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Biomass constitutes a readily available alternative source of energy. However, there are inherent difficulties in burning biomass due to its high moisture content. Among the available technologies that can be used for biomass combustion, the fluidized bed combustor is emerging as one of the best due to its flexibility and high efficiency. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of sawdust in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. The experimentation was carried out in the locally fabricated BFBC under two biomass feed rates of 2.6kg/h and 3.5kg/h, and varying excess air (EA) values. The effects of fuel feed rate and excess air on the concentration of major gaseous emissions (CO and CO2) in flue gas, combustion efficiency, and the thermal profile along the combustor height were studied. The combustion efficiency of the fluidized bed combustor was calculated for the sawdust fired under different operating conditions, based on the CO concentration in the flue gas. A maximum efficiency of about 99 % was obtained with acceptable CO emission. |
Osamuyi H. Uwumarongie1* Nkem D. Onwukaeme1, Ighodaro Igbe2 Phytochemical Analysis and Hypoglycaemic Activity of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf (Apocynaceae) Journal Article 2017. @article{Uwumarongie1*2017, title = {Phytochemical Analysis and Hypoglycaemic Activity of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf (Apocynaceae)}, author = {Osamuyi H. Uwumarongie1*, Nkem D. Onwukaeme1, Ighodaro Igbe2}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Osamuyi-H.-Uwumarongie-Nkem-D.-Onwukaeme-Ighodaro-Igbe.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-05}, abstract = {Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Staph. (Apocynaceae) stem bark is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of diabetes. This study determined the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the methanol stem bark extract for acute toxicity and hypoglycaemic activity in Wistar albino rats. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg body weight of extract to rats. Diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (i.p) and the hypoglycaemic effects of daily doses of 125, 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract, orally administered to fasted normal and diabetic rats for 14 days, were monitored at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, as well as on days 7 and 14. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. The extract at a dose of 4 g/kg, caused neither death nor any observable symptoms of toxicity after 24 h and then, for 14 days. In non-diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract produced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose at 8 h and 2 h, respectively. In diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract caused significant reductions (p < 0.05) at 4 h and 2 h, respectively, with maximum effect at 12 h. In both, the effect of the extract was found to be dosedependent. In conclusion, this study revealed that the methanol stem bark extract of T. pachysiphon possessed hypoglycaemic effects, thus validating the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant. Keywords: Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, acute toxicity, hypoglycaemic effect, phytochemicals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Staph. (Apocynaceae) stem bark is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of diabetes. This study determined the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the methanol stem bark extract for acute toxicity and hypoglycaemic activity in Wistar albino rats. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg body weight of extract to rats. Diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (i.p) and the hypoglycaemic effects of daily doses of 125, 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract, orally administered to fasted normal and diabetic rats for 14 days, were monitored at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, as well as on days 7 and 14. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. The extract at a dose of 4 g/kg, caused neither death nor any observable symptoms of toxicity after 24 h and then, for 14 days. In non-diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract produced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose at 8 h and 2 h, respectively. In diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract caused significant reductions (p < 0.05) at 4 h and 2 h, respectively, with maximum effect at 12 h. In both, the effect of the extract was found to be dosedependent. In conclusion, this study revealed that the methanol stem bark extract of T. pachysiphon possessed hypoglycaemic effects, thus validating the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant. Keywords: Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, acute toxicity, hypoglycaemic effect, phytochemicals. |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Experimental Determination of Effect of Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solid (VS) on Biogas Yield Journal Article American Journal of Modern Energy, pp. 135, 2017, ISBN: 2575-3908. @article{Orhorhoro2017d, title = {Experimental Determination of Effect of Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solid (VS) on Biogas Yield }, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Godwin-Ejuvwedia-Sadjere-Patrick-Okechukwu-Ebunilo-Ejiroghene-Kelly-Orhorhoro-Experimental-Determination-of-Effect-of-Total-Solid-TS-and-Volatile-Solid-VS-on-Biogas-Yield.pdf}, isbn = { 2575-3908}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-16}, journal = {American Journal of Modern Energy}, pages = {135}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, eight different samples of substrates with varying percentage total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) were used. The samples which comprises mainly of water hyacinth, waste water (i.e., from ice fish cold room, septic tanks, and abattoir), pig dung, cow dung, corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice left over, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, sweet potato peels, garri left over, plantain peels, beans waste, banana peels and vegetables, etc., were codigested. In each of the samples, 10kg of substrates were used and the experiment was conducted within mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, pH range of 6.9-7.4 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of thirty-three (33) days. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from these substrates increase with increasing percentage volatile solid and decrease with decreasing percentage volatile solid concentration below and above the optimum value of 91.1% (2.88kg) volatile solids which gave the maximum amount of biogas yield for the samples of substrates to be 1.01kg (23.6%), 2.01kg (60.75%), 2.55kg (84.72%), 2.41kg (68.0%), 2.35kg (67.67%), 1.85kg (59.23%), 1.45kg (25.39%). Furthermore, the results obtained reveal that bio-digesters should be run at 10.16% total solids, since optimum cumulative biogas generation is achieved at this %TS concentration. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, eight different samples of substrates with varying percentage total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) were used. The samples which comprises mainly of water hyacinth, waste water (i.e., from ice fish cold room, septic tanks, and abattoir), pig dung, cow dung, corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice left over, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, sweet potato peels, garri left over, plantain peels, beans waste, banana peels and vegetables, etc., were codigested. In each of the samples, 10kg of substrates were used and the experiment was conducted within mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, pH range of 6.9-7.4 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of thirty-three (33) days. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from these substrates increase with increasing percentage volatile solid and decrease with decreasing percentage volatile solid concentration below and above the optimum value of 91.1% (2.88kg) volatile solids which gave the maximum amount of biogas yield for the samples of substrates to be 1.01kg (23.6%), 2.01kg (60.75%), 2.55kg (84.72%), 2.41kg (68.0%), 2.35kg (67.67%), 1.85kg (59.23%), 1.45kg (25.39%). Furthermore, the results obtained reveal that bio-digesters should be run at 10.16% total solids, since optimum cumulative biogas generation is achieved at this %TS concentration. |
b b b Christiana Jesumirhewe a Burkhard Springer, Sarah Lepuschitz Franz Allerberger Werner Ruppitsch Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Jesumirhewe2017, title = {Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Christiana Jesumirhewe,a Burkhard Springer,b Sarah Lepuschitz,b Franz Allerberger,b Werner Ruppitsch}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Christiana-Jesumirhewe-Burkhard-Springer-Sarah-Lepuschitz-Carbapenemase-Producing.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-21}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Cyril Ogbiko Jonathan C. Eboka, Ighodaro Igbe Dabai Usman M Anti-Ulcer activity of methanol extract of Plantago rugelii Decne. (Plantaginaceae) Journal Article Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, pp. 6, 2017. @article{Ogbiko2017, title = {Anti-Ulcer activity of methanol extract of Plantago rugelii Decne. (Plantaginaceae)}, author = {Cyril Ogbiko,Jonathan C. Eboka,Ighodaro Igbe,Dabai M. Usman}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ogbiko-cyrilIghodaro-igbe..-Anti-ulcer-activity-of-methanol-extract-of-plantago-rugelii-Decne.Plantaginaceae-1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-09}, journal = {Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research}, pages = {6}, abstract = {In spite of the increase in the use of herbal medicines, there are inadequate research on their effectiveness and toxicity. Plantago rugelii is commonly used in Nigeria folk medicine as an antimicrobial agent and topical agent for open wounds amongst others. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, quantitative proximate parameters, acute toxicity and the anti ulcer capabilities of the whole plant consisting of the roots, stem and leaves using various experimental animal models and established methods. Results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, deoxy sugars, phytosterols, protein and flavonoids. Moisture content (39.64 ± 1.09 %), total ash (17.22 ± 0.22 %), water insoluble ash (6.27 ± 0.18 %), acid insoluble ash (4.93 ± 0.36 %), alcohol soluble extractive (0.98 ± 0.04 %) and water soluble extractive (0.25 ± 0.06 %) values were obtained from the quantitative proximate analysis. An infusion of the whole plant (200 and 400 mg/kg) protected against gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and HCl in 60 % (v/v) ethanol in the animals. A higher dose of 400 mg/kg body weight from 200 mg/kg body weight of the plant infusion produce a correspondingly higher gastric ulcer protective activity. There were no mortality at 8 g/kg p.o after 24 hours and no sign of delayed toxicity or mortality after 14 days of observation. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that P. rugelii can protect against aspirin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In spite of the increase in the use of herbal medicines, there are inadequate research on their effectiveness and toxicity. Plantago rugelii is commonly used in Nigeria folk medicine as an antimicrobial agent and topical agent for open wounds amongst others. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, quantitative proximate parameters, acute toxicity and the anti ulcer capabilities of the whole plant consisting of the roots, stem and leaves using various experimental animal models and established methods. Results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, deoxy sugars, phytosterols, protein and flavonoids. Moisture content (39.64 ± 1.09 %), total ash (17.22 ± 0.22 %), water insoluble ash (6.27 ± 0.18 %), acid insoluble ash (4.93 ± 0.36 %), alcohol soluble extractive (0.98 ± 0.04 %) and water soluble extractive (0.25 ± 0.06 %) values were obtained from the quantitative proximate analysis. An infusion of the whole plant (200 and 400 mg/kg) protected against gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and HCl in 60 % (v/v) ethanol in the animals. A higher dose of 400 mg/kg body weight from 200 mg/kg body weight of the plant infusion produce a correspondingly higher gastric ulcer protective activity. There were no mortality at 8 g/kg p.o after 24 hours and no sign of delayed toxicity or mortality after 14 days of observation. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that P. rugelii can protect against aspirin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals. |
Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye Doris Fovwe Ogeleka1, Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida2 Precious Aghogho Odivwri Felix Ebodaghe Okieimen5 3* Toxicity of non-selective herbicide-Paraeforce® to Periwinkle snail Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula Journal Article 2017. @article{Ezemonye2017b, title = {Toxicity of non-selective herbicide-Paraeforce® to Periwinkle snail Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula}, author = {Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye, Doris Fovwe Ogeleka1, Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida2,3*, Precious Aghogho Odivwri, Felix Ebodaghe Okieimen5}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AAES-02-03-011.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-25}, abstract = {Periwinkle snails Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula, an important shellfish in the Niger Delta ecological zone are on the decline and they have not been considered in environmental risk assess-ment due to the lack of standardized protocols. The gastropod is an abundant species and widely distributed in the aquatic Niger Delta environments. In this study T. fuscatus var radula was exposed to ParaeForce(e), a solution of paraquat dichloride, a non-selective commonly used organo-chlorine herbicide due to it sensitivity to chemical compounds, as pollution indicators. The effect of lethal and sub lethal exposure of ParaeForce® was assessed using the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) #218 protocol to determine the toxicity and safe limit concentrations. The lethal exposure gave an average LC50 of 0.665 mg/kg with a safe limit of 0.0665 mg/kg. The sub lethal test showed that the exposed organisms reduced significantly in body mass at levels of P < 0.05 when compared to the control experiment. Mean percent growth rate relative to the control reduced from 100% to 47% while the highest growth inhibition of 53% was observed in the highest concentration. Thus, the release of the test chemical and other similar herbi-cides into the environment may cause alteration and loss of body mass in periwinkle molluscs due to their toxic potentials. It is important to exercise caution in the application of this herbicide especially in the aquatic environment for weed control.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Periwinkle snails Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula, an important shellfish in the Niger Delta ecological zone are on the decline and they have not been considered in environmental risk assess-ment due to the lack of standardized protocols. The gastropod is an abundant species and widely distributed in the aquatic Niger Delta environments. In this study T. fuscatus var radula was exposed to ParaeForce(e), a solution of paraquat dichloride, a non-selective commonly used organo-chlorine herbicide due to it sensitivity to chemical compounds, as pollution indicators. The effect of lethal and sub lethal exposure of ParaeForce® was assessed using the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) #218 protocol to determine the toxicity and safe limit concentrations. The lethal exposure gave an average LC50 of 0.665 mg/kg with a safe limit of 0.0665 mg/kg. The sub lethal test showed that the exposed organisms reduced significantly in body mass at levels of P < 0.05 when compared to the control experiment. Mean percent growth rate relative to the control reduced from 100% to 47% while the highest growth inhibition of 53% was observed in the highest concentration. Thus, the release of the test chemical and other similar herbi-cides into the environment may cause alteration and loss of body mass in periwinkle molluscs due to their toxic potentials. It is important to exercise caution in the application of this herbicide especially in the aquatic environment for weed control. |
EK Orhorhoro, POB Ebunilo ; Sadjere, EG Design of Bio-Waste Grinding Machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) System Journal Article European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2017, ISSN: 2394 - 658X. @article{Orhorhoro2017c, title = {Design of Bio-Waste Grinding Machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) System }, author = {EK Orhorhoro, POB Ebunilo and EG Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EK-Orhorhoro-POB-Ebunilo-and-EG-Sadjere-Design-of-Bio-Waste-Grinding-Machine-for-Anaerobic-Digestion-AD-System-1.pdf}, issn = {2394 - 658X}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-04}, journal = {European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This research work focus on the design of bio-waste grinding machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) system. Two different conceptual designs were drawn; the best conceptual design was selected for detail design using decision matrix. The results obtained from the detail design show that a grinding force and power of 150N and 2.5 horse power (HP) were required for grinding an average mass of 5.87 kg of bio-waste. The machine was evaluated for performance and from the analysis, the machine was efficient (71.08%) and it was able to grind the bio-waste to the required sizes. Besides, the fine particles size has shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an improved biogas yields. Therefore, for optimum biogas yields, bio-waste grinding machine is required. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This research work focus on the design of bio-waste grinding machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) system. Two different conceptual designs were drawn; the best conceptual design was selected for detail design using decision matrix. The results obtained from the detail design show that a grinding force and power of 150N and 2.5 horse power (HP) were required for grinding an average mass of 5.87 kg of bio-waste. The machine was evaluated for performance and from the analysis, the machine was efficient (71.08%) and it was able to grind the bio-waste to the required sizes. Besides, the fine particles size has shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an improved biogas yields. Therefore, for optimum biogas yields, bio-waste grinding machine is required. |
Asibor R. E. & Omokhuale, E; Asibor, V O Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes Journal Article International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology, 4 (7), pp. 138, 2017, ISSN: 2313-3759. @article{Asibor2017, title = {Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes}, author = {Asibor, R. E. & Omokhuale, E. and Asibor, V. O}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Asibor-R.-E.-Omokhuale-E.-and-Asibor-V.-O.-Variable-thermal-conductivity-on-Jeffery-fluid-past-a-vertical-porous-plate-with-heat-and-mass-fluxes.pdf}, issn = {2313-3759}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-01}, journal = {International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology}, volume = {4}, number = {7}, pages = {138}, abstract = {ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration. |
Isioma Tongo Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Tongo2017, title = {Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Isioma Tongo, Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316632196_Distribution_characterization_and_human_health_risk_assessment_of_polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbons_PAHs_in_Ovia_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-15}, abstract = {The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.23 × 10⁻⁵ mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.23 × 10⁻⁵ mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects. |
Alex Enuneku Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017. @article{Enuneku2017b, title = {Levels, Distribution, Characterization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Side Soils and Earthworms from Urban High Traffic Areas in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316947614_Levels_Distribution_Characterization_and_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Road_Side_Soils_and_Earthworms_from_Urban_High_Traffic_Areas_in_Benin_Metropolis_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-11}, journal = { Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering}, abstract = {Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued. |
Alex Enuneku Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye 2017. @article{Enuneku2017, title = {Levels, Distribution, Characterization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Side Soils and Earthworms from Urban High Traffic Areas in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316947614_Levels_Distribution_Characterization_and_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Road_Side_Soils_and_Earthworms_from_Urban_High_Traffic_Areas_in_Benin_Metropolis_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-03}, abstract = {Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued. |
Lawrence Ezemonye, Isioma Tongo ; Akpeh, Kingsley Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Ezemonye2017, title = {Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Isioma Tongo and Kingsley Akpeh}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-017-5931-5}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-02}, abstract = {Abstract The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10−7 to 5.23 × 10−5 mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10−7 to 5.23 × 10−5 mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects |
ADARKI PONGRI, IGHODARO IGBE Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats Journal Article 63 , 2017. @article{PONGRI2017, title = {Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats}, author = {ADARKI PONGRI, IGHODARO IGBE}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ADARKI-PONGRI-IGHODARO-IGBE-Acute-and-sub-chronic-toxicity-evaluation-of-aqueous-extract-from-stem-bark.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/hepo-2017-0017}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-14}, volume = {63}, abstract = {Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology |
Asibor R. E., Omokhuale E; Asibor, V O Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes Technical Report 2017. @techreport{Asibor, title = {Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes}, author = {Asibor, R. E., Omokhuale, E. and Asibor, V. O}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AJSIR-1.docx}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-27}, abstract = {In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration. |
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