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Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects Journal Article International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2019, ISSN: 2575-1832. @article{Okechukwu2019, title = {The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects }, author = {Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata }, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20180402.14.pdf}, doi = { 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20180402.14}, issn = { 2575-1832}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-27}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research}, abstract = {Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area |
Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , 2019. @article{OLADIPUPO2019, title = { INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA}, author = {Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Adesina-Olugoke-OLADIPUPO-Peter-Okeguale-IBADIN-INDIRECT-TAXES-AND-INFRASTRUCTURAL-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. |
AKHOR Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO Olugbenga Uke THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 87, 2019. @article{AKHOR2019, title = { THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE}, author = {AKHOR, Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO, Olugbenga Uke}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AKHOR-Sadiq-Oshoke-EKUNDAYO-Olugbenga-Uke-THE-IMPACT-OF-INDIRECT-TAX-REVENUE-ON-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-THE-NIGERIA-EXPERIENCE.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {87}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth. |
AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , pp. 173, 2019. @article{Claire2019, title = { FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR}, author = {AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AMAKE-Chinwe-Claire-IKHATUA-Ohiorenuan-Jude-FORENSIC-ACCOUNTING-AND-FRAUD-DETECTION-IN-NIGERIAN-PUBLIC-SECTOR.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, pages = {173}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud. |
Bardi, Augustine Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture Journal Article Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada, 2 , pp. 168, 2019. @article{Bardi2019, title = {Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture}, author = {Augustine Bardi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Augustine-BardiLetters-as-Symbolic-Forms-for-Façade-and-interior-Decoration-in-Corporate-and-Domestic-Architecture.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada}, volume = {2}, pages = {168}, abstract = {Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished. |
P.O. Ebunilo E.K. Orhorhoro, M.Chukwudi C; Essienubong, I A Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS, 1 (1), pp. 17, 2019. @article{Ebunilo2019, title = {Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {P.O. Ebunilo, E.K. Orhorhoro, C. M.Chukwudi and I.A Essienubong}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-Ebunilo-E.K.-Orhorhoro-C.-M.Chukwudi-and-I.A-Essienubong-Performance-Evaluation-of-Biomass-Briquette-from-Elephant-and-Spear-grass-in-Benin-City-Edo-State.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales. |
Ighodaro Igbe Gerald Ikechi Eze, ; Ojameruaye, Oghenekevwe Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae) Journal Article pp. 82, 2019. @article{Igbe2019, title = {Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae)}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe , Gerald Ikechi Eze, and Oghenekevwe Ojameruaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ighodaro-Igbe-Anti-inflammatory-and-Analgesic-Effects-of-the-Methanol-Stem-Bark-Extract-of-Brachystegia-eurycoma-Harms-Fabaceae.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/EJMP/2012/1599}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use. |
Ikpe Aniekan E Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software Journal Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET, 3 (2), pp. 60, 2019. @article{E2019, title = {Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software}, author = {Ikpe Aniekan E, Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ikpe-Aniekan-EOrhorhoro-Ejiroghene-Kelly-Gobir-Abdulsamad-Engineering-Material-Selection-for-Automotive-Exhaust-Systems-Using-CES-Software.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-05}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal |
Nkadi Francis Nwachokor Obiora Jude Uchendu, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone Suicide in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria: An autopsy study Journal Article 10 , pp. 16-19, 2019. @article{Nwachokor2019, title = {Suicide in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria: An autopsy study}, author = {Nkadi Francis Nwachokor, Obiora Jude Uchendu, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, }, url = {http://www.atpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2251-0060;year=2019;volume=10;issue=1;spage=16;epage=19;aulast=Uchendu}, doi = {10.4103/atp.atp_44_18}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-14}, volume = {10}, pages = {16-19}, abstract = { Abstract Background: Suicide is a neglected public health problem in our environment. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic pattern of suicide cases with respect to sex, age, method, and place. Design: This is a 14½-year descriptive retrospective study of suicide cases reported to the coroner of Delta State, arising from Warri and its environs and subjected to postmortem examination by the authors. Materials and Methods: Information on age, sex, place of death, and method used was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A total of 21 confirmed cases of suicide were analyzed consisting of 16 (76%) males and 5 (24%) females. The age range of the victims is from 9 to 65 years, with 15 (71.4%) of cases in the 2nd to 4th decades. Hanging, poisoning, and firearm were the methods used in 17 (80.95%), 3 (14.29%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. The scene of the suicide included the deceased's home, bush, workplace, and police custody in 16 (76.2%), 2 (9.5%), 2 (9.5%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that suicide is a relatively rare problem, affecting mainly young males. The preferred place is usually the victim's homes. Hanging is the preferred method by males. There is a need to improve the welfare and mental health care of young people in the society as well as restrict the sales of poisoning through government policy in the country. Keywords: Autopsy, hanging, suicide}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background: Suicide is a neglected public health problem in our environment. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic pattern of suicide cases with respect to sex, age, method, and place. Design: This is a 14½-year descriptive retrospective study of suicide cases reported to the coroner of Delta State, arising from Warri and its environs and subjected to postmortem examination by the authors. Materials and Methods: Information on age, sex, place of death, and method used was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A total of 21 confirmed cases of suicide were analyzed consisting of 16 (76%) males and 5 (24%) females. The age range of the victims is from 9 to 65 years, with 15 (71.4%) of cases in the 2nd to 4th decades. Hanging, poisoning, and firearm were the methods used in 17 (80.95%), 3 (14.29%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. The scene of the suicide included the deceased's home, bush, workplace, and police custody in 16 (76.2%), 2 (9.5%), 2 (9.5%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that suicide is a relatively rare problem, affecting mainly young males. The preferred place is usually the victim's homes. Hanging is the preferred method by males. There is a need to improve the welfare and mental health care of young people in the society as well as restrict the sales of poisoning through government policy in the country. Keywords: Autopsy, hanging, suicide |
Nkadi Francis Nwachokor Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, Obiora Jude Uchendu Pattern of unnatural death among females in niger delta: A retrospective medicolegal study Journal Article 10 (1), pp. 6-10, 2019. @article{Nwachokor2019b, title = {Pattern of unnatural death among females in niger delta: A retrospective medicolegal study}, author = {Nkadi Francis Nwachokor, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, Obiora Jude Uchendu, }, url = {http://www.atpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2251-0060;year=2019;volume=10;issue=1;spage=6;epage=10;aulast=Ijomone}, doi = {10.4103/atp.atp_54_18}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-14}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {6-10}, abstract = {Abstract Background: Unnatural death among women is rarely emphasized but an important public health index of the community and society. Objective: The objective is to study the epidemiologic profile of unnatural death among females using autopsy data. Design: This is a 14-year descriptive retrospective study of all female unnatural death victims within Warri and its neighboring communities subjected to medicolegal autopsy. Materials and Methods: Information on age as well as manner and method of death were extracted from the autopsy report of the cases and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: Ninety-six females were examined in this study, representing 9.9% of the 975 medicolegal performed and 11.4% of the 805 unnatural deaths encountered during the study period. The age range is 1–70 years and the mean age is 29.82 years. These cases represent a mean annual incidence of about seven cases. The peak incidence of unnatural death occurred in the third decade (27.1%), followed by the fourth (19.8%) and fifth (15.6%) decades, respectively. The peak incidence for homicide and accidental deaths is in the third and fourth decades, respectively. Firearm-related death is the leading method of homicide accounting for 24 (53.3%) of the 45 homicide deaths. The use of blunt and sharp weapons each accounts for 10 (22.2%) of the cases. Road traffic accident (RTA) accounts for 28 cases, representing 59.6% of accidental deaths and 29.1% of unnatural deaths. Burns and drowning are the second and third leading causes of accidental death accounting for 11 (23.4%) and 3 (6.4%) of the accidental deaths. Four cases of suicide were encountered with three deaths as a result of ingestion of chemical poisons, while the fourth case was by hanging using rope. Conclusion: The study showed that unnatural deaths in women are mainly accidental, homicidal, and suicidal representing 49.0%, 46.0%, and 4.2% of the cases respectively. RTA, burns, drowning, and poisoning (in descending order) are the major causes of accidental deaths. Firearm, sharp, and blunt injuries (in descending order) are the major methods of executing homicides. The peak age for unnatural death is in the third decade with 75% of the death clustering within the 2nd–4th decade. Education, accident consciousness, parental supervision, and implementation of appropriate policy measures are paramount to reducing such death. Keywords: Accident, firearm, homicide, injuries, suicide, unnatural death }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background: Unnatural death among women is rarely emphasized but an important public health index of the community and society. Objective: The objective is to study the epidemiologic profile of unnatural death among females using autopsy data. Design: This is a 14-year descriptive retrospective study of all female unnatural death victims within Warri and its neighboring communities subjected to medicolegal autopsy. Materials and Methods: Information on age as well as manner and method of death were extracted from the autopsy report of the cases and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: Ninety-six females were examined in this study, representing 9.9% of the 975 medicolegal performed and 11.4% of the 805 unnatural deaths encountered during the study period. The age range is 1–70 years and the mean age is 29.82 years. These cases represent a mean annual incidence of about seven cases. The peak incidence of unnatural death occurred in the third decade (27.1%), followed by the fourth (19.8%) and fifth (15.6%) decades, respectively. The peak incidence for homicide and accidental deaths is in the third and fourth decades, respectively. Firearm-related death is the leading method of homicide accounting for 24 (53.3%) of the 45 homicide deaths. The use of blunt and sharp weapons each accounts for 10 (22.2%) of the cases. Road traffic accident (RTA) accounts for 28 cases, representing 59.6% of accidental deaths and 29.1% of unnatural deaths. Burns and drowning are the second and third leading causes of accidental death accounting for 11 (23.4%) and 3 (6.4%) of the accidental deaths. Four cases of suicide were encountered with three deaths as a result of ingestion of chemical poisons, while the fourth case was by hanging using rope. Conclusion: The study showed that unnatural deaths in women are mainly accidental, homicidal, and suicidal representing 49.0%, 46.0%, and 4.2% of the cases respectively. RTA, burns, drowning, and poisoning (in descending order) are the major causes of accidental deaths. Firearm, sharp, and blunt injuries (in descending order) are the major methods of executing homicides. The peak age for unnatural death is in the third decade with 75% of the death clustering within the 2nd–4th decade. Education, accident consciousness, parental supervision, and implementation of appropriate policy measures are paramount to reducing such death. Keywords: Accident, firearm, homicide, injuries, suicide, unnatural death |
Akinpelu Lateef Abiola Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article pp. 9, 2019. @article{Abiola2019, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Akinpelu Lateef Abiola,Adebayo Muritala Ayofe,Adesola Adedoyin}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Documents/New%20doc/Akinpelu%20Lateef%20Abiola,Adebayo%20Muritala%20Ayofe,Adesola%20Adedoyin%20%20%20%20Neurobehaviuor%20mechanism%20of%20antidepressant%20effect%20of%20methanol%20stem%20bark%20extract%20of%20adansonia%20%20digitata%7Blinn%7D%20in%20tail%20suspension%20test%20in%20mice.pdf}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.0701 02}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-13}, pages = {9}, abstract = {An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. |
OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK & GUIAWA MATHURIN I MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS Journal Article International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology, 2 , pp. 197, 2019, ISSN: 2321-8843. @article{J2019, title = {MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS}, author = {OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J, UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK I & GUIAWA MATHURIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OFUSORI-TEMIDAYO-J-UKAGU-STEPHEN-N-EZOMO-PATRICK-I-GUIAWA-MATHURINE-MOBILE-BROADBAND-SPEED-AND-DATA-VOLUME-ANALYSIS-Engr-Ofusori-Temidayo.pdf}, issn = {2321-8843}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-05}, journal = {International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology}, volume = {2}, pages = {197}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. |
Maureen U. Okwu Akpoka Augustine Obhioze, Imade Odaro Stanley Solanke Ezekiel Olatoye THE PREVALENCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS RECOVEREDFROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD FROM RESTAURANTS IN OKADA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA Journal Article 2 (2), pp. 4, 2019. @article{Okwu2019b, title = {THE PREVALENCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS RECOVEREDFROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD FROM RESTAURANTS IN OKADA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Maureen U. Okwu,Akpoka Augustine Obhioze, Imade Odaro Stanley,Solanke Ezekiel Olatoye}, url = {https://office.scicell.org/index.php/BE/article/view/6/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-23}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {4}, abstract = {This study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat cooked food and their contact surfaces in selected restaurants in the university town of Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Microbialanalysis was carried outonthe samples obtained fromsix restaurants. The restaurants sampled were the ones with the highest patronagewithin the studyarea. The resultsobtained indicated that most of the ready-to-eat food did not meetthe required quality standards,andtherefore,posedpotential risks of foodborne infections to consumers. Exposure assessment wasusedto evaluate the level of hygiene practices in theselectedrestaurantswith results indicating poor hygiene practice. Theorganisms isolated from the ready-to-eat cooked foods in the restaurants and their prevalence were,Bacillusspecies (12.50%), Enterobacterspecies(50.00%), Streptococcusspecies(12.50%), Micrococcusspecies(12.50%)andStaphylococcusaureus(12.50%), from the food contact surfaces (Hands of ready-to-eat food servers)were,Enterobacterspecies (36.36%), Streptococcus(9.09%), Micrococcus(9.09%) Staphylococcus (45.46%) andready-to-use serving plates(Streptococcus(33.33%)and Enterobactersp.(50%). Haemolysistestwas employed as a phenotypic marker of pathogenicity forStaphylococcusaureusandStreptococcussp. The prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the ready-to-eat food were Streptococcussp. (9.09%) and Staphylococcussp. (45.46%) and that of the one isolated from the serving plate was Streptococcussp. (33.33%).Keywords:Microbial quality, Prevalence, Foodborne pathogens, Food poisoning, Food intoxication,Food contamination,Public Health, ready-to-eat food, Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat cooked food and their contact surfaces in selected restaurants in the university town of Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Microbialanalysis was carried outonthe samples obtained fromsix restaurants. The restaurants sampled were the ones with the highest patronagewithin the studyarea. The resultsobtained indicated that most of the ready-to-eat food did not meetthe required quality standards,andtherefore,posedpotential risks of foodborne infections to consumers. Exposure assessment wasusedto evaluate the level of hygiene practices in theselectedrestaurantswith results indicating poor hygiene practice. Theorganisms isolated from the ready-to-eat cooked foods in the restaurants and their prevalence were,Bacillusspecies (12.50%), Enterobacterspecies(50.00%), Streptococcusspecies(12.50%), Micrococcusspecies(12.50%)andStaphylococcusaureus(12.50%), from the food contact surfaces (Hands of ready-to-eat food servers)were,Enterobacterspecies (36.36%), Streptococcus(9.09%), Micrococcus(9.09%) Staphylococcus (45.46%) andready-to-use serving plates(Streptococcus(33.33%)and Enterobactersp.(50%). Haemolysistestwas employed as a phenotypic marker of pathogenicity forStaphylococcusaureusandStreptococcussp. The prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the ready-to-eat food were Streptococcussp. (9.09%) and Staphylococcussp. (45.46%) and that of the one isolated from the serving plate was Streptococcussp. (33.33%).Keywords:Microbial quality, Prevalence, Foodborne pathogens, Food poisoning, Food intoxication,Food contamination,Public Health, ready-to-eat food, Nigeria. |
Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley Augustine Akpoka Osazee Izevbuwa O E Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review Journal Article pp. 22, 2019. @article{Okwu2019, title = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review}, author = {Maureen U. Okwu,, Mitsan Olley, Augustine O. Akpoka, Osazee E. Izevbuwa}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/MaureenOkwu2019.pdf}, doi = {10.3934/microbiol.2019.2.117}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-15}, pages = {22}, abstract = {The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. 118 AIMS Microbiology Volume 5, Issue 2, 117–137. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. 118 AIMS Microbiology Volume 5, Issue 2, 117–137. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants |
Augustine O. Akpoka Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley ; Izevbuwa, Osazee E Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review Journal Article 5 , pp. 117–137, 2019. @article{Akpoka2019, title = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review}, author = {Augustine O. Akpoka, Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley, and Osazee E. Izevbuwa}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maureen_Okwu2/publication/332763774_Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus_MRSA_and_anti-MRSA_activities_of_extracts_of_some_medicinal_plants_A_brief_review/links/5cc874dea6fdcc1d49bbbe83/Methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus-aureus-MRSA-and-anti-MRSA-activities-of-extracts-of-some-medicinal-plants-A-brief-review.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-15}, volume = {5}, pages = {117–137}, abstract = {Abstract: The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants |
Igweagu, Ifeanyi K SHIVERING DURING CAESAREAN DELIVERY UNDER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA: THE ROLE OF PETHIDINE ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE Journal Article 2019. @article{Igweagu2019, title = {SHIVERING DURING CAESAREAN DELIVERY UNDER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA: THE ROLE OF PETHIDINE ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE}, author = {Ifeanyi K. Igweagu}, url = {https://www.dissertation.npmcn.edu.ng/index.php/FMCA/article/view/102}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-01}, abstract = {Abstract BACKGROUND: Shivering is a common and quite distressing complication of spinal anaesthesia. It does interfere with patient monitoring and markedly increases the metabolic rate. Traditionally, shivering has been aborted with intravenous pethidine. Recently, the addition of pethidine to the local anaesthetic intrathecal injectate has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering without modifying the characteristics of the block but may increase opioid related side effects. RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS: The determinations of the dose of intrathecal opioids that will prevent shivering without showing opioid related side effects will improve patient’s safety. The efficacy of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to intrathecal bupivacaine injectate in ameliorating post spinal shivering was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Approval was sought and received from UBTH Research and Ethics Committee. A prehoc power analysis indicated the recruitment of 42 patients in each group to detect a 30% reduction in the incidence of shivering (α = 0.05, β = 0.2). A 5% attrition level was assumed and eighty-eight subjects were drawn from ASA 1 or 2 patients scheduled for elective caesarean delivery in UBTH, Benin City. Exclusion criteria included height <152cm or >183cm, weight >110kg, use of opioid analgesics in the past 24hours and presence of intercurrent illness. Following informed consent, they were randomized to receive a standardized spinal anaesthesia using 2.2mls of 0.5% bupivacaine to which was added either 0.1mg/kg of pethidine (Group P) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (Group S). The presence of shivering and its severity, core temperature and patients cold score, highest sensory dermatomal level of block and opioid related side effects and perioperative complications were recorded. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software (Chicago Illinois, USA). Demographic data was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Proportions of women that shivered was compared using Fisher’s exact test while the maximal intensity of shivering recorded for each patient is studied with Mann Whitney U-test. The relationship between minimal temperature and shivering, and cold scores and shivering were determined with Spearman Correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at a probability of 5%. All tests were two tailed. RESULTS: Eigthy-eight women were randomized to the pethidine group and saline group. There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics and the intraoperative clinical variables between the groups. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of shivering in the pethidine group [33% versus 71%; (p < 0.0009) Fisher’s exact test], the maximal intensity recorded for each patient [(p < 0.004) Mann Whitney U test]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of opioid related side effects and perioperative complications (p > 0.49). CONCLUSION: This study showed that addition of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine to the intrathecal bupivacaine reduces the incidence and severity of shivering significantly with a minimal side effect profile. SIGNIFIGANCE: This study provided data that suggest 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to the local anaesthetic spinal injectate significantly reduces the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering. This is important as patients will thus be spared the obnoxious effects of shivering and opioid related side effects. The present practice of aborting shivering when it has already occurred is obviously inferior. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract BACKGROUND: Shivering is a common and quite distressing complication of spinal anaesthesia. It does interfere with patient monitoring and markedly increases the metabolic rate. Traditionally, shivering has been aborted with intravenous pethidine. Recently, the addition of pethidine to the local anaesthetic intrathecal injectate has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering without modifying the characteristics of the block but may increase opioid related side effects. RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS: The determinations of the dose of intrathecal opioids that will prevent shivering without showing opioid related side effects will improve patient’s safety. The efficacy of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to intrathecal bupivacaine injectate in ameliorating post spinal shivering was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Approval was sought and received from UBTH Research and Ethics Committee. A prehoc power analysis indicated the recruitment of 42 patients in each group to detect a 30% reduction in the incidence of shivering (α = 0.05, β = 0.2). A 5% attrition level was assumed and eighty-eight subjects were drawn from ASA 1 or 2 patients scheduled for elective caesarean delivery in UBTH, Benin City. Exclusion criteria included height <152cm or >183cm, weight >110kg, use of opioid analgesics in the past 24hours and presence of intercurrent illness. Following informed consent, they were randomized to receive a standardized spinal anaesthesia using 2.2mls of 0.5% bupivacaine to which was added either 0.1mg/kg of pethidine (Group P) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (Group S). The presence of shivering and its severity, core temperature and patients cold score, highest sensory dermatomal level of block and opioid related side effects and perioperative complications were recorded. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software (Chicago Illinois, USA). Demographic data was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Proportions of women that shivered was compared using Fisher’s exact test while the maximal intensity of shivering recorded for each patient is studied with Mann Whitney U-test. The relationship between minimal temperature and shivering, and cold scores and shivering were determined with Spearman Correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at a probability of 5%. All tests were two tailed. RESULTS: Eigthy-eight women were randomized to the pethidine group and saline group. There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics and the intraoperative clinical variables between the groups. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of shivering in the pethidine group [33% versus 71%; (p < 0.0009) Fisher’s exact test], the maximal intensity recorded for each patient [(p < 0.004) Mann Whitney U test]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of opioid related side effects and perioperative complications (p > 0.49). CONCLUSION: This study showed that addition of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine to the intrathecal bupivacaine reduces the incidence and severity of shivering significantly with a minimal side effect profile. SIGNIFIGANCE: This study provided data that suggest 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to the local anaesthetic spinal injectate significantly reduces the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering. This is important as patients will thus be spared the obnoxious effects of shivering and opioid related side effects. The present practice of aborting shivering when it has already occurred is obviously inferior. |
Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N A; Adingwupu, ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC Journal Article Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences , pp. 358, 2019, ISBN: 345-358. @article{Itabor2019, title = {ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC}, author = {Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N.A and Adingwupu,}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Aliu-S.A-Onochie-U.P-Itabor-N.A-and-Adingwupu-A.C-ENERGY-AUDIT-OF-A-FLOUR-MILL-PLANT-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-CROWN-FLOUR-1.pdf}, isbn = {345-358}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-26}, journal = {Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences }, pages = {358}, abstract = {In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants. |
Odejimi Deborah Omotsefe, Edogiawerie Monday Nosa Microfinance Banks and Savings Mobilization: Case Study of ABC Microfinance Bank Okada, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) , 10 , pp. 7, 2019, ISSN: 2321-5933. @article{Omotsefe2019, title = {Microfinance Banks and Savings Mobilization: Case Study of ABC Microfinance Bank Okada, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Odejimi Deborah Omotsefe, Edogiawerie Monday Nosa}, url = {http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jef/papers/Vol10-Issue2/Series-1/H1002017177.pdf}, doi = {10.9790/5933-1002017177 }, issn = { 2321-5933}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-22}, journal = {Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) }, volume = {10}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Abstract:This paper presents field findings as to why microfinance banks in rural areas have not been able to mobilise savings or the use of bank services effectively. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources. The Chi-square and Pearson’s Correlation Matrix were used in the analyses of data. All the null hypotheses tested were rejected. The findings conclude that ABC Microfinance Bank has not been effective in mobilising savings from Okada community. Some of the factors that militated against the bank’s success were the individuals’ level of education, access to loan, incentives to encourage savings and others. It was recommended that the bank employs marketers to assist in the mobilization of savings from the community. The bureaucracies in obtaining loans should be relaxed so as to accommodate the uneducated and the poor. Government should consider reviewing deposit interest rate upward to encourage saving. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract:This paper presents field findings as to why microfinance banks in rural areas have not been able to mobilise savings or the use of bank services effectively. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources. The Chi-square and Pearson’s Correlation Matrix were used in the analyses of data. All the null hypotheses tested were rejected. The findings conclude that ABC Microfinance Bank has not been effective in mobilising savings from Okada community. Some of the factors that militated against the bank’s success were the individuals’ level of education, access to loan, incentives to encourage savings and others. It was recommended that the bank employs marketers to assist in the mobilization of savings from the community. The bureaucracies in obtaining loans should be relaxed so as to accommodate the uneducated and the poor. Government should consider reviewing deposit interest rate upward to encourage saving. |
Abiola Lateef Akinpelu Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article 2019. @article{Akinpelu2019b, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Abiola Lateef Akinpelu, Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin }, url = {http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7691}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.070102}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-08}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways |
Muritala Ayofe Adebayo Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article 7 , pp. 5-13, 2019. @article{Adebayo2019b, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Adesola Adedoyin }, url = {http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7691}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.070102 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-04}, volume = {7}, pages = {5-13}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways |
Akinpelu Lateef Abiola Aiyelero Oyeronke Medinat, Olawuni Idowu Julius Ogundepo Gbenga Emmanuel Olayiwola Gbola Anti-amnesic and Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, 2019. @article{Abiola2019b, title = {Anti-amnesic and Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Aiyelero Oyeronke Medinat, Olawuni Idowu Julius, Ogundepo Gbenga Emmanuel, Olayiwola Gbola}, doi = {10.13189/ijnbs.2019.070101 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-23}, journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science}, abstract = {Abstract Objective: We investigated the anti-amnesic and cognitive enhancing effects of the ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa in mice. Methodology: Amnesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) in Morris Water Maze; scopolamine (1mg/kg) on Y-maze test; scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) and diazepam (1mg/kg) on elevated plus maze. The effect of the extract on learning and memory of young and aged mice was also investigated on the elevated plus maze. The probable mechanism of cognitive enhancing effects of the extract was investigated using acetylcholinesterase enzyme and nitric oxide assays. Results: The extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated amnesia induced by scopolamine in Morris water maze; reversed amnesia induced by scopolamine and diazepam on elevated plus maze; increased spontaneous alternation behaviour without modifying locomotor activities on Y-maze test; inhibited natural age-induced learning and memory impairment of aged mice while the learning and memory of young mice were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced on elevated plus maze. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and increased nitric oxide concentration in the mice whole brain. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa may possess anti-amnesic and memory enhancing effects which may involve cholinergic and nitergic pathways. Keywords Milicia Excelsa, Amnesia, Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme, Nitric Oxide, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Objective: We investigated the anti-amnesic and cognitive enhancing effects of the ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa in mice. Methodology: Amnesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) in Morris Water Maze; scopolamine (1mg/kg) on Y-maze test; scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) and diazepam (1mg/kg) on elevated plus maze. The effect of the extract on learning and memory of young and aged mice was also investigated on the elevated plus maze. The probable mechanism of cognitive enhancing effects of the extract was investigated using acetylcholinesterase enzyme and nitric oxide assays. Results: The extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated amnesia induced by scopolamine in Morris water maze; reversed amnesia induced by scopolamine and diazepam on elevated plus maze; increased spontaneous alternation behaviour without modifying locomotor activities on Y-maze test; inhibited natural age-induced learning and memory impairment of aged mice while the learning and memory of young mice were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced on elevated plus maze. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and increased nitric oxide concentration in the mice whole brain. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa may possess anti-amnesic and memory enhancing effects which may involve cholinergic and nitergic pathways. Keywords Milicia Excelsa, Amnesia, Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme, Nitric Oxide, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze |
ODEJIMI, Deborah Omotsefe; OZOR, Patience Lilian Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? Journal Article European Journal of Business and Management , 11 (6), pp. 67, 2019, ISSN: 2222-2839. @article{ODEJIMI2019b, title = {Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? }, author = {Deborah Omotsefe ODEJIMI and Patience Lilian OZOR }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Deborah-Omotsefe-ODEJIMI-and-Patience-Lilian-OZOR-Can-Climate-Change-Affect-Agricultural-Output-in-Nigeria.pdf}, doi = {10.7176/EJBM }, issn = { 2222-2839}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-20}, journal = {European Journal of Business and Management }, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {67}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops |
Odejimi, Deborah Omotsefe GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 7 , pp. 691, 2019, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Odejimi2019, title = { GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Deborah Omotsefe Odejimi }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Odejimi-Deborah-Omotsefe-GENDER-BUDGETING-A-PANACEA-FOR-SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-IN-EDO-STATE-NIGERIA.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, volume = {7}, pages = {691}, abstract = {Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female. |
Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka, Osho Michael Olusoga The Impact of Manpower Development on Organizational Efficiency in National Inland Waterways Authority of Nigeria (NIWA) Journal Article International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Ethiopia, 8 (28), pp. 13, 2019, ISSN: 2227-5452. @article{Isiaka2019b, title = {The Impact of Manpower Development on Organizational Efficiency in National Inland Waterways Authority of Nigeria (NIWA)}, author = {Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka,Osho Michael Olusoga}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/03.pdf}, doi = { http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v8i1.10}, issn = { 2227-5452}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-15}, journal = {International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Ethiopia}, volume = {8}, number = {28}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The manpower deficiency in NIWA, an organization that requires the competence not only to run a profitable transport outfit but also regulate the activities of private operators using the Nigeria Inland Waterways, has been a source of concern to the government over the years more so that the organization is supposed to be a ‘cash cow’ to the Federal Government. This study focussed on the skill-gaps and how they impact on efficiency and specifically interrogated the relationship between staff development and job performance in NIWA. Survey method was used. Primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaire. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Chi Square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics were used in data analyses. Among the findings were significant relationship between skill-gaps and inefficiency and poor productivity among NIWA staff; and poor correlation between resources committed to staff development and staff productivity. Among the recommendations is that there should be mechanism for proper assessment of employee performance after training and such performance should be tied to their subsequent promotion on the job. Key Words: Manpower development, skill-gaps, human resources, performance, efficiency}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The manpower deficiency in NIWA, an organization that requires the competence not only to run a profitable transport outfit but also regulate the activities of private operators using the Nigeria Inland Waterways, has been a source of concern to the government over the years more so that the organization is supposed to be a ‘cash cow’ to the Federal Government. This study focussed on the skill-gaps and how they impact on efficiency and specifically interrogated the relationship between staff development and job performance in NIWA. Survey method was used. Primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaire. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Chi Square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics were used in data analyses. Among the findings were significant relationship between skill-gaps and inefficiency and poor productivity among NIWA staff; and poor correlation between resources committed to staff development and staff productivity. Among the recommendations is that there should be mechanism for proper assessment of employee performance after training and such performance should be tied to their subsequent promotion on the job. Key Words: Manpower development, skill-gaps, human resources, performance, efficiency |
Muritala Ayofe Adebayo Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Adebayo2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, doi = {10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-12}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents |
Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka, Ebomoyi Ikponmwosa Methodological Usefulness of Content Analysis in Social Science Research Journal Article International Association of African Researchers and Reviewer, 13 (59), pp. 10, 2019, ISSN: 1994-9057. @article{Isiaka2019, title = {Methodological Usefulness of Content Analysis in Social Science Research}, author = {Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka,Ebomoyi Ikponmwosa}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/01-2.pdf}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v1 3i1 .9}, issn = {1994-9057}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {International Association of African Researchers and Reviewer}, volume = {13}, number = {59}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The thrust of this paper was to crystallize the methodological value of content analysis as a tool in social science research. In order to achieve that, it sets out to do a conceptualization of content analysis and situate it within the operational rubrics common to other research designs. The various stages in content analysis notably the problem identification, selection and definition of units of analysis in content analysis were succinctly considered. The usefulness of the method was finally discussed and particularly its strength which rests in its ability to handle the areas of weaknesses and challenges of other sister methodological tools. Among such strengths unique to content analysis is the economy of time and money in the research process; its ability to effectively handle the situation of botched up data collection process in contrast to survey or field research; and the fact of its unobtrusive nature which is a major flaw of the rest methods. Key Words: Content analysis, methodological tool, social research, data collection, usefulness}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The thrust of this paper was to crystallize the methodological value of content analysis as a tool in social science research. In order to achieve that, it sets out to do a conceptualization of content analysis and situate it within the operational rubrics common to other research designs. The various stages in content analysis notably the problem identification, selection and definition of units of analysis in content analysis were succinctly considered. The usefulness of the method was finally discussed and particularly its strength which rests in its ability to handle the areas of weaknesses and challenges of other sister methodological tools. Among such strengths unique to content analysis is the economy of time and money in the research process; its ability to effectively handle the situation of botched up data collection process in contrast to survey or field research; and the fact of its unobtrusive nature which is a major flaw of the rest methods. Key Words: Content analysis, methodological tool, social research, data collection, usefulness |
Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Adedokun2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. |
Adedokun Adekanmi Oluwasegun Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Oluwasegun2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = { Adedokun Adekanmi Oluwasegun, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Akinpelu2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents |
2018 |
Erameh A.A., Orhorhoro E K Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), pp. 87, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{Erameh2018, title = {Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower }, author = {Erameh, A.A., Orhorhoro, E.K}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Erameh-A.A-Orhorhoro-E.K-Modal-Analysis-of-a-Wind-Turbine-Tower-A-Case-Study-of-University-of-Benin-Energy-Research-Centre-wind-Turbine.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-12}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR)}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. |
Lawrence I Ezemonye AlexA Enuneku, ; Ajieh, Mike Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa Journal Article 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018b, title = {Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa}, author = {Lawrence I Ezemonye, AlexA Enuneku, and Mike Ajieh}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2014_1_1_5.Drillingmud.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-11}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid |
Ighodaro Igbe Matthew Obaineh, Ojezelea Agbonlahor Okhuarobo Reproductive indices in malaria infested mice treated with antimalarials, Phyllanthus amarus combined with vitamins Journal Article 56 , pp. 179-184, 2018. @article{IghodaroIgbe2018, title = {Reproductive indices in malaria infested mice treated with antimalarials, Phyllanthus amarus combined with vitamins}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, Matthew Obaineh, Ojezelea, Agbonlahor Okhuarobo}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110093118300358}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-06}, volume = {56}, pages = {179-184}, abstract = {Abstract Malaria disease is caused by the plasmodium organism transmitted into humans by the female anopheles mosquito. The effect of chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllantus amarus alone or combined with vitamins A, B, C or K on male fertility indices has received no attention. Hence this study was designed to investigate the effect of chloroquine, artesunate or seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus with or without vitamins A, B, C or E on testosterone levels, sperm motility, morphology, viability and count in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Four days following inoculation of adult male mice with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were treated with artesunate, chloroquine or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract alone or in combination with vitamins A, B, C or E once daily. Thereafter the mice were sacrificed and semen was collected for the determination of sperm count, motility, morphology and viability and blood sample collected for the determination of serum testosterone level by standardized methods. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract with or without vitamins A, B, C or E caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum and semen testosterone levels in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract also caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motility and viability as well as significant (p < 0.05) restoration of sperm morphology in Plasmodium berghei infected mice compared to untreated Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results from our study suggest that vitamin supplement with antimalarial could enhance reproductive indices. Keywords Phyllanthus amarus, Chloroquine Artesunate Plasmodium berghei testosterone Sperm}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Malaria disease is caused by the plasmodium organism transmitted into humans by the female anopheles mosquito. The effect of chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllantus amarus alone or combined with vitamins A, B, C or K on male fertility indices has received no attention. Hence this study was designed to investigate the effect of chloroquine, artesunate or seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus with or without vitamins A, B, C or E on testosterone levels, sperm motility, morphology, viability and count in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Four days following inoculation of adult male mice with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were treated with artesunate, chloroquine or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract alone or in combination with vitamins A, B, C or E once daily. Thereafter the mice were sacrificed and semen was collected for the determination of sperm count, motility, morphology and viability and blood sample collected for the determination of serum testosterone level by standardized methods. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract with or without vitamins A, B, C or E caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum and semen testosterone levels in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract also caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motility and viability as well as significant (p < 0.05) restoration of sperm morphology in Plasmodium berghei infected mice compared to untreated Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results from our study suggest that vitamin supplement with antimalarial could enhance reproductive indices. Keywords Phyllanthus amarus, Chloroquine Artesunate Plasmodium berghei testosterone Sperm |
*Orhorhoro E.K Odinikuku, Salisu E W S Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). , pp. 39, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{E.K2018, title = {Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine}, author = {*Orhorhoro E.K, Odinikuku, E.W, Salisu, S }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Orhorhoro-E.K-OdinikukuE.WSalisu-S.-Performance-Evaluation-of-an-Improved-Roasted-Groundnut-Seeds.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). }, pages = {39}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries |
Alex Enuneku Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo Emmanuel Ogbomida Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Lawrence Ezemonye T Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article pp. 13, 2018. @article{Enuneku2018, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo, Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Lawrence Ezemonye, }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-15}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
tongo Lawrence Ezemonye Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi Ozekeke Ogbeide Isioma Emmanuel Ogbomida Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria . Journal Article pp. 224, 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018d, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria .}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Ozekeke Ogbeide, Isioma tongo, Emmanuel Ogbomida}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, doi = {10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-07}, pages = {224}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects Journal Article International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2018, ISSN: 2575-1832. @article{Okechukwu2018, title = {The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects }, author = {Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20180402.14%20(2).pdf}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20180402.14}, issn = {2575-1832}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-27}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research}, abstract = {Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area |
b c E.K. Orhorhoro a *, Orhorhoro Ikpe O W A E A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria Journal Article Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering, 13 (2), pp. 133, 2018, ISBN: 129-133. @article{aa2018, title = {A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria}, author = {E.K. Orhorhoro a,*, O.W. Orhorhoro b, A.E. Ikpe c}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/E.K.-Orhorhoro-O.W.-OrhorhoroA.E.-Ikpe-A-Study-of-Solar-Energy-Potential-in-Sapele-Nigeria-1.pdf}, isbn = { 129-133}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-13}, journal = {Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {133}, abstract = {In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Mechanism of Anticonvulsant Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International , 23 , pp. 1-11, 2018. @article{Akinpelu2018c, title = {Mechanism of Anticonvulsant Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/17723}, doi = {10.9734/JPRI/2018/42430}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-08}, journal = {Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International }, volume = {23}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Abstract Aims: This study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae). Study Design: This study used experimental animal models predictive of human convulsion in mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 and February 2015. Methodology: The anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract (EME), n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions of the extract was evaluated using picrotoxin-, pentylenetetrazole-, and strychnine-induced convulsion models. The neural mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of the most active fraction (AF) was also investigated using flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NG-Nitroarginine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion model. Results: EME and AF significantly (P < .05) delayed the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions and prolonged death latency with varying degrees of protection in picrotoxin-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion models. EME, EAF and AF significantly (P < .05) pronlonged the onset of clonic convulsion in strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. Flumazenil, cyproheptadine and L-NG-Nitroarginine abolished the anticonvulsant effect of AF suggesting the involvement of GABAergic, serotonergic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study concludes that Milicia excelsa leaf contains biologically active anticonvulsant principles, thus lending pharmacological credence to the suggested traditional use. Further study may be undertaken to isolate and elucidate the chemical structure of the biologically active ingredient(s) responsible for the observed anticonvulsant effect. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, anticonvulsant, nitergic, serotonergic, GABAergic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Aims: This study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae). Study Design: This study used experimental animal models predictive of human convulsion in mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 and February 2015. Methodology: The anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract (EME), n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions of the extract was evaluated using picrotoxin-, pentylenetetrazole-, and strychnine-induced convulsion models. The neural mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of the most active fraction (AF) was also investigated using flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NG-Nitroarginine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion model. Results: EME and AF significantly (P < .05) delayed the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions and prolonged death latency with varying degrees of protection in picrotoxin-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion models. EME, EAF and AF significantly (P < .05) pronlonged the onset of clonic convulsion in strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. Flumazenil, cyproheptadine and L-NG-Nitroarginine abolished the anticonvulsant effect of AF suggesting the involvement of GABAergic, serotonergic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study concludes that Milicia excelsa leaf contains biologically active anticonvulsant principles, thus lending pharmacological credence to the suggested traditional use. Further study may be undertaken to isolate and elucidate the chemical structure of the biologically active ingredient(s) responsible for the observed anticonvulsant effect. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, anticonvulsant, nitergic, serotonergic, GABAergic. |
ORHORHORO EK IKPE AE, UKWABA SI J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , pp. 1743, 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{EK2018, title = {Effects of Landfill Gas Flow Trajectories at Three Distinct Temperature Phases on the Stress-Strain-Displacement Properties of a Gas Extraction Pipe }, author = {ORHORHORO EK, IKPE AE, UKWABA, SI}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORHORHORO-EKIKPE-AEUKWABA-SI-Effects-of-Landfill-Gas-Flow-Trajectories-at-Three-Distinct-Temperature-Phases-on-the-Stress-Strain-Displacement-Properties-of-a-Gas-Extraction-Pipe-Copy.pdf}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i11.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-07}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, pages = {1743}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. |
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo Ighodaro Igbe, Abdulmajid Yahaya Zakariya Sule Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents Journal Article pp. 10, 2018. @article{Okhuarobo2018, title = {Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents}, author = {Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, Ighodaro Igbe,Abdulmajid, Yahaya,Zakariya Sule }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Agbonlahor-Okhuarobo-Ighodaro-Igbe-Abdulmajid-Yahaya-and-Zakariya-Sule-Effect-of-caffeine-on-alcohol-consumption-and-alcohol-induced-conditioned-place-preference-in-rodents.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-13}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation. |
rd Lawrence ezemonye, Richa Olaniyan A; himika Ifidon, E A Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance? Journal Article 2018, ISBN: (13): 978-1-5275-0363-2. @article{ezemonyeezemonye2018, title = {Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance?}, author = {Lawrence ezemonye, Richa rd A. Olaniyan and E himika A. Ifidon}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/E.A.IfidonTheOAUAUandtheResponsetoConflict-De-LinkingDomesticJurisdictionandtheCapacitytoIntervene.pdf}, isbn = {(13): 978-1-5275-0363-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-16}, abstract = {Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations. |
Rosemary Ngozi Osunde Sarah Iyoefo Iyalomhe, Samuel Esiemokhai Iyalomhe Ifeanyi Godwin Nwadike Godfrey Bolade Samuel Iyalomhe Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in a Resource – Poor Environment in Nigeria Journal Article International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, pp. 8, 2018, ISSN: 2327-2716. @article{Osunde2018, title = {Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in a Resource – Poor Environment in Nigeria }, author = {Rosemary Ngozi Osunde,Sarah Iyoefo Iyalomhe,Samuel Esiemokhai Iyalomhe, Ifeanyi Godwin Nwadike, Godfrey Bolade Samuel Iyalomhe}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20180704.12.pdf}, doi = { 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180704.12}, issn = {2327-2716}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-07}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences}, pages = {8}, abstract = { Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of Nigerian adolescents by determining the dietary habits and the nutritional status of adolescents using anthropometry. The cross-sectional descriptive study engaged 400 adolescents aged 10 - 19 years in four secondary schools in Ekpoma using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Height (m2 ) and weight (kg) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed to assess underweight, normal weight, over-weight or obesity. SPSS was used to analyse data. Important factors affecting dietary habits include parental influence (87%), taste of food (71%), mass media reports (61%) and culture (55%). Percentages of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents were 24%, 72%, 3% and 1%, respectively. There was significant association between BMI and monthly household income, p<0.002. There were no significant gender differences. In contrast to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, this study has demonstrated that under-nutrition is a challenge in this environment. Intensified nutritional education, provision of adequate healthy diets and motivational strategies are imperatives to prevent malnutrition and its related health consequences in this adolescent population – tomorrow’s adults. Keywords: Adolescents, Dietary Habits, Nutritional Status, Anthropometry, Nigeria }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of Nigerian adolescents by determining the dietary habits and the nutritional status of adolescents using anthropometry. The cross-sectional descriptive study engaged 400 adolescents aged 10 - 19 years in four secondary schools in Ekpoma using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Height (m2 ) and weight (kg) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed to assess underweight, normal weight, over-weight or obesity. SPSS was used to analyse data. Important factors affecting dietary habits include parental influence (87%), taste of food (71%), mass media reports (61%) and culture (55%). Percentages of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents were 24%, 72%, 3% and 1%, respectively. There was significant association between BMI and monthly household income, p<0.002. There were no significant gender differences. In contrast to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, this study has demonstrated that under-nutrition is a challenge in this environment. Intensified nutritional education, provision of adequate healthy diets and motivational strategies are imperatives to prevent malnutrition and its related health consequences in this adolescent population – tomorrow’s adults. Keywords: Adolescents, Dietary Habits, Nutritional Status, Anthropometry, Nigeria |
J. O. Oyejide1 K. E. Orhorhoro2, Afoegba S C; Olaye, M DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 37 (3), pp. 662, 2018, ISSN: 0331-8443. @article{Oyejide12018, title = {DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE}, author = {J. O. Oyejide1, K. E. Orhorhoro2,, S. C. Afoegba and M. Olaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/J.-O.-Oyejide-K.-E.-Orhorhoro-S.-C.-Afoegba-and-M.-Olaye-DESIGN-AND-FABRICATION-OF-AN-IMPROVED-PLANTAIN-PROCESSING-MACHINE.pdf}, issn = {0331-8443}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH)}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {662}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article pp. 10, 2018, ISSN: 2456-9119. @article{Akinpelu2018, title = {Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Lateef-Abiola-AkinpeluMoses-Atanda-AkanmuEfere-Martins-Obuotor-Antipsychotic-effects-of-ethanol-leaf-extract-and-fractions-of-miliciamoraceae-in-mice.pdf}, issn = {2456-9119}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-29}, pages = {10}, abstract = {This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article 22 , pp. 1-10, 2018. @article{Akinpelu2018b, title = {Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/19204}, doi = {10.9734/JPRI/2018/42383}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-29}, volume = {22}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Abstract Aim: This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. Study Design: This study used experimental mice models predictive of human psychosis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The antipsychotic effect was assessed using swim-induced grooming; apomorphine-induced climbing and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion behaviours in mice. Results: The results showed that the LD50 of the ethanol extract and its various fractions were greater than 5000 mg/kg. EME and all its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of grooming while the duration of grooming was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in swim-induced grooming. EME and EAF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited climbing behaviour in apomorphine-induced climbing. EME and all the fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the hypermotility induced by ketamine while the number of ataxia was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, with AF producing a stronger ataxia reducing effect compared to haloperidol, a reference antipsychotic drug. EME and EAF showed consistent antipsychotic activities in all the models used. Conclusion: This study concludes that EME and all its fractions may be safe and contain antipsychotic principles, thus, providing scientific evidence for the suggested ethnomedicinal use of the leaf in treating insanity in traditional medicine. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, antipsychotic, swim-induced grooming, apomorphine, ketamine}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Aim: This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. Study Design: This study used experimental mice models predictive of human psychosis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The antipsychotic effect was assessed using swim-induced grooming; apomorphine-induced climbing and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion behaviours in mice. Results: The results showed that the LD50 of the ethanol extract and its various fractions were greater than 5000 mg/kg. EME and all its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of grooming while the duration of grooming was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in swim-induced grooming. EME and EAF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited climbing behaviour in apomorphine-induced climbing. EME and all the fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the hypermotility induced by ketamine while the number of ataxia was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, with AF producing a stronger ataxia reducing effect compared to haloperidol, a reference antipsychotic drug. EME and EAF showed consistent antipsychotic activities in all the models used. Conclusion: This study concludes that EME and all its fractions may be safe and contain antipsychotic principles, thus, providing scientific evidence for the suggested ethnomedicinal use of the leaf in treating insanity in traditional medicine. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, antipsychotic, swim-induced grooming, apomorphine, ketamine |
Osaremwinda Omorogiuwa, Stella Chinyere Chiemeke Modelling a Policy Role Based Access Control Mechanism for Task Delegation in a Nomadic Environment Journal Article International Journal of Computer, 29 (1), pp. 119-131, 2018. @article{Omorogiuwa2018, title = {Modelling a Policy Role Based Access Control Mechanism for Task Delegation in a Nomadic Environment}, author = {Osaremwinda Omorogiuwa, Stella Chinyere Chiemeke}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Osaremwinda_Omorogiuwa/publication/324831993_Modelling_a_Policy_Role_Based_Access_Control_Mechanism_for_Task_Delegation_in_a_Nomadic_Environment/links/5ae651a3a6fdcc3bea977c77/Modelling-a-Policy-Role-Based-Access-Control-Mechanism-for-Task-Delegation-in-a-Nomadic-Environment.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-09}, journal = {International Journal of Computer}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {119-131}, abstract = {Abstract Nomadic environments are governed by standard principles and lay down rules that should be followed to enable it meet set aim and objectives. More recently, nomadic environments have virtually employed the use of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Mechanisms to proffer access control solutions to role assignments which ordinarily would have be accomplished manually. In modelling systems for users in a nomadic environment, most RBAC mechanisms does not effectively consider the security lapses related to human to human task delegation. To avert this lapses, during system modelling and design, there is the need for software developers to consciously put into consideration the inclusion of organizational policy rules guiding role assignment and task delegation in a secured manner. Failure to do so, may create usability and security issues resulting from a delegatee abusing his privileges in performing other tasks of the delegator. This paper is therefore aimed at using mathematical and algorithmic methods to model a policy based approach in implementing the Role Based Access Control mechanism for users in a nomadic environment. With this approach, task delegation can be implemented in a usable and secured manner. Keywords: Nomadic Environment; Policy Based RBAC; Algorithms; Tasks; Delegation; Mathematical Modelling.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Nomadic environments are governed by standard principles and lay down rules that should be followed to enable it meet set aim and objectives. More recently, nomadic environments have virtually employed the use of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Mechanisms to proffer access control solutions to role assignments which ordinarily would have be accomplished manually. In modelling systems for users in a nomadic environment, most RBAC mechanisms does not effectively consider the security lapses related to human to human task delegation. To avert this lapses, during system modelling and design, there is the need for software developers to consciously put into consideration the inclusion of organizational policy rules guiding role assignment and task delegation in a secured manner. Failure to do so, may create usability and security issues resulting from a delegatee abusing his privileges in performing other tasks of the delegator. This paper is therefore aimed at using mathematical and algorithmic methods to model a policy based approach in implementing the Role Based Access Control mechanism for users in a nomadic environment. With this approach, task delegation can be implemented in a usable and secured manner. Keywords: Nomadic Environment; Policy Based RBAC; Algorithms; Tasks; Delegation; Mathematical Modelling. |
Odoemelam, Chinedu C PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA Journal Article The Nigerian Journal of Communication, 15 (1), 2018. @article{Chris2018, title = {PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Predictors-of-Communicating-Research-Findings-among-Mass-Communication-Lecturers-in-Select-Universities-in-Nigeria.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {The Nigerian Journal of Communication}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, abstract = {In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars |
OYEJIDE JO ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation Journal Article J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{JO2019, title = {Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation}, author = {OYEJIDE JO, ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OYEJIDE-JOORHORHORO-EK-SALISU-S.-Analysis-and-Performance-Evaluation-of-Microbial-Fuel-Cells-for-Electricity-Generation.pdf}, doi = { https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i7.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-29}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. |
Emmanuel T Ogbomida Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam Balazs Oroszlany Isioma Tongo Alex Enuneku Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Martins Ainerua Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye Hazuki Mizukawa Yoshinori Ikenaka Mayumi Ishizuka Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City Journal Article 2018. @article{Ogbomida2018, title = {Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City}, author = {Emmanuel T Ogbomida ,Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Balazs Oroszlany, Isioma Tongo, Alex Enuneku, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Martins Ainerua, Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie, Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye, Hazuki Mizukawa, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Mayumi Ishizuka }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323143528_Accumulation_patterns_and_risk_assessment_of_metals_and_metalloid_in_muscle_and_offal_of_free-range_chickens_cattle_and_goat_in_Benin_City}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-08}, abstract = {The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items. |
Stella Usifoh Folajole Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal Article 11 , 2018. @article{Folajole2018, title = {Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria.}, author = {Stella Usifoh Folajole, Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili, Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro}, url = {http://www.ijopp.org/sites/default/files/ijopp-11-7.pdf}, doi = {10.5530/ijopp.11.1.3}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-16}, volume = {11}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting. |
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