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Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects Journal Article International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2019, ISSN: 2575-1832. @article{Okechukwu2019, title = {The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects }, author = {Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata }, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20180402.14.pdf}, doi = { 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20180402.14}, issn = { 2575-1832}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-27}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research}, abstract = {Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area |
Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , 2019. @article{OLADIPUPO2019, title = { INDIRECT TAXES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA}, author = {Adesina Olugoke OLADIPUPO, Peter Okeguale IBADIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Adesina-Olugoke-OLADIPUPO-Peter-Okeguale-IBADIN-INDIRECT-TAXES-AND-INFRASTRUCTURAL-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study examines the impact of taxation on the infrastructural development in Nigeria. Using the OLS multiple regression analysis we examine the relationships between the major components of tax revenue in Nigeria and Nigeria’s infrastructural development. The positive and significant relationships between the infrastructural development and some tax revenue components indicate that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively the infrastructural development in Nigeria. |
AKHOR Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO Olugbenga Uke THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 87, 2019. @article{AKHOR2019, title = { THE IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE}, author = {AKHOR, Sadiq Oshoke, EKUNDAYO, Olugbenga Uke}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AKHOR-Sadiq-Oshoke-EKUNDAYO-Olugbenga-Uke-THE-IMPACT-OF-INDIRECT-TAX-REVENUE-ON-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-THE-NIGERIA-EXPERIENCE.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {87}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of indirect tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. The study uses value added tax revenue and custom and excise duty revenue as independent variables and economic growth was proxy with real gross domestic product as the dependent variable. The study employ secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period covering 1993 to 2013 for the empirical analysis using the convenient sampling techniques. The research design is time series and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, cointegration test and error correction model regression. The result revealed that value added tax had a negative and significant impact on real gross domestic product. In the same vein, past custom and excise duty had a negative and weakly significant impact on real gross domestic product. The Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) coefficient had a correct negative and statistically significant sign. This shows that short-run deviation can be quickly corrected. The Durbin-Watson positive value indicates the absence of autocorrelation in the model. The study therefore recommended that tax administrative loopholes should be plugged for tax revenue to contribute immensely to the development of the economy since past value added tax and custom and excise duty had a significant impact on economic growth. |
AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , pp. 173, 2019. @article{Claire2019, title = { FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR}, author = {AMAKE Chinwe Claire, IKHATUA Ohiorenuan Jude}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AMAKE-Chinwe-Claire-IKHATUA-Ohiorenuan-Jude-FORENSIC-ACCOUNTING-AND-FRAUD-DETECTION-IN-NIGERIAN-PUBLIC-SECTOR.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, pages = {173}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This paper has been carried out to empirically examine the significant difference between forensic Accounting and fraud detection in the Nigerian public sector. A research survey design was used for the purpose of this paper with a sample size of one hundred (100) respondents which comprises of auditors and accountants of four (4) ministries selected from Edo state in Nigeria. The statistical tool used to test the hypotheses was Analysis of variance, (ANOVA). From our findings we found out that the application of forensic accounting in Nigeria’s public sector is effective in detecting fraud, there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and litigation support service in Nigeria’s court and lastly the application of forensic accounting in the public sector is effective in preventing fraud. We therefore recommended that the public sector should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and initiate effective and efficient internal check, they should adopt a sound accounting system in principal and effective practices, forensic accountant should acquire proper training on forensic accounting skills and procedures and officials in the public sector should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness, accountability as a moral duty to reduce the level of fraud. |
Bardi, Augustine Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture Journal Article Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada, 2 , pp. 168, 2019. @article{Bardi2019, title = {Letters as Symbolic Forms for Façade and interior Decoration in Corporate and Domestic Architecture}, author = {Augustine Bardi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Augustine-BardiLetters-as-Symbolic-Forms-for-Façade-and-interior-Decoration-in-Corporate-and-Domestic-Architecture.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University Okada}, volume = {2}, pages = {168}, abstract = {Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study focuses on the uses of letters and forms for exterior and interior decoration. There is an emphasis on the period when art was first introduced to Africa and to Nigeria in particular by the missionaries. The researcher pinpointed the advantages of art profession in the development of the European civilization and concluded that the acceptance of art in Nigeria most especially in schools never got the highest regard particularly among parents. This is probably because its long run advantages were not clearly spelt out to the society at the inception. However, the art profession suffered numerous setbacks as few talented people are presently found embracing its popularity after many years of neglect. The art to the artists remains a function to be researched before execution, and once successfully realized, it becomes a piece to be adorned and ever cherished. |
P.O. Ebunilo E.K. Orhorhoro, M.Chukwudi C; Essienubong, I A Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS, 1 (1), pp. 17, 2019. @article{Ebunilo2019, title = {Performance Evaluation of Biomass Briquette from Elephant and Spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {P.O. Ebunilo, E.K. Orhorhoro, C. M.Chukwudi and I.A Essienubong}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-Ebunilo-E.K.-Orhorhoro-C.-M.Chukwudi-and-I.A-Essienubong-Performance-Evaluation-of-Biomass-Briquette-from-Elephant-and-Spear-grass-in-Benin-City-Edo-State.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract—This research work is aimed at the performance evaluation of biomass briquette from elephant and spear grass in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The grasses were dried, pulverized and compressed by the briquetting machine to produce the briquettes. The performance evaluation shown that elephant and spear grass briquettes had a good compressive strength between 2.0N/mm2 and 1.2N/mm2; ash content (5.18% and 6.13%) and calorific values (15013.9KJ/Kg and 15990.0KJ/Kg) respectively. The briquettes produced when burnt have low ash content. Therefore, if biomass briquetting is fully harnessed, it will curb the energy crises in Nigeria and the same time creates employment opportunities from briquette sales. |
Ighodaro Igbe Gerald Ikechi Eze, ; Ojameruaye, Oghenekevwe Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae) Journal Article pp. 82, 2019. @article{Igbe2019, title = {Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae)}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe , Gerald Ikechi Eze, and Oghenekevwe Ojameruaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ighodaro-Igbe-Anti-inflammatory-and-Analgesic-Effects-of-the-Methanol-Stem-Bark-Extract-of-Brachystegia-eurycoma-Harms-Fabaceae.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/EJMP/2012/1599}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, peptic ulcers, piles, yaws, dysmenorrhea, fevers, infertility, and helminthic infections. The present study investigated the in vivo sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata (H. umbellata). Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of H. umbellata extract, for 28 days to the rats. Anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were assessed using standard procedures. There were significant reductions (p<0.01) in the pattern of weight gain in 200 and 400 mg/kg H. umbellata -treated rats but no significant differences in the organ weight index between control and treated animals. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups but there was significant (p<0.05) thrombocytosis. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. H. umbellata led to activation of the reticulo endothelial tissue of the spleen as evidenced by proliferation of the sinus histocytes and activation of the lymphoid aggregates in the lungs, indicating activation of the local immune system of the lungs. H. umbellata fruit pulp is relatively nontoxic in animals but there is increased tendency to cause thrombocytosis on prolonged use. |
Ikpe Aniekan E Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software Journal Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET, 3 (2), pp. 60, 2019. @article{E2019, title = {Engineering Material Selection for Automotive Exhaust Systems Using CES Software}, author = {Ikpe Aniekan E, Orhorhoro Ejiroghene Kelly, Gobir Abdulsamad}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ikpe-Aniekan-EOrhorhoro-Ejiroghene-Kelly-Gobir-Abdulsamad-Engineering-Material-Selection-for-Automotive-Exhaust-Systems-Using-CES-Software.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-05}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES-IJET}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract-This report reviews the automotive exhaust system with respect to its in-service conditions and selection of suitable materials for exhaust manifold, downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe which comprises the exhaust system. The functions of each component were discussed, highlighting how they function as part of the exhaust and Cambridge Engineering Software (CES) software was employed in the material selection process. Mass, cost, high temperature (>800oC for exhaust manifold and >400oC for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe) and high corrosion resistance were used as basic criteria for the material selection. Variety of materials including Nickel-based superalloys, stainless steel, Nickelchromium alloys were obtained in the material selection route for exhaust manifold. Similarly, low alloy steels, stainless steel, grey cast iron, Nickel-based superalloys, Nickel-chromium alloys were obtained in the material selection for downpipe silencer/ muffler box and tail pipe. Nickel-based superalloys and Nickel-chromium alloys possess suitable properties for this application, but were not considered due to their high densities and high cost. Low allow steels were not selected because they tends to exhibits poor corrosion resistance when exposed to salt on the road surface and condensate from the exhaust system. Grey cast iron has low tensile strength and elongation and therefore not exhibit enough toughness required to withstand the severe working conditions. However, stainless steel (Ferritic stainless steel and Austenitic stainless steel) was considered as a better choice of material for automotive exhaust systems due to its considerable price and density, acceptable strength at elevated temperatures and excellent corrosion resistant it possesses as a result of the protective film of chromium oxide which forms on the surface of the metal |
Nkadi Francis Nwachokor Obiora Jude Uchendu, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone Suicide in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria: An autopsy study Journal Article 10 , pp. 16-19, 2019. @article{Nwachokor2019, title = {Suicide in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria: An autopsy study}, author = {Nkadi Francis Nwachokor, Obiora Jude Uchendu, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, }, url = {http://www.atpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2251-0060;year=2019;volume=10;issue=1;spage=16;epage=19;aulast=Uchendu}, doi = {10.4103/atp.atp_44_18}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-14}, volume = {10}, pages = {16-19}, abstract = { Abstract Background: Suicide is a neglected public health problem in our environment. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic pattern of suicide cases with respect to sex, age, method, and place. Design: This is a 14½-year descriptive retrospective study of suicide cases reported to the coroner of Delta State, arising from Warri and its environs and subjected to postmortem examination by the authors. Materials and Methods: Information on age, sex, place of death, and method used was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A total of 21 confirmed cases of suicide were analyzed consisting of 16 (76%) males and 5 (24%) females. The age range of the victims is from 9 to 65 years, with 15 (71.4%) of cases in the 2nd to 4th decades. Hanging, poisoning, and firearm were the methods used in 17 (80.95%), 3 (14.29%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. The scene of the suicide included the deceased's home, bush, workplace, and police custody in 16 (76.2%), 2 (9.5%), 2 (9.5%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that suicide is a relatively rare problem, affecting mainly young males. The preferred place is usually the victim's homes. Hanging is the preferred method by males. There is a need to improve the welfare and mental health care of young people in the society as well as restrict the sales of poisoning through government policy in the country. Keywords: Autopsy, hanging, suicide}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background: Suicide is a neglected public health problem in our environment. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic pattern of suicide cases with respect to sex, age, method, and place. Design: This is a 14½-year descriptive retrospective study of suicide cases reported to the coroner of Delta State, arising from Warri and its environs and subjected to postmortem examination by the authors. Materials and Methods: Information on age, sex, place of death, and method used was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A total of 21 confirmed cases of suicide were analyzed consisting of 16 (76%) males and 5 (24%) females. The age range of the victims is from 9 to 65 years, with 15 (71.4%) of cases in the 2nd to 4th decades. Hanging, poisoning, and firearm were the methods used in 17 (80.95%), 3 (14.29%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. The scene of the suicide included the deceased's home, bush, workplace, and police custody in 16 (76.2%), 2 (9.5%), 2 (9.5%), and 1 (4.8%) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that suicide is a relatively rare problem, affecting mainly young males. The preferred place is usually the victim's homes. Hanging is the preferred method by males. There is a need to improve the welfare and mental health care of young people in the society as well as restrict the sales of poisoning through government policy in the country. Keywords: Autopsy, hanging, suicide |
Nkadi Francis Nwachokor Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, Obiora Jude Uchendu Pattern of unnatural death among females in niger delta: A retrospective medicolegal study Journal Article 10 (1), pp. 6-10, 2019. @article{Nwachokor2019b, title = {Pattern of unnatural death among females in niger delta: A retrospective medicolegal study}, author = {Nkadi Francis Nwachokor, Eseroghene Arthur Ijomone, Obiora Jude Uchendu, }, url = {http://www.atpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2251-0060;year=2019;volume=10;issue=1;spage=6;epage=10;aulast=Ijomone}, doi = {10.4103/atp.atp_54_18}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-14}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {6-10}, abstract = {Abstract Background: Unnatural death among women is rarely emphasized but an important public health index of the community and society. Objective: The objective is to study the epidemiologic profile of unnatural death among females using autopsy data. Design: This is a 14-year descriptive retrospective study of all female unnatural death victims within Warri and its neighboring communities subjected to medicolegal autopsy. Materials and Methods: Information on age as well as manner and method of death were extracted from the autopsy report of the cases and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: Ninety-six females were examined in this study, representing 9.9% of the 975 medicolegal performed and 11.4% of the 805 unnatural deaths encountered during the study period. The age range is 1–70 years and the mean age is 29.82 years. These cases represent a mean annual incidence of about seven cases. The peak incidence of unnatural death occurred in the third decade (27.1%), followed by the fourth (19.8%) and fifth (15.6%) decades, respectively. The peak incidence for homicide and accidental deaths is in the third and fourth decades, respectively. Firearm-related death is the leading method of homicide accounting for 24 (53.3%) of the 45 homicide deaths. The use of blunt and sharp weapons each accounts for 10 (22.2%) of the cases. Road traffic accident (RTA) accounts for 28 cases, representing 59.6% of accidental deaths and 29.1% of unnatural deaths. Burns and drowning are the second and third leading causes of accidental death accounting for 11 (23.4%) and 3 (6.4%) of the accidental deaths. Four cases of suicide were encountered with three deaths as a result of ingestion of chemical poisons, while the fourth case was by hanging using rope. Conclusion: The study showed that unnatural deaths in women are mainly accidental, homicidal, and suicidal representing 49.0%, 46.0%, and 4.2% of the cases respectively. RTA, burns, drowning, and poisoning (in descending order) are the major causes of accidental deaths. Firearm, sharp, and blunt injuries (in descending order) are the major methods of executing homicides. The peak age for unnatural death is in the third decade with 75% of the death clustering within the 2nd–4th decade. Education, accident consciousness, parental supervision, and implementation of appropriate policy measures are paramount to reducing such death. Keywords: Accident, firearm, homicide, injuries, suicide, unnatural death }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background: Unnatural death among women is rarely emphasized but an important public health index of the community and society. Objective: The objective is to study the epidemiologic profile of unnatural death among females using autopsy data. Design: This is a 14-year descriptive retrospective study of all female unnatural death victims within Warri and its neighboring communities subjected to medicolegal autopsy. Materials and Methods: Information on age as well as manner and method of death were extracted from the autopsy report of the cases and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: Ninety-six females were examined in this study, representing 9.9% of the 975 medicolegal performed and 11.4% of the 805 unnatural deaths encountered during the study period. The age range is 1–70 years and the mean age is 29.82 years. These cases represent a mean annual incidence of about seven cases. The peak incidence of unnatural death occurred in the third decade (27.1%), followed by the fourth (19.8%) and fifth (15.6%) decades, respectively. The peak incidence for homicide and accidental deaths is in the third and fourth decades, respectively. Firearm-related death is the leading method of homicide accounting for 24 (53.3%) of the 45 homicide deaths. The use of blunt and sharp weapons each accounts for 10 (22.2%) of the cases. Road traffic accident (RTA) accounts for 28 cases, representing 59.6% of accidental deaths and 29.1% of unnatural deaths. Burns and drowning are the second and third leading causes of accidental death accounting for 11 (23.4%) and 3 (6.4%) of the accidental deaths. Four cases of suicide were encountered with three deaths as a result of ingestion of chemical poisons, while the fourth case was by hanging using rope. Conclusion: The study showed that unnatural deaths in women are mainly accidental, homicidal, and suicidal representing 49.0%, 46.0%, and 4.2% of the cases respectively. RTA, burns, drowning, and poisoning (in descending order) are the major causes of accidental deaths. Firearm, sharp, and blunt injuries (in descending order) are the major methods of executing homicides. The peak age for unnatural death is in the third decade with 75% of the death clustering within the 2nd–4th decade. Education, accident consciousness, parental supervision, and implementation of appropriate policy measures are paramount to reducing such death. Keywords: Accident, firearm, homicide, injuries, suicide, unnatural death |
Akinpelu Lateef Abiola Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article pp. 9, 2019. @article{Abiola2019, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Akinpelu Lateef Abiola,Adebayo Muritala Ayofe,Adesola Adedoyin}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Documents/New%20doc/Akinpelu%20Lateef%20Abiola,Adebayo%20Muritala%20Ayofe,Adesola%20Adedoyin%20%20%20%20Neurobehaviuor%20mechanism%20of%20antidepressant%20effect%20of%20methanol%20stem%20bark%20extract%20of%20adansonia%20%20digitata%7Blinn%7D%20in%20tail%20suspension%20test%20in%20mice.pdf}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.0701 02}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-13}, pages = {9}, abstract = {An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. |
OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK & GUIAWA MATHURIN I MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS Journal Article International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology, 2 , pp. 197, 2019, ISSN: 2321-8843. @article{J2019, title = {MOBILE BROADBAND SPEED AND DATA VOLUME ANALYSIS}, author = {OFUSORI TEMIDAYO J, UKAGU STEPHEN N, EZOMO PATRICK I & GUIAWA MATHURIN}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OFUSORI-TEMIDAYO-J-UKAGU-STEPHEN-N-EZOMO-PATRICK-I-GUIAWA-MATHURINE-MOBILE-BROADBAND-SPEED-AND-DATA-VOLUME-ANALYSIS-Engr-Ofusori-Temidayo.pdf}, issn = {2321-8843}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-05}, journal = {International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology}, volume = {2}, pages = {197}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This work carries out mobile broadband speed and data volume analysis of three GSM service providers (MTN, GLO and AIRTEL) in Okada, Edo State of Nigeria. The download and upload speeds as well as the data volume were investigated under certain conditions. The modems for the three different GSM Networks were made available while a software (NETWORX) was used to monitor the traffic. The data and graphical representation of each of the service provider’s speed and data volume was presented over a period of time. A critical analysis of the data and graphs showed that MTN network provides better service irrespective of the condition followed by GLOBACOM and AIRTEL networks in Okada town. |
Maureen U. Okwu Akpoka Augustine Obhioze, Imade Odaro Stanley Solanke Ezekiel Olatoye THE PREVALENCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS RECOVEREDFROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD FROM RESTAURANTS IN OKADA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA Journal Article 2 (2), pp. 4, 2019. @article{Okwu2019b, title = {THE PREVALENCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS RECOVEREDFROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD FROM RESTAURANTS IN OKADA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Maureen U. Okwu,Akpoka Augustine Obhioze, Imade Odaro Stanley,Solanke Ezekiel Olatoye}, url = {https://office.scicell.org/index.php/BE/article/view/6/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-23}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {4}, abstract = {This study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat cooked food and their contact surfaces in selected restaurants in the university town of Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Microbialanalysis was carried outonthe samples obtained fromsix restaurants. The restaurants sampled were the ones with the highest patronagewithin the studyarea. The resultsobtained indicated that most of the ready-to-eat food did not meetthe required quality standards,andtherefore,posedpotential risks of foodborne infections to consumers. Exposure assessment wasusedto evaluate the level of hygiene practices in theselectedrestaurantswith results indicating poor hygiene practice. Theorganisms isolated from the ready-to-eat cooked foods in the restaurants and their prevalence were,Bacillusspecies (12.50%), Enterobacterspecies(50.00%), Streptococcusspecies(12.50%), Micrococcusspecies(12.50%)andStaphylococcusaureus(12.50%), from the food contact surfaces (Hands of ready-to-eat food servers)were,Enterobacterspecies (36.36%), Streptococcus(9.09%), Micrococcus(9.09%) Staphylococcus (45.46%) andready-to-use serving plates(Streptococcus(33.33%)and Enterobactersp.(50%). Haemolysistestwas employed as a phenotypic marker of pathogenicity forStaphylococcusaureusandStreptococcussp. The prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the ready-to-eat food were Streptococcussp. (9.09%) and Staphylococcussp. (45.46%) and that of the one isolated from the serving plate was Streptococcussp. (33.33%).Keywords:Microbial quality, Prevalence, Foodborne pathogens, Food poisoning, Food intoxication,Food contamination,Public Health, ready-to-eat food, Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat cooked food and their contact surfaces in selected restaurants in the university town of Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Microbialanalysis was carried outonthe samples obtained fromsix restaurants. The restaurants sampled were the ones with the highest patronagewithin the studyarea. The resultsobtained indicated that most of the ready-to-eat food did not meetthe required quality standards,andtherefore,posedpotential risks of foodborne infections to consumers. Exposure assessment wasusedto evaluate the level of hygiene practices in theselectedrestaurantswith results indicating poor hygiene practice. Theorganisms isolated from the ready-to-eat cooked foods in the restaurants and their prevalence were,Bacillusspecies (12.50%), Enterobacterspecies(50.00%), Streptococcusspecies(12.50%), Micrococcusspecies(12.50%)andStaphylococcusaureus(12.50%), from the food contact surfaces (Hands of ready-to-eat food servers)were,Enterobacterspecies (36.36%), Streptococcus(9.09%), Micrococcus(9.09%) Staphylococcus (45.46%) andready-to-use serving plates(Streptococcus(33.33%)and Enterobactersp.(50%). Haemolysistestwas employed as a phenotypic marker of pathogenicity forStaphylococcusaureusandStreptococcussp. The prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the ready-to-eat food were Streptococcussp. (9.09%) and Staphylococcussp. (45.46%) and that of the one isolated from the serving plate was Streptococcussp. (33.33%).Keywords:Microbial quality, Prevalence, Foodborne pathogens, Food poisoning, Food intoxication,Food contamination,Public Health, ready-to-eat food, Nigeria. |
Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley Augustine Akpoka Osazee Izevbuwa O E Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review Journal Article pp. 22, 2019. @article{Okwu2019, title = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review}, author = {Maureen U. Okwu,, Mitsan Olley, Augustine O. Akpoka, Osazee E. Izevbuwa}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/MaureenOkwu2019.pdf}, doi = {10.3934/microbiol.2019.2.117}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-15}, pages = {22}, abstract = {The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. 118 AIMS Microbiology Volume 5, Issue 2, 117–137. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. 118 AIMS Microbiology Volume 5, Issue 2, 117–137. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants |
Augustine O. Akpoka Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley ; Izevbuwa, Osazee E Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review Journal Article 5 , pp. 117–137, 2019. @article{Akpoka2019, title = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review}, author = {Augustine O. Akpoka, Maureen U. Okwu, Mitsan Olley, and Osazee E. Izevbuwa}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maureen_Okwu2/publication/332763774_Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus_MRSA_and_anti-MRSA_activities_of_extracts_of_some_medicinal_plants_A_brief_review/links/5cc874dea6fdcc1d49bbbe83/Methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus-aureus-MRSA-and-anti-MRSA-activities-of-extracts-of-some-medicinal-plants-A-brief-review.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-15}, volume = {5}, pages = {117–137}, abstract = {Abstract: The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA); Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA); Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec); anti-MRSA plants |
Igweagu, Ifeanyi K SHIVERING DURING CAESAREAN DELIVERY UNDER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA: THE ROLE OF PETHIDINE ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE Journal Article 2019. @article{Igweagu2019, title = {SHIVERING DURING CAESAREAN DELIVERY UNDER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA: THE ROLE OF PETHIDINE ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE}, author = {Ifeanyi K. Igweagu}, url = {https://www.dissertation.npmcn.edu.ng/index.php/FMCA/article/view/102}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-01}, abstract = {Abstract BACKGROUND: Shivering is a common and quite distressing complication of spinal anaesthesia. It does interfere with patient monitoring and markedly increases the metabolic rate. Traditionally, shivering has been aborted with intravenous pethidine. Recently, the addition of pethidine to the local anaesthetic intrathecal injectate has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering without modifying the characteristics of the block but may increase opioid related side effects. RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS: The determinations of the dose of intrathecal opioids that will prevent shivering without showing opioid related side effects will improve patient’s safety. The efficacy of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to intrathecal bupivacaine injectate in ameliorating post spinal shivering was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Approval was sought and received from UBTH Research and Ethics Committee. A prehoc power analysis indicated the recruitment of 42 patients in each group to detect a 30% reduction in the incidence of shivering (α = 0.05, β = 0.2). A 5% attrition level was assumed and eighty-eight subjects were drawn from ASA 1 or 2 patients scheduled for elective caesarean delivery in UBTH, Benin City. Exclusion criteria included height <152cm or >183cm, weight >110kg, use of opioid analgesics in the past 24hours and presence of intercurrent illness. Following informed consent, they were randomized to receive a standardized spinal anaesthesia using 2.2mls of 0.5% bupivacaine to which was added either 0.1mg/kg of pethidine (Group P) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (Group S). The presence of shivering and its severity, core temperature and patients cold score, highest sensory dermatomal level of block and opioid related side effects and perioperative complications were recorded. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software (Chicago Illinois, USA). Demographic data was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Proportions of women that shivered was compared using Fisher’s exact test while the maximal intensity of shivering recorded for each patient is studied with Mann Whitney U-test. The relationship between minimal temperature and shivering, and cold scores and shivering were determined with Spearman Correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at a probability of 5%. All tests were two tailed. RESULTS: Eigthy-eight women were randomized to the pethidine group and saline group. There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics and the intraoperative clinical variables between the groups. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of shivering in the pethidine group [33% versus 71%; (p < 0.0009) Fisher’s exact test], the maximal intensity recorded for each patient [(p < 0.004) Mann Whitney U test]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of opioid related side effects and perioperative complications (p > 0.49). CONCLUSION: This study showed that addition of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine to the intrathecal bupivacaine reduces the incidence and severity of shivering significantly with a minimal side effect profile. SIGNIFIGANCE: This study provided data that suggest 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to the local anaesthetic spinal injectate significantly reduces the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering. This is important as patients will thus be spared the obnoxious effects of shivering and opioid related side effects. The present practice of aborting shivering when it has already occurred is obviously inferior. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract BACKGROUND: Shivering is a common and quite distressing complication of spinal anaesthesia. It does interfere with patient monitoring and markedly increases the metabolic rate. Traditionally, shivering has been aborted with intravenous pethidine. Recently, the addition of pethidine to the local anaesthetic intrathecal injectate has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering without modifying the characteristics of the block but may increase opioid related side effects. RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS: The determinations of the dose of intrathecal opioids that will prevent shivering without showing opioid related side effects will improve patient’s safety. The efficacy of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to intrathecal bupivacaine injectate in ameliorating post spinal shivering was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Approval was sought and received from UBTH Research and Ethics Committee. A prehoc power analysis indicated the recruitment of 42 patients in each group to detect a 30% reduction in the incidence of shivering (α = 0.05, β = 0.2). A 5% attrition level was assumed and eighty-eight subjects were drawn from ASA 1 or 2 patients scheduled for elective caesarean delivery in UBTH, Benin City. Exclusion criteria included height <152cm or >183cm, weight >110kg, use of opioid analgesics in the past 24hours and presence of intercurrent illness. Following informed consent, they were randomized to receive a standardized spinal anaesthesia using 2.2mls of 0.5% bupivacaine to which was added either 0.1mg/kg of pethidine (Group P) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (Group S). The presence of shivering and its severity, core temperature and patients cold score, highest sensory dermatomal level of block and opioid related side effects and perioperative complications were recorded. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software (Chicago Illinois, USA). Demographic data was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Proportions of women that shivered was compared using Fisher’s exact test while the maximal intensity of shivering recorded for each patient is studied with Mann Whitney U-test. The relationship between minimal temperature and shivering, and cold scores and shivering were determined with Spearman Correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at a probability of 5%. All tests were two tailed. RESULTS: Eigthy-eight women were randomized to the pethidine group and saline group. There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics and the intraoperative clinical variables between the groups. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of shivering in the pethidine group [33% versus 71%; (p < 0.0009) Fisher’s exact test], the maximal intensity recorded for each patient [(p < 0.004) Mann Whitney U test]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of opioid related side effects and perioperative complications (p > 0.49). CONCLUSION: This study showed that addition of 0.1mg/kg of pethidine to the intrathecal bupivacaine reduces the incidence and severity of shivering significantly with a minimal side effect profile. SIGNIFIGANCE: This study provided data that suggest 0.1mg/kg of pethidine added to the local anaesthetic spinal injectate significantly reduces the incidence and severity of post spinal shivering. This is important as patients will thus be spared the obnoxious effects of shivering and opioid related side effects. The present practice of aborting shivering when it has already occurred is obviously inferior. |
Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N A; Adingwupu, ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC Journal Article Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences , pp. 358, 2019, ISBN: 345-358. @article{Itabor2019, title = {ENERGY AUDIT OF A FLOUR MILL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF CROWN FLOUR MILL PLC}, author = {Aliu S.A Onochie U.P Itabor, N.A and Adingwupu,}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Aliu-S.A-Onochie-U.P-Itabor-N.A-and-Adingwupu-A.C-ENERGY-AUDIT-OF-A-FLOUR-MILL-PLANT-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-CROWN-FLOUR-1.pdf}, isbn = {345-358}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-26}, journal = {Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences }, pages = {358}, abstract = {In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria today, many production industries are faced with challenges of utilizing energy efficiently. Hence, for industries to utilize energy efficiently, a proper energy audit should be carried out on its production processes. This paper assesses an energy audit of the 2015 production year of Crown Flour Mill Plant A and Plant B. Data was collected from the processing mills, A and B, to determine the energy consumption rate in the Milling Plants. From the results, it was determined that the roller mill machines in Mill A and B consumes the largest quantity of energy which is 32,078,200MJ/year and 20,808,191.27MJ/year respectively. This accounts for 91.8% and 62.6% respectively of energy consumed in the both plants. The purifier machine in Mill A and the blower standby machine in Mill B are the least consumer of energy among the process machines used in the flour production process. This accounts for 0.13% and 0.14% of the energy consumption. The calculated amount of diesel fuel energy consumed was about 18.4GWh/year and 29.5GWh/year for Mill A and B respectively, which is a total of 47.9GWh/year. However, the energy requirement of the process machines and consumption capacities for Mills A and B was a total of 14.1GWh/year which is far lesser than the energy generated from the diesel fuel used. Hence, a lot of energy is being wasted in the flour production plants. |
Odejimi Deborah Omotsefe, Edogiawerie Monday Nosa Microfinance Banks and Savings Mobilization: Case Study of ABC Microfinance Bank Okada, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) , 10 , pp. 7, 2019, ISSN: 2321-5933. @article{Omotsefe2019, title = {Microfinance Banks and Savings Mobilization: Case Study of ABC Microfinance Bank Okada, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Odejimi Deborah Omotsefe, Edogiawerie Monday Nosa}, url = {http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jef/papers/Vol10-Issue2/Series-1/H1002017177.pdf}, doi = {10.9790/5933-1002017177 }, issn = { 2321-5933}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-22}, journal = {Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) }, volume = {10}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Abstract:This paper presents field findings as to why microfinance banks in rural areas have not been able to mobilise savings or the use of bank services effectively. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources. The Chi-square and Pearson’s Correlation Matrix were used in the analyses of data. All the null hypotheses tested were rejected. The findings conclude that ABC Microfinance Bank has not been effective in mobilising savings from Okada community. Some of the factors that militated against the bank’s success were the individuals’ level of education, access to loan, incentives to encourage savings and others. It was recommended that the bank employs marketers to assist in the mobilization of savings from the community. The bureaucracies in obtaining loans should be relaxed so as to accommodate the uneducated and the poor. Government should consider reviewing deposit interest rate upward to encourage saving. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract:This paper presents field findings as to why microfinance banks in rural areas have not been able to mobilise savings or the use of bank services effectively. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources. The Chi-square and Pearson’s Correlation Matrix were used in the analyses of data. All the null hypotheses tested were rejected. The findings conclude that ABC Microfinance Bank has not been effective in mobilising savings from Okada community. Some of the factors that militated against the bank’s success were the individuals’ level of education, access to loan, incentives to encourage savings and others. It was recommended that the bank employs marketers to assist in the mobilization of savings from the community. The bureaucracies in obtaining loans should be relaxed so as to accommodate the uneducated and the poor. Government should consider reviewing deposit interest rate upward to encourage saving. |
Abiola Lateef Akinpelu Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article 2019. @article{Akinpelu2019b, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Abiola Lateef Akinpelu, Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, Adesola Adedoyin }, url = {http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7691}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.070102}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-08}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways |
Muritala Ayofe Adebayo Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Adesola Adedoyin Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice Journal Article 7 , pp. 5-13, 2019. @article{Adebayo2019b, title = {Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice}, author = {Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Adesola Adedoyin }, url = {http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7691}, doi = {10.13189/app.2019.070102 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-04}, volume = {7}, pages = {5-13}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test without significant (p>0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways. KEYWORDS Adansonia digitata, Cold Maceration, Antidepressant, Neurobehavioural Mechanism, Multiple Receptor Pathways |
Akinpelu Lateef Abiola Aiyelero Oyeronke Medinat, Olawuni Idowu Julius Ogundepo Gbenga Emmanuel Olayiwola Gbola Anti-amnesic and Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, 2019. @article{Abiola2019b, title = {Anti-amnesic and Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Akinpelu Lateef Abiola, Aiyelero Oyeronke Medinat, Olawuni Idowu Julius, Ogundepo Gbenga Emmanuel, Olayiwola Gbola}, doi = {10.13189/ijnbs.2019.070101 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-23}, journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science}, abstract = {Abstract Objective: We investigated the anti-amnesic and cognitive enhancing effects of the ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa in mice. Methodology: Amnesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) in Morris Water Maze; scopolamine (1mg/kg) on Y-maze test; scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) and diazepam (1mg/kg) on elevated plus maze. The effect of the extract on learning and memory of young and aged mice was also investigated on the elevated plus maze. The probable mechanism of cognitive enhancing effects of the extract was investigated using acetylcholinesterase enzyme and nitric oxide assays. Results: The extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated amnesia induced by scopolamine in Morris water maze; reversed amnesia induced by scopolamine and diazepam on elevated plus maze; increased spontaneous alternation behaviour without modifying locomotor activities on Y-maze test; inhibited natural age-induced learning and memory impairment of aged mice while the learning and memory of young mice were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced on elevated plus maze. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and increased nitric oxide concentration in the mice whole brain. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa may possess anti-amnesic and memory enhancing effects which may involve cholinergic and nitergic pathways. Keywords Milicia Excelsa, Amnesia, Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme, Nitric Oxide, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Objective: We investigated the anti-amnesic and cognitive enhancing effects of the ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa in mice. Methodology: Amnesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) in Morris Water Maze; scopolamine (1mg/kg) on Y-maze test; scopolamine (0.4mg/kg) and diazepam (1mg/kg) on elevated plus maze. The effect of the extract on learning and memory of young and aged mice was also investigated on the elevated plus maze. The probable mechanism of cognitive enhancing effects of the extract was investigated using acetylcholinesterase enzyme and nitric oxide assays. Results: The extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated amnesia induced by scopolamine in Morris water maze; reversed amnesia induced by scopolamine and diazepam on elevated plus maze; increased spontaneous alternation behaviour without modifying locomotor activities on Y-maze test; inhibited natural age-induced learning and memory impairment of aged mice while the learning and memory of young mice were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced on elevated plus maze. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and increased nitric oxide concentration in the mice whole brain. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa may possess anti-amnesic and memory enhancing effects which may involve cholinergic and nitergic pathways. Keywords Milicia Excelsa, Amnesia, Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme, Nitric Oxide, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze |
ODEJIMI, Deborah Omotsefe; OZOR, Patience Lilian Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? Journal Article European Journal of Business and Management , 11 (6), pp. 67, 2019, ISSN: 2222-2839. @article{ODEJIMI2019b, title = {Can Climate Change Affect Agricultural Output in Nigeria? }, author = {Deborah Omotsefe ODEJIMI and Patience Lilian OZOR }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Deborah-Omotsefe-ODEJIMI-and-Patience-Lilian-OZOR-Can-Climate-Change-Affect-Agricultural-Output-in-Nigeria.pdf}, doi = {10.7176/EJBM }, issn = { 2222-2839}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-20}, journal = {European Journal of Business and Management }, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {67}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Changes in the climatic conditions in Nigeria is posing serious threat to the economic survival of the nation. This study, the effect of climate change on agricultural output in Nigeria is important and critical in determining the policy direction of the state especially given the negative impact it has on the source of livelihood of her citizenry. The major objective was to find out how climate change impacted on agricultural production. An econometric model was employed as a guide in estimating the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship exist between government expenditure, exchange rate, rainfall and agricultural output. However, temperature and inflation had negative relationship but were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. It was recommended that government increase its budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector, enact policies deliberately targeted at mitigating the effect of climatic change on agriculture, empower farmers via subsidies, improved seedlings and soft loans through the relevant agencies, and invest in irrigation so farmers would not only depend on rainfall to grow their crops |
Odejimi, Deborah Omotsefe GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 7 , pp. 691, 2019, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Odejimi2019, title = { GENDER BUDGETING A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Deborah Omotsefe Odejimi }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Odejimi-Deborah-Omotsefe-GENDER-BUDGETING-A-PANACEA-FOR-SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-IN-EDO-STATE-NIGERIA.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, volume = {7}, pages = {691}, abstract = {Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the effect of gender budgeting on sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to assess if Edo State budget is gender responsive and also if the impact has been felt by the rural dwellers especially women. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data set consists of 120 respondents. The data collected from the field was analysed using simple percentages. The findings reveal that women have not benefitted significantly from budgetary allocation directly or via Edo State Ministry of Women Affairs. This has limited their ability to expand their businesses or farm harvests for higher income. The study recommends that the government mandates microfinance banks to grant credit to women without the bottleneck of haven to be guaranteed by a male figure. Also, distribution of fertilizers and other farm support should be extended equally to both men and female. |
Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka, Osho Michael Olusoga The Impact of Manpower Development on Organizational Efficiency in National Inland Waterways Authority of Nigeria (NIWA) Journal Article International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Ethiopia, 8 (28), pp. 13, 2019, ISSN: 2227-5452. @article{Isiaka2019b, title = {The Impact of Manpower Development on Organizational Efficiency in National Inland Waterways Authority of Nigeria (NIWA)}, author = {Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka,Osho Michael Olusoga}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/03.pdf}, doi = { http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v8i1.10}, issn = { 2227-5452}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-15}, journal = {International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Ethiopia}, volume = {8}, number = {28}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The manpower deficiency in NIWA, an organization that requires the competence not only to run a profitable transport outfit but also regulate the activities of private operators using the Nigeria Inland Waterways, has been a source of concern to the government over the years more so that the organization is supposed to be a ‘cash cow’ to the Federal Government. This study focussed on the skill-gaps and how they impact on efficiency and specifically interrogated the relationship between staff development and job performance in NIWA. Survey method was used. Primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaire. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Chi Square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics were used in data analyses. Among the findings were significant relationship between skill-gaps and inefficiency and poor productivity among NIWA staff; and poor correlation between resources committed to staff development and staff productivity. Among the recommendations is that there should be mechanism for proper assessment of employee performance after training and such performance should be tied to their subsequent promotion on the job. Key Words: Manpower development, skill-gaps, human resources, performance, efficiency}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The manpower deficiency in NIWA, an organization that requires the competence not only to run a profitable transport outfit but also regulate the activities of private operators using the Nigeria Inland Waterways, has been a source of concern to the government over the years more so that the organization is supposed to be a ‘cash cow’ to the Federal Government. This study focussed on the skill-gaps and how they impact on efficiency and specifically interrogated the relationship between staff development and job performance in NIWA. Survey method was used. Primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaire. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Chi Square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics were used in data analyses. Among the findings were significant relationship between skill-gaps and inefficiency and poor productivity among NIWA staff; and poor correlation between resources committed to staff development and staff productivity. Among the recommendations is that there should be mechanism for proper assessment of employee performance after training and such performance should be tied to their subsequent promotion on the job. Key Words: Manpower development, skill-gaps, human resources, performance, efficiency |
Muritala Ayofe Adebayo Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Adebayo2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, doi = {10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-12}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents |
Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka, Ebomoyi Ikponmwosa Methodological Usefulness of Content Analysis in Social Science Research Journal Article International Association of African Researchers and Reviewer, 13 (59), pp. 10, 2019, ISSN: 1994-9057. @article{Isiaka2019, title = {Methodological Usefulness of Content Analysis in Social Science Research}, author = {Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka,Ebomoyi Ikponmwosa}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/01-2.pdf}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v1 3i1 .9}, issn = {1994-9057}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {International Association of African Researchers and Reviewer}, volume = {13}, number = {59}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The thrust of this paper was to crystallize the methodological value of content analysis as a tool in social science research. In order to achieve that, it sets out to do a conceptualization of content analysis and situate it within the operational rubrics common to other research designs. The various stages in content analysis notably the problem identification, selection and definition of units of analysis in content analysis were succinctly considered. The usefulness of the method was finally discussed and particularly its strength which rests in its ability to handle the areas of weaknesses and challenges of other sister methodological tools. Among such strengths unique to content analysis is the economy of time and money in the research process; its ability to effectively handle the situation of botched up data collection process in contrast to survey or field research; and the fact of its unobtrusive nature which is a major flaw of the rest methods. Key Words: Content analysis, methodological tool, social research, data collection, usefulness}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The thrust of this paper was to crystallize the methodological value of content analysis as a tool in social science research. In order to achieve that, it sets out to do a conceptualization of content analysis and situate it within the operational rubrics common to other research designs. The various stages in content analysis notably the problem identification, selection and definition of units of analysis in content analysis were succinctly considered. The usefulness of the method was finally discussed and particularly its strength which rests in its ability to handle the areas of weaknesses and challenges of other sister methodological tools. Among such strengths unique to content analysis is the economy of time and money in the research process; its ability to effectively handle the situation of botched up data collection process in contrast to survey or field research; and the fact of its unobtrusive nature which is a major flaw of the rest methods. Key Words: Content analysis, methodological tool, social research, data collection, usefulness |
Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Adedokun2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. |
Adedokun Adekanmi Oluwasegun Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Oluwasegun2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = { Adedokun Adekanmi Oluwasegun, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun Paul Okwudili Okafor Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats Journal Article 2019. @article{Akinpelu2019, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Methanol Root Bark Extract of Milicia Excelsa (Welw) C. C Berg (Moraceae) in Rats}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Oluwasegun Adekanmi Adedokun, Paul Okwudili Okafor}, url = {https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0825-6337}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, abstract = {Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) plant is used as an antidiarrheal agent in ethnomedicine but there is no scientific rationale for its claim. Hence, this study examined the acute toxicity (LD50) and anti-diarrheal effect of methanol root bark extract of Milicia excelsa per oral in rats as well as the probable phytoconstituents responsible for this effect. The LD50 was>5000 mg/kg, suggesting its safety. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total number of feces and wet feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea with percentage inhibitions of 41.36 and 50.88% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively; it also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the distance travelled by charcoal in a dose dependent manner with percentage inhibitions of 33.85, 43.07 and 50.76% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively in gastrointestinal motility test indicating anti-diarrheal potentials. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation with percentage inhibitions of 33.28 and 45.61% at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, suggesting antisecretory effect. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intestinal propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract in castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit suggesting antimotility effect. Total flavonoids and tannins are the most abundant phytoconstituents therein. This study therefore concluded that the anti-diarrhea action of the extract may at least in part be mediated via antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms, which could be due to the additive, synergy or counter interaction of the phytoconstituents therein, thus supporting its ethnomedicinal claim. Key words Milicia excelsa - castor oil-induced diarrhea - gastrointestinal motility - toxicity - phytoconstituents |
2018 |
Erameh A.A., Orhorhoro E K Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), pp. 87, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{Erameh2018, title = {Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Tower: A Case Study of University of Benin Energy Research Centre wind Turbine Tower }, author = {Erameh, A.A., Orhorhoro, E.K}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Erameh-A.A-Orhorhoro-E.K-Modal-Analysis-of-a-Wind-Turbine-Tower-A-Case-Study-of-University-of-Benin-Energy-Research-Centre-wind-Turbine.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-12}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR)}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, the modal analysis of a wind turbine tower, located at University of Benin Energy Research Centre, was carried out in order to determine the structural integrity of the tower. Finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Modal Module Ten. Wind log data from the month of January to the month of May, 2018 was collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and the theoretical modal analysis was computed. The results obtained show that the frequency of the first mode shape from the simulation was 6.9039 Hz and the highest natural frequency computed from the wind speed log data was 5.9958 Hz. With these results, it can be concluded that the tower is not expected to resonate due to the impact of the wind speed on the blade of the wind turbine. |
Lawrence I Ezemonye AlexA Enuneku, ; Ajieh, Mike Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa Journal Article 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018b, title = {Histopathological Effects of Spent Oil Based Drilling Mud and Cuttings on the Earthworm, Aporrectodea longa}, author = {Lawrence I Ezemonye, AlexA Enuneku, and Mike Ajieh}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2014_1_1_5.Drillingmud.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-11}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological effects of spent oil based drilling mud and cuttings on Aporrectodea longa. Methods: The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, was exposed to different concentrations of suspended particle phase (SPP) of drilling mud and cutting, collected from an abandoned oil drilling site in Mpanak, Niger Delta Region, for 28 days. Toxicological effects on the annelid was evaluated using standard procedure. Results: At the end of the exposure, bioaccumulation of the toxic chemical constituents of the drilling mud (heavy metals and total hydrocarbons) increased (p<0.05) in whole tissue of earthworm with increase drilling mud concentration. Histopathological changes in the crop, gizzard and intestine of earthworms were moderate necrosis in the lower concentrations and severe necrosis in the higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that drilling mud and cuttings could cause serious health risk to Aporrectodea longa. The discharge of drilling mud into the terrestrial ecosystems should be discouraged or adequate treatment options for detoxification should be employed prior to discharge. Keywords: Drilling mud; Toxicology; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Histology; Annelid |
Ighodaro Igbe Matthew Obaineh, Ojezelea Agbonlahor Okhuarobo Reproductive indices in malaria infested mice treated with antimalarials, Phyllanthus amarus combined with vitamins Journal Article 56 , pp. 179-184, 2018. @article{IghodaroIgbe2018, title = {Reproductive indices in malaria infested mice treated with antimalarials, Phyllanthus amarus combined with vitamins}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, Matthew Obaineh, Ojezelea, Agbonlahor Okhuarobo}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110093118300358}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-06}, volume = {56}, pages = {179-184}, abstract = {Abstract Malaria disease is caused by the plasmodium organism transmitted into humans by the female anopheles mosquito. The effect of chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllantus amarus alone or combined with vitamins A, B, C or K on male fertility indices has received no attention. Hence this study was designed to investigate the effect of chloroquine, artesunate or seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus with or without vitamins A, B, C or E on testosterone levels, sperm motility, morphology, viability and count in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Four days following inoculation of adult male mice with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were treated with artesunate, chloroquine or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract alone or in combination with vitamins A, B, C or E once daily. Thereafter the mice were sacrificed and semen was collected for the determination of sperm count, motility, morphology and viability and blood sample collected for the determination of serum testosterone level by standardized methods. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract with or without vitamins A, B, C or E caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum and semen testosterone levels in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract also caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motility and viability as well as significant (p < 0.05) restoration of sperm morphology in Plasmodium berghei infected mice compared to untreated Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results from our study suggest that vitamin supplement with antimalarial could enhance reproductive indices. Keywords Phyllanthus amarus, Chloroquine Artesunate Plasmodium berghei testosterone Sperm}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Malaria disease is caused by the plasmodium organism transmitted into humans by the female anopheles mosquito. The effect of chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllantus amarus alone or combined with vitamins A, B, C or K on male fertility indices has received no attention. Hence this study was designed to investigate the effect of chloroquine, artesunate or seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus with or without vitamins A, B, C or E on testosterone levels, sperm motility, morphology, viability and count in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Four days following inoculation of adult male mice with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were treated with artesunate, chloroquine or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract alone or in combination with vitamins A, B, C or E once daily. Thereafter the mice were sacrificed and semen was collected for the determination of sperm count, motility, morphology and viability and blood sample collected for the determination of serum testosterone level by standardized methods. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract with or without vitamins A, B, C or E caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum and semen testosterone levels in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Treatment with chloroquine, artesunate or Phyllanthus amarus seed extract also caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motility and viability as well as significant (p < 0.05) restoration of sperm morphology in Plasmodium berghei infected mice compared to untreated Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results from our study suggest that vitamin supplement with antimalarial could enhance reproductive indices. Keywords Phyllanthus amarus, Chloroquine Artesunate Plasmodium berghei testosterone Sperm |
*Orhorhoro E.K Odinikuku, Salisu E W S Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). , pp. 39, 2018, ISSN: 2636-7114. @article{E.K2018, title = {Performance Evaluation of an Improved Roasted Groundnut Seeds Decorticating Machine}, author = {*Orhorhoro E.K, Odinikuku, E.W, Salisu, S }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Orhorhoro-E.K-OdinikukuE.WSalisu-S.-Performance-Evaluation-of-an-Improved-Roasted-Groundnut-Seeds.pdf}, issn = { 2636-7114}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR). }, pages = {39}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, an improved roasted groundnut seeds decorticating machine was successfully designed and fabricated. The major components of the machine were as follows; feed hopper, bearing, collection tray, pulley, V-belt, electric motor, frame, cloth conveyor, rollers, rectangular mild steel plate embedded with foam, bearing and shaft. The roasted groundnut seeds were fed to the machine through the feed hopper, where it settled in a stationary rectangular plate material produced from mild steel material that is embedded with foam underneath it. The cloth conveyor materials move with the help of shaft roller driven by the electric motor and the stationary. When the roasted groundnut seeds come in contact with these two members, decorticating takes place as a result of friction. Ten batches of roasted groundnut seeds of different masses were used to evaluate the designed machine for performance. Time required to completely decorticate the roasted groundnut seeds were recorded and this was used to determine the machine throughput capacity. The results obtained show that a 2hp power electric motor and a torque of 83.67Nm were required by the machine. Besides, an average efficiency of 84.44%, average decorticating time of 122.797seconds, and machine throughput capacity of 0.1204kg/s were recorded. The machine performance was satisfactorily and can replace the traditional method of decorticating roasted groundnut seeds in developing countries |
Alex Enuneku Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo Emmanuel Ogbomida Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Lawrence Ezemonye T Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article pp. 13, 2018. @article{Enuneku2018, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Isioma Tongo, Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Lawrence Ezemonye, }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-15}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ((E_{text{r}}^{i})), and the other heavy metals showed low (E_{text{r}}^{i}). Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
tongo Lawrence Ezemonye Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi Ozekeke Ogbeide Isioma Emmanuel Ogbomida Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria . Journal Article pp. 224, 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018d, title = {Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria .}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Alex Enuneku, Osaretin Omoruyi, Ozekeke Ogbeide, Isioma tongo, Emmanuel Ogbomida}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328970970_Evaluating_the_potential_health_risks_of_heavy_metal_pollution_in_sediment_and_selected_benthic_fauna_of_Benin_River_Southern_Nigeria}, doi = {10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-07}, pages = {224}, abstract = {The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and Benthic Fauna (Chrysichthys auratus and Tympanotonus fuscatus) of Benin River, Southern Nigeria, was evaluated. Three sampling sites associated with heavy anthropogenic activities along the course of the river were sampled. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 210 VGP, Buck Scientific). In all sediment samples, only Pb exceeded the threshold/probable effect level (TEL). Very high contamination degrees (CD > 24) 181.74, 50.11, and 101.96) for stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were observed indicating serious anthropogenic pollution. Geoaccumulation index (igeo) showed slight pollution with Pb and Cd and severely to extremely polluted with Fe across the stations. Cd exhibited moderate individual potential risk ( Ei r ), and the other heavy metals showed low Ei r . Potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low risk of contamination for heavy metals in sediment. Human health risk assessment for Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in C. auratus and Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni in T. fuscatus indicated no obvious health risk from these heavy metals over a lifetime of exposure. However, hazard quotient (HQ) values for Pb in C. auratus and Cd, Cu, and Pb in T. fuscatus indicated significant health risk. The hazard index (HI) values for both C. auratus and T. fuscatus were > 1 indicating significant adverse health risk of non-carcinogenic effect. Therefore, the consumption of these contaminated fish and shellfish by the people of Koko portends risks of the health of the public. The industries operating in this community should adopt more sustainable and eco-innovative management options in order to attenuate potential ecological and human health risk of metal pollution. |
Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects Journal Article International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2018, ISSN: 2575-1832. @article{Okechukwu2018, title = {The African Union Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Prospects }, author = {Nwaodu Nnamdi Okechukwu, Ijeoma Edwin Okechukwu Chikata}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20180402.14%20(2).pdf}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20180402.14}, issn = {2575-1832}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-27}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research}, abstract = {Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: One of the bitter legacies of colonialism in Africa is the creation of small unit states which reduced the singular and collective competitiveness of the states and the continent respectively in global economic and political affairs. It has therefore been the resolve of African leaders to pursue some forms regional integration in order to overcome the challenges. Consequently, from the pre-independence pan-Africanist philosophy, to the Organization of African Unity, OAU and today the African Union, this fundamental goal of building integration mechanisms has remained prevalent at the regional and subregional levels, leading to the desire to establish integration schemes for customs’ union, economic community, common currency, central bank and one parliament, and most currently that of the Free Trade Area in the Continent. This article sought to unpack some of the challenges of regional integration in general and those facing the AU’s continent-wide Free Trade Area and found that, though efforts towards regional integration in Africa have recorded some achievements including positive economic growth, they still fall short of achieving most of its laudable objectives especially in the face of such challenges ranging from over-ambitious targets, to the heterogeneity of the economies of members, among others. For effective regional integration in Africa, AU should basically resolve the identified knotty challenges that have frustrated a possible beneficial intra-regional trade which could subsequently lead to regional integration in Africa without which the drive for collective selfreliant development for Africa will always turn into a mirage, deepening the region’s dependence on the western powers. Keywords: Regional Integration, African Union (AU), Free Trade Area |
b c E.K. Orhorhoro a *, Orhorhoro Ikpe O W A E A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria Journal Article Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering, 13 (2), pp. 133, 2018, ISBN: 129-133. @article{aa2018, title = {A Study of Solar Energy Potential in Sapele, Nigeria}, author = {E.K. Orhorhoro a,*, O.W. Orhorhoro b, A.E. Ikpe c}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/E.K.-Orhorhoro-O.W.-OrhorhoroA.E.-Ikpe-A-Study-of-Solar-Energy-Potential-in-Sapele-Nigeria-1.pdf}, isbn = { 129-133}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-13}, journal = {Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {133}, abstract = {In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, a study was carried out on solar energy potential in Sapele, Nigeria. Five photovoltaic solar panel (cell) connected in series where used to generate data on maximum and minimum temperature readings, voltage and current readings for a period of 50 days. The result obtained shown that a mean average temperature readings of 30.01 °C, mean average voltage readings of 14.23 V and mean average current reading of 4.206 A were obtained. The global solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation were calculated as 11.09 kwh/m2/day and 5.31kwh/m2/day respectively. Considering the average power deposited (0.060 kW and 0.180 kWh) daily, enough energy can be obtained from solar power system and this can help to solve part of Nigeria energy crisis. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Mechanism of Anticonvulsant Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International , 23 , pp. 1-11, 2018. @article{Akinpelu2018c, title = {Mechanism of Anticonvulsant Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/17723}, doi = {10.9734/JPRI/2018/42430}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-08}, journal = {Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International }, volume = {23}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Abstract Aims: This study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae). Study Design: This study used experimental animal models predictive of human convulsion in mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 and February 2015. Methodology: The anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract (EME), n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions of the extract was evaluated using picrotoxin-, pentylenetetrazole-, and strychnine-induced convulsion models. The neural mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of the most active fraction (AF) was also investigated using flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NG-Nitroarginine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion model. Results: EME and AF significantly (P < .05) delayed the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions and prolonged death latency with varying degrees of protection in picrotoxin-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion models. EME, EAF and AF significantly (P < .05) pronlonged the onset of clonic convulsion in strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. Flumazenil, cyproheptadine and L-NG-Nitroarginine abolished the anticonvulsant effect of AF suggesting the involvement of GABAergic, serotonergic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study concludes that Milicia excelsa leaf contains biologically active anticonvulsant principles, thus lending pharmacological credence to the suggested traditional use. Further study may be undertaken to isolate and elucidate the chemical structure of the biologically active ingredient(s) responsible for the observed anticonvulsant effect. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, anticonvulsant, nitergic, serotonergic, GABAergic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Aims: This study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae). Study Design: This study used experimental animal models predictive of human convulsion in mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 and February 2015. Methodology: The anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract (EME), n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions of the extract was evaluated using picrotoxin-, pentylenetetrazole-, and strychnine-induced convulsion models. The neural mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of the most active fraction (AF) was also investigated using flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NG-Nitroarginine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion model. Results: EME and AF significantly (P < .05) delayed the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions and prolonged death latency with varying degrees of protection in picrotoxin-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion models. EME, EAF and AF significantly (P < .05) pronlonged the onset of clonic convulsion in strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. Flumazenil, cyproheptadine and L-NG-Nitroarginine abolished the anticonvulsant effect of AF suggesting the involvement of GABAergic, serotonergic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study concludes that Milicia excelsa leaf contains biologically active anticonvulsant principles, thus lending pharmacological credence to the suggested traditional use. Further study may be undertaken to isolate and elucidate the chemical structure of the biologically active ingredient(s) responsible for the observed anticonvulsant effect. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, anticonvulsant, nitergic, serotonergic, GABAergic. |
ORHORHORO EK IKPE AE, UKWABA SI J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , pp. 1743, 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{EK2018, title = {Effects of Landfill Gas Flow Trajectories at Three Distinct Temperature Phases on the Stress-Strain-Displacement Properties of a Gas Extraction Pipe }, author = {ORHORHORO EK, IKPE AE, UKWABA, SI}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORHORHORO-EKIKPE-AEUKWABA-SI-Effects-of-Landfill-Gas-Flow-Trajectories-at-Three-Distinct-Temperature-Phases-on-the-Stress-Strain-Displacement-Properties-of-a-Gas-Extraction-Pipe-Copy.pdf}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i11.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-07}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, pages = {1743}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: The rate of MSW generation is increasing and at present, there is no single engineered landfill designed to address the challenges posed by MSW generation in Nigeria. Unmanaged open dump sites and uncontrolled MSW disposal is currently practiced in Nigeria, thus this research work which is focused on the effects of landfill gas flow trajectories at three distinct temperature phases on the stress-strain-displacement properties of a gas extraction. Conservation mass equation was derived for solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. A PVC plastic with a linear elastic isotropic property was used. Von Mises Stress was used as the default failure criterion. The material yield and tensile strength were 52 N/mm^2 and 30 N/mm^2. Other properties of the material include; elastic modulus of 3000 N/mm^2, poisson's ratio of 0.394, mass density of 1020 g/cm^3, shear modulus of 318.9 N/mm^2, and thermal expansion coefficient of 79/K. The results obtained reveal that the rate of gas generation in a landfill is dependent on the increase in temperature and pressure within the landfill system, usually causing subsurface pressures in the landfill to be higher than either the atmospheric pressure or indoor air pressure. |
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo Ighodaro Igbe, Abdulmajid Yahaya Zakariya Sule Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents Journal Article pp. 10, 2018. @article{Okhuarobo2018, title = {Effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rodents}, author = {Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, Ighodaro Igbe,Abdulmajid, Yahaya,Zakariya Sule }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Agbonlahor-Okhuarobo-Ighodaro-Igbe-Abdulmajid-Yahaya-and-Zakariya-Sule-Effect-of-caffeine-on-alcohol-consumption-and-alcohol-induced-conditioned-place-preference-in-rodents.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-13}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption with or without deprivation and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) on alcohol consumption in Wistar rats with or without periods of deprivation in an unlimited-access, two-bottle, free choice drinking procedure after a stable baseline alcohol consumption was established. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (2 g/kg) in a 12-day conditioning schedule in mice. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on CPP expression was determined by a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol. The effect of caffeine (3 mg/kg) on the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP was determined in a final post-conditioning test following 12 conditioning sessions with alcohol and the extinction of alcoholinduced CPP. Results: Alcohol deprivation for 3 days did not result in alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). While caffeine (10 mg/kg) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline following a period of alcohol deprivation, it did not cause a change in alcohol consumption compared with the baseline in the study without alcohol deprivation phase. Caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP compared to saline and blocked the reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP following the injection of a priming dose (0.4 g/kg) of alcohol Conclusions: Given that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, our findings suggest a role for adenosine receptors in the alcohol reward and alcohol-seeking behaviour. Keywords: alcohol reward; caffeine; conditioned place preference; deprivation. |
rd Lawrence ezemonye, Richa Olaniyan A; himika Ifidon, E A Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance? Journal Article 2018, ISBN: (13): 978-1-5275-0363-2. @article{ezemonyeezemonye2018, title = {Contemporary Issues in Africa’s Development: Whither the African Renaissance?}, author = {Lawrence ezemonye, Richa rd A. Olaniyan and E himika A. Ifidon}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/E.A.IfidonTheOAUAUandtheResponsetoConflict-De-LinkingDomesticJurisdictionandtheCapacitytoIntervene.pdf}, isbn = {(13): 978-1-5275-0363-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-16}, abstract = {Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Africa is the most violent continent in the world.1 In spite of any accomplishment in other areas of cooperation, the success of modern international organizations ... is most often judged on the basis of their handling of disputes and their utility in avoiding war. This is the case because of the destructiveness of modern warfare and because of the central role assigned to peace maintenance in establishing these organizations. |
Rosemary Ngozi Osunde Sarah Iyoefo Iyalomhe, Samuel Esiemokhai Iyalomhe Ifeanyi Godwin Nwadike Godfrey Bolade Samuel Iyalomhe Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in a Resource – Poor Environment in Nigeria Journal Article International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, pp. 8, 2018, ISSN: 2327-2716. @article{Osunde2018, title = {Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in a Resource – Poor Environment in Nigeria }, author = {Rosemary Ngozi Osunde,Sarah Iyoefo Iyalomhe,Samuel Esiemokhai Iyalomhe, Ifeanyi Godwin Nwadike, Godfrey Bolade Samuel Iyalomhe}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20180704.12.pdf}, doi = { 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180704.12}, issn = {2327-2716}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-07}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences}, pages = {8}, abstract = { Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of Nigerian adolescents by determining the dietary habits and the nutritional status of adolescents using anthropometry. The cross-sectional descriptive study engaged 400 adolescents aged 10 - 19 years in four secondary schools in Ekpoma using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Height (m2 ) and weight (kg) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed to assess underweight, normal weight, over-weight or obesity. SPSS was used to analyse data. Important factors affecting dietary habits include parental influence (87%), taste of food (71%), mass media reports (61%) and culture (55%). Percentages of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents were 24%, 72%, 3% and 1%, respectively. There was significant association between BMI and monthly household income, p<0.002. There were no significant gender differences. In contrast to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, this study has demonstrated that under-nutrition is a challenge in this environment. Intensified nutritional education, provision of adequate healthy diets and motivational strategies are imperatives to prevent malnutrition and its related health consequences in this adolescent population – tomorrow’s adults. Keywords: Adolescents, Dietary Habits, Nutritional Status, Anthropometry, Nigeria }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of Nigerian adolescents by determining the dietary habits and the nutritional status of adolescents using anthropometry. The cross-sectional descriptive study engaged 400 adolescents aged 10 - 19 years in four secondary schools in Ekpoma using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Height (m2 ) and weight (kg) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed to assess underweight, normal weight, over-weight or obesity. SPSS was used to analyse data. Important factors affecting dietary habits include parental influence (87%), taste of food (71%), mass media reports (61%) and culture (55%). Percentages of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents were 24%, 72%, 3% and 1%, respectively. There was significant association between BMI and monthly household income, p<0.002. There were no significant gender differences. In contrast to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, this study has demonstrated that under-nutrition is a challenge in this environment. Intensified nutritional education, provision of adequate healthy diets and motivational strategies are imperatives to prevent malnutrition and its related health consequences in this adolescent population – tomorrow’s adults. Keywords: Adolescents, Dietary Habits, Nutritional Status, Anthropometry, Nigeria |
J. O. Oyejide1 K. E. Orhorhoro2, Afoegba S C; Olaye, M DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE Journal Article Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 37 (3), pp. 662, 2018, ISSN: 0331-8443. @article{Oyejide12018, title = {DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPROVED PLANTAIN PROCESSING MACHINE}, author = {J. O. Oyejide1, K. E. Orhorhoro2,, S. C. Afoegba and M. Olaye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/J.-O.-Oyejide-K.-E.-Orhorhoro-S.-C.-Afoegba-and-M.-Olaye-DESIGN-AND-FABRICATION-OF-AN-IMPROVED-PLANTAIN-PROCESSING-MACHINE.pdf}, issn = {0331-8443}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-01}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH)}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {662}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Nigeria is the largest producer of plantain in West Africa with large percentage of it obtained in the southern part of the country. Plantains are of great nutritional importance, and the proximate analysis reported for plantain shows that per 100g edible portion, plantains contain 67.30 g water, 116 kcal of energy, and 31.15 g of carbohydrate. Although there are several machines that can process plantain but a complete machine that does pulverization, milling, drying, etc. is not readily available in Nigeria. In this research work, an improved plantain processing machine that comprises of all the units was designed and fabricated from available materials in Nigeria. 32kg of plantains were thoroughly peeled, washed, sliced and loaded in the pulverizer unit which pulverized the sliced plantain into paste. The plantain paste was properly dried and ground to obtained plantain flour. Performance evaluation was carried out on the fabricated machine. The results of the performance evaluation show that force, torque, and power of 320N, 33.60Nm, and 2533.7088W were required for operation of the machine. Furthermore, the total mass of flour produced from 32kg of plantain was 4.29kg. It was observed that mass of water in 32kg of plantain was 19.25kg. The total mass of plantain pulp after addition of 5kg of water was 37kg. These values were used to determine the percentage composition of water in the pulverized plantain pulp which was obtained as 65.54%. Besides, the efficiency of the machine and machine throughput capacity were obtained as |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article pp. 10, 2018, ISSN: 2456-9119. @article{Akinpelu2018, title = {Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Lateef-Abiola-AkinpeluMoses-Atanda-AkanmuEfere-Martins-Obuotor-Antipsychotic-effects-of-ethanol-leaf-extract-and-fractions-of-miliciamoraceae-in-mice.pdf}, issn = {2456-9119}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-29}, pages = {10}, abstract = {This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice Journal Article 22 , pp. 1-10, 2018. @article{Akinpelu2018b, title = {Antipsychotic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Moses Atanda Akanmu, Efere Martins Obuotor}, url = {http://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/19204}, doi = {10.9734/JPRI/2018/42383}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-29}, volume = {22}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Abstract Aim: This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. Study Design: This study used experimental mice models predictive of human psychosis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The antipsychotic effect was assessed using swim-induced grooming; apomorphine-induced climbing and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion behaviours in mice. Results: The results showed that the LD50 of the ethanol extract and its various fractions were greater than 5000 mg/kg. EME and all its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of grooming while the duration of grooming was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in swim-induced grooming. EME and EAF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited climbing behaviour in apomorphine-induced climbing. EME and all the fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the hypermotility induced by ketamine while the number of ataxia was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, with AF producing a stronger ataxia reducing effect compared to haloperidol, a reference antipsychotic drug. EME and EAF showed consistent antipsychotic activities in all the models used. Conclusion: This study concludes that EME and all its fractions may be safe and contain antipsychotic principles, thus, providing scientific evidence for the suggested ethnomedicinal use of the leaf in treating insanity in traditional medicine. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, antipsychotic, swim-induced grooming, apomorphine, ketamine}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Aim: This study investigated the acute toxicity (LD50) and antipsychotic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Milicia excelsa (EME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions in mice. Study Design: This study used experimental mice models predictive of human psychosis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, between January 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The antipsychotic effect was assessed using swim-induced grooming; apomorphine-induced climbing and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion behaviours in mice. Results: The results showed that the LD50 of the ethanol extract and its various fractions were greater than 5000 mg/kg. EME and all its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of grooming while the duration of grooming was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in swim-induced grooming. EME and EAF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited climbing behaviour in apomorphine-induced climbing. EME and all the fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the hypermotility induced by ketamine while the number of ataxia was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by EME, EAF and AF in ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, with AF producing a stronger ataxia reducing effect compared to haloperidol, a reference antipsychotic drug. EME and EAF showed consistent antipsychotic activities in all the models used. Conclusion: This study concludes that EME and all its fractions may be safe and contain antipsychotic principles, thus, providing scientific evidence for the suggested ethnomedicinal use of the leaf in treating insanity in traditional medicine. Keywords: Milicia excelsa, antipsychotic, swim-induced grooming, apomorphine, ketamine |
Osaremwinda Omorogiuwa, Stella Chinyere Chiemeke Modelling a Policy Role Based Access Control Mechanism for Task Delegation in a Nomadic Environment Journal Article International Journal of Computer, 29 (1), pp. 119-131, 2018. @article{Omorogiuwa2018, title = {Modelling a Policy Role Based Access Control Mechanism for Task Delegation in a Nomadic Environment}, author = {Osaremwinda Omorogiuwa, Stella Chinyere Chiemeke}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Osaremwinda_Omorogiuwa/publication/324831993_Modelling_a_Policy_Role_Based_Access_Control_Mechanism_for_Task_Delegation_in_a_Nomadic_Environment/links/5ae651a3a6fdcc3bea977c77/Modelling-a-Policy-Role-Based-Access-Control-Mechanism-for-Task-Delegation-in-a-Nomadic-Environment.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-09}, journal = {International Journal of Computer}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {119-131}, abstract = {Abstract Nomadic environments are governed by standard principles and lay down rules that should be followed to enable it meet set aim and objectives. More recently, nomadic environments have virtually employed the use of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Mechanisms to proffer access control solutions to role assignments which ordinarily would have be accomplished manually. In modelling systems for users in a nomadic environment, most RBAC mechanisms does not effectively consider the security lapses related to human to human task delegation. To avert this lapses, during system modelling and design, there is the need for software developers to consciously put into consideration the inclusion of organizational policy rules guiding role assignment and task delegation in a secured manner. Failure to do so, may create usability and security issues resulting from a delegatee abusing his privileges in performing other tasks of the delegator. This paper is therefore aimed at using mathematical and algorithmic methods to model a policy based approach in implementing the Role Based Access Control mechanism for users in a nomadic environment. With this approach, task delegation can be implemented in a usable and secured manner. Keywords: Nomadic Environment; Policy Based RBAC; Algorithms; Tasks; Delegation; Mathematical Modelling.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Nomadic environments are governed by standard principles and lay down rules that should be followed to enable it meet set aim and objectives. More recently, nomadic environments have virtually employed the use of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Mechanisms to proffer access control solutions to role assignments which ordinarily would have be accomplished manually. In modelling systems for users in a nomadic environment, most RBAC mechanisms does not effectively consider the security lapses related to human to human task delegation. To avert this lapses, during system modelling and design, there is the need for software developers to consciously put into consideration the inclusion of organizational policy rules guiding role assignment and task delegation in a secured manner. Failure to do so, may create usability and security issues resulting from a delegatee abusing his privileges in performing other tasks of the delegator. This paper is therefore aimed at using mathematical and algorithmic methods to model a policy based approach in implementing the Role Based Access Control mechanism for users in a nomadic environment. With this approach, task delegation can be implemented in a usable and secured manner. Keywords: Nomadic Environment; Policy Based RBAC; Algorithms; Tasks; Delegation; Mathematical Modelling. |
Odoemelam, Chinedu C PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA Journal Article The Nigerian Journal of Communication, 15 (1), 2018. @article{Chris2018, title = {PREDICTORS OF COMMUNICATING RESEARCH FINDINGS AMONG MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURERS IN SELECT UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Predictors-of-Communicating-Research-Findings-among-Mass-Communication-Lecturers-in-Select-Universities-in-Nigeria.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {The Nigerian Journal of Communication}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, abstract = {In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Nigeria, and perhaps in many countries of the world, reporting communication research results may be motivated by several factors. This makes finding answers to what determines research communication very critical. To ascertain these factors, we sampled the opinion of academics who teach communication and media related courses in select universities in Nigeria to get insight into what influences them to publish their research findings in particular journals. Findings from this study show that majority of the lecturers do not consider data analysis as a major research report writing variable that pose a challenge to them; fifty percent of the lecturers said factors such as standard indexing system, impact factor rating, local or international status of the journal and hard copy as well as online presence, influence their journal selection; and fifty-one percent of the lecturers indicated their preference for journals domiciled in a university. Majority (51%) of the lecturers also preferred journals that emphasis academic merit rather than page charges. Given these findings it is concluded that the predictors of communicating research findings are useful in the efforts at encouraging research communication among communication scholars |
OYEJIDE JO ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation Journal Article J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 22 , 2018, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{JO2019, title = {Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation}, author = {OYEJIDE JO, ORHORHORO Ek, SALISU S}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OYEJIDE-JOORHORHORO-EK-SALISU-S.-Analysis-and-Performance-Evaluation-of-Microbial-Fuel-Cells-for-Electricity-Generation.pdf}, doi = { https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i7.5}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-29}, journal = {J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage}, volume = {22}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: This research work is focused on the analysis and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) consisting of multiple one chamber connected in series and parallels for investigation of electricity generation. Using six units (i.e., unit A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit E, unit F, unit G and unit H) stacked MFCs, the fuel cells were analyzed and evaluated for performance. The results obtained with a single unit microbial fuel cells show that, unit (A) produced an average power of 0.224mW, unit (B) an average power of 0.179mW, unit (C) an average power of 0.138mW, unit (D) an average power of 0.092mW, unit (E) an average power of 0.058mW, unit (F) an average power of 0.036mW, unit (G) an average power of 0.018mW, and unit (H) an average power of 0.005mW. It was observed that decrease in number of microbial fuel cells lead to a corresponding decrease in voltage and current generated, thus drop in power. Conversely, when the unit microbial fuel cells were connected together in series and parallel, improvement in power generation was recorded. An average power of 2.681mW and 2.572mW were obtained from series and parallel connection respectively. |
Emmanuel T Ogbomida Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam Balazs Oroszlany Isioma Tongo Alex Enuneku Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Martins Ainerua Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye Hazuki Mizukawa Yoshinori Ikenaka Mayumi Ishizuka Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City Journal Article 2018. @article{Ogbomida2018, title = {Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City}, author = {Emmanuel T Ogbomida ,Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Balazs Oroszlany, Isioma Tongo, Alex Enuneku, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Martins Ainerua, Iriagbonse Priscilla Omoregie, Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye, Hazuki Mizukawa, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Mayumi Ishizuka }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323143528_Accumulation_patterns_and_risk_assessment_of_metals_and_metalloid_in_muscle_and_offal_of_free-range_chickens_cattle_and_goat_in_Benin_City}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-08}, abstract = {The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items. |
Stella Usifoh Folajole Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal Article 11 , 2018. @article{Folajole2018, title = {Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria.}, author = {Stella Usifoh Folajole, Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili, Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro}, url = {http://www.ijopp.org/sites/default/files/ijopp-11-7.pdf}, doi = {10.5530/ijopp.11.1.3}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-16}, volume = {11}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting. |
Stella Usifoh Folajole Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal Article 11 , 2018. @article{Folajole2018b, title = {Community Pharmacists Knowledge, Behaviours and Practice of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Lagos State, Nigeria.}, author = {Stella Usifoh Folajole, Isabel Naomi Aika, Valentine Uche Odili, Jerome Onyisi Nwokoro}, url = {http://www.ijopp.org/sites/default/files/ijopp-11-7.pdf}, doi = {10.5530/ijopp.11.1.3}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-16}, volume = {11}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is essential to ensure safe use of medication. Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, behaviours and practice of ADR reporting in Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire distributed to randomly selected pharmacists in retail community pharmacies in Lagos State. The instrument is a 62 item structured questionnaire in four sections; the demographics, knowledge about ADR reporting system, assessment of practice and attitude on ADR reporting; and the behavior and practice of patients counseling about ADR by community pharmacists. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Majority (31.9%) of the respondents have practiced in community pharmacies for less than 5 years, 62.7% of the community pharmacists were familiar with adverse drug reaction reporting. 57.8% of the pharmacists have internet facility in their pharmacies and 79.4% of the respondents were aware that community pharmacists can submit adverse drug reactions online. In the preceding months, 78.4% of the pharmacists had encountered many serious ADR but only 27.0% reported them. The reasons for underreporting of ADR included uncertainty about causality (52.0%), respondents not sure of which ADR to report (38.2%), no access to reporting forms (33.8%), ignorance of the rule of reporting (30.4%), and complexity of the reporting forms (16.2%). Conclusion: There is low reporting of adverse drug reactions by community pharmacists attributable to insufficient knowledge and high level of untrained community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Key words: Adverse drug reaction (ADR); Community pharmacists; Pharmacovigilance; Reporting. |
Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Isioma Tongo Azubuike Victor Chukwuka Lawrence Ezemonye 2018. @article{Ogbeide2018, title = {Relationship between geosorbent properties and field-based partition coefficients for pesticides in surface water and sediments of selected agrarian catchments: Implications for risk assessment}, author = {Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Isioma Tongo, Azubuike Victor Chukwuka, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324030473_Relationship_between_geosorbent_properties_and_field-based_partition_coefficients_for_pesticides_in_surface_water_and_sediments_of_selected_agrarian_catchments_Implications_for_risk_assessment}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-12}, abstract = {Studies on pesticide behavior, adsorption-likelihood, and bioavailability vis-a-vis geosorbent properties and seasons, are critical for understanding pesticide-fate and risks in pesticide-prone environments. We examined the relationship between geosorbent profiles of sediments (percentage sand, silt, clay, organic carbon content) across seasons and occurrence of pesticide residues in surface water and sediment of agricultural catchments at Owan, Ogbesse and Illushi communities of Edo State, Nigeria. Pesticide concentrations were measured monthly in samples of surface water and sediments across the selected sites for 18-months. Pesticide behavior and sorption-likelihoods were examined using partition coefficients Kd (sediment-water coefficient), Koc (sediment-water coefficient normalized for organic carbon) and Log Kow (octane-water coefficient); the relationship between Kd and Koc was also examined. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pesticide levels in sediment and surface water were positively associated with the rainy season, total organic content (TOC), percentage silt and clay in sediment. Field-derived pesticide partition coefficients (Kd<100 and log Koc<3) indicated that pesticide species were largely mobile and less likely to be retained in sediments by adsorption. As such, pesticides irrespective of solubility would end up in surface water, increasing risks for pelagic biota and humans sourcing river water for domestic use. Values of Log Kow indicate that organochlorines including DDT, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide portend significant bioaccumulation risks to humans and biota across sites. The relationship between Kd and Koc for each site fitted into a quadratic model; it depicted a biphasic behavior of pesticide adsorption and desorption to sediments revealing that concentration of organic carbon across study sites was a limiting factor determining the extent of pesticide adsorption. This study demonstrates that understanding pesticide mobility using field-based partition coefficients could give a clearer picture of pesticide risks to biota and human populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies on pesticide behavior, adsorption-likelihood, and bioavailability vis-a-vis geosorbent properties and seasons, are critical for understanding pesticide-fate and risks in pesticide-prone environments. We examined the relationship between geosorbent profiles of sediments (percentage sand, silt, clay, organic carbon content) across seasons and occurrence of pesticide residues in surface water and sediment of agricultural catchments at Owan, Ogbesse and Illushi communities of Edo State, Nigeria. Pesticide concentrations were measured monthly in samples of surface water and sediments across the selected sites for 18-months. Pesticide behavior and sorption-likelihoods were examined using partition coefficients Kd (sediment-water coefficient), Koc (sediment-water coefficient normalized for organic carbon) and Log Kow (octane-water coefficient); the relationship between Kd and Koc was also examined. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pesticide levels in sediment and surface water were positively associated with the rainy season, total organic content (TOC), percentage silt and clay in sediment. Field-derived pesticide partition coefficients (Kd<100 and log Koc<3) indicated that pesticide species were largely mobile and less likely to be retained in sediments by adsorption. As such, pesticides irrespective of solubility would end up in surface water, increasing risks for pelagic biota and humans sourcing river water for domestic use. Values of Log Kow indicate that organochlorines including DDT, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide portend significant bioaccumulation risks to humans and biota across sites. The relationship between Kd and Koc for each site fitted into a quadratic model; it depicted a biphasic behavior of pesticide adsorption and desorption to sediments revealing that concentration of organic carbon across study sites was a limiting factor determining the extent of pesticide adsorption. This study demonstrates that understanding pesticide mobility using field-based partition coefficients could give a clearer picture of pesticide risks to biota and human populations. |
Usifoh SF Ighedosa SU, Aighewi IT Asemota OD Odigie EA Faboya Impact of Lassa Fever on the Practice and Consumption of Stored Food by University of Benin Community, in Benin City, Nigeria Journal Article JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, 30 (1), pp. 11, 2018. @article{SF2018, title = {Impact of Lassa Fever on the Practice and Consumption of Stored Food by University of Benin Community, in Benin City, Nigeria}, author = {Usifoh SF, Ighedosa SU, Aighewi IT, Asemota OD, Odigie EA, Faboya }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Usifoh-SFIghedosa-SUAighewi-ITAsemota-ODOdigie-EAFaboya-T-Impact-of-lassa-fever-on-the-practice-and-consumption-of-stored-food-by-university-of-benin-communityin-benin-cityNigeria.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-01}, journal = {JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria with a propensity for seasonal outbreaks in Benin City and is transmissible through consumption of food contaminated with infected rat secretions and excretions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of Lassa fever on the consumption of processed snacks and food storage practices in University of Benin campuses. Methods: The study enrolled staff and students of the University in a cross-sectional study of selected 600 respondents using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire included socio-demographics, impact of Lassa fever epidemic on the consumption of favorite processed snacks and attitude to food contaminated by rat. Results: Majority, 274 (45%) were between 15-24 years, 313 (52.2%) were females and singles were 372 (62.0%). Predominant level of education was first degree 143 (23.8%) while income per month of majority of the students was belowN20, 000.00 and above N 80,000.00 for staff. The favorite food/snacks by many students 77(25.6%) was indomie noodles and biscuits 57(18.9%), while 73 (24.3%) staff preferred bread and 52 (17.3%) other snacks. Garri (cassava flakes) was the favorite of 88(14.6%) respondents. Many 306 (50.8%) stored food in containers, some 84 (13.9%) store in cellophane bags, while a few 41 (6.8%) in lockers. When rats nibble on their favorite food/snacks, 385 (68.9%) reported that they dispose the entire food, while 155(25.7%) cut off the eaten portion and consume the rest.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria with a propensity for seasonal outbreaks in Benin City and is transmissible through consumption of food contaminated with infected rat secretions and excretions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of Lassa fever on the consumption of processed snacks and food storage practices in University of Benin campuses. Methods: The study enrolled staff and students of the University in a cross-sectional study of selected 600 respondents using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire included socio-demographics, impact of Lassa fever epidemic on the consumption of favorite processed snacks and attitude to food contaminated by rat. Results: Majority, 274 (45%) were between 15-24 years, 313 (52.2%) were females and singles were 372 (62.0%). Predominant level of education was first degree 143 (23.8%) while income per month of majority of the students was belowN20, 000.00 and above N 80,000.00 for staff. The favorite food/snacks by many students 77(25.6%) was indomie noodles and biscuits 57(18.9%), while 73 (24.3%) staff preferred bread and 52 (17.3%) other snacks. Garri (cassava flakes) was the favorite of 88(14.6%) respondents. Many 306 (50.8%) stored food in containers, some 84 (13.9%) store in cellophane bags, while a few 41 (6.8%) in lockers. When rats nibble on their favorite food/snacks, 385 (68.9%) reported that they dispose the entire food, while 155(25.7%) cut off the eaten portion and consume the rest. |
Ighodaro igbe Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, Expanding the insights into the usefulness of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms A review of its nutritional and medicinal values Journal Article JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 7 (1), pp. 12, 2018. @article{igbeigbe2018, title = {Expanding the insights into the usefulness of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms A review of its nutritional and medicinal values}, author = { Ighodaro igbe, Agbonlahor Okhuarobo, }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Agbonlahor-Okhuarobo-Ighodaro-igbe-Expanding-the-insights-into-the-usefulness-of-Brachystegia-eurycoma-Harms-A-review-of-its-nutritional-and-medicinal-values.pdf}, doi = {10.5455/jice.20170907104442}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-10}, journal = {JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Brachystegia eurycoma is a leguminous plant that is popular amongst the people of the Southern part of Nigeria for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional values. However, this legume has been grossly underutilized despite the promise that it holds for food and drug development. Hence, this review sheds light on the past and present states of research as well as the way to go regarding future research on the nutritional and medicinal values of Brachystegia eurycoma (B. eurycoma) with a view to inciting research interests that may lead to food and drug development from the plant. This review is based on a literature search of scientific journals and books from the library and electronic sources, which revealed that the seeds possess most of the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant. Extracts and purely isolated compounds from the plant have been reported to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and blood glucose lowering activities as well as lipid profile, liver enzyme, and gastrointestinal motility modulation activities. Toxicological evaluation of extracts from this plant did not show any significant acute and sub-acute toxicities in rodents. Evaluation of the gums from the seeds of the plant has proven their application as food and pharmaceutical adjutants. Taken together, the findings from this review have unveiled the need for further scientific exploration of the constituents of B. eurycoma as potential sources of new food/nutritional adjuvant and medicines.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Brachystegia eurycoma is a leguminous plant that is popular amongst the people of the Southern part of Nigeria for its ethnomedicinal and nutritional values. However, this legume has been grossly underutilized despite the promise that it holds for food and drug development. Hence, this review sheds light on the past and present states of research as well as the way to go regarding future research on the nutritional and medicinal values of Brachystegia eurycoma (B. eurycoma) with a view to inciting research interests that may lead to food and drug development from the plant. This review is based on a literature search of scientific journals and books from the library and electronic sources, which revealed that the seeds possess most of the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant. Extracts and purely isolated compounds from the plant have been reported to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and blood glucose lowering activities as well as lipid profile, liver enzyme, and gastrointestinal motility modulation activities. Toxicological evaluation of extracts from this plant did not show any significant acute and sub-acute toxicities in rodents. Evaluation of the gums from the seeds of the plant has proven their application as food and pharmaceutical adjutants. Taken together, the findings from this review have unveiled the need for further scientific exploration of the constituents of B. eurycoma as potential sources of new food/nutritional adjuvant and medicines. |
Deborah, Odejimi; Lillian, Ozor Patience THE EFFECT OF DEBTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, pp. 243, 2018, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Deborah2018, title = {THE EFFECT OF DEBTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA}, author = {Odejimi Deborah and Ozor Patience Lillian }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Odejimi-Deborah-and-Ozor-Patience-Lillian-THE-EFFECT-OF-DEBTS-ON-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-IN-WEST-AFRICA.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, pages = {243}, abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the effect of debt on economic growth in West Africa. The main objectives being to examine the effect of debt as a means of driving growth and also, some macroeconomic factors such as gross capital formation and labour quality on the resultant effect of the use of debt to drive economic growth in West Africa. Four models are specified and estimated using panel data from 1970 to 2011. The first, using the fixed and random effect regression based on the Ordinary Least Square, the second, using the 2SLSand the third and fourth using the GMM estimation techniques. The results show that debts do not have significant effect on growth in the selected West African countries with coefficients of (0.00267) and (0.00153) respectively; but upon addition of the year variable to control for time fixed effects, debt was found to have Strong effect at 1% level of significance on growth with coefficients of -0.010 and -0.0154 respectively. The negative sign indicating an inverse relationship; that is, the higher the debt stock, the lower the growth rate. This conforms to a’priori expectation. The study recommends that government should concentrate less on debts as means of driving economic growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study investigates the effect of debt on economic growth in West Africa. The main objectives being to examine the effect of debt as a means of driving growth and also, some macroeconomic factors such as gross capital formation and labour quality on the resultant effect of the use of debt to drive economic growth in West Africa. Four models are specified and estimated using panel data from 1970 to 2011. The first, using the fixed and random effect regression based on the Ordinary Least Square, the second, using the 2SLSand the third and fourth using the GMM estimation techniques. The results show that debts do not have significant effect on growth in the selected West African countries with coefficients of (0.00267) and (0.00153) respectively; but upon addition of the year variable to control for time fixed effects, debt was found to have Strong effect at 1% level of significance on growth with coefficients of -0.010 and -0.0154 respectively. The negative sign indicating an inverse relationship; that is, the higher the debt stock, the lower the growth rate. This conforms to a’priori expectation. The study recommends that government should concentrate less on debts as means of driving economic growth. |
Lawrence Ezemonye Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Mike Ajieh Contemporary Issues in Africa's Development Whither the African Renaissance? Journal Article 2018. @article{Ezemonye2018, title = {Contemporary Issues in Africa's Development Whither the African Renaissance?}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Emmanuel T Ogbomida, Mike Ajieh}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323029079_Contemporary_Issues_in_Africa\'s_Development_Whither_the_African_Renaissance}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, abstract = {This volume reports on the state of crisis in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Africa, on the eve of the ‘independence revolution’, was the continent of hope and high expectations. By the third decade of independence, optimism had been replaced by dismality. African states had been beset by ethno-political squabbles, military rule, civil wars, Islamic and insurgent movements, extreme poverty and disease. With the ascent of redemocratization in the 1990s and of ‘new’ pan-Africanism derived from the formation of the African Union, Africa appeared set to claim its vaunted destiny. This book asks, with hindsight to the first decade of the twenty-first century: how real was the renaissance in African life? If the dismal African condition is a phase in the historical development of Africa, this volume does not see any golden age in the past to which Africa aspires to return. There is clearly a continuation and persistence of crisis, with an absence of good governance, personalisation of state power, widespread disease, and policy failure in education, economy and infrastructural development. Although endowed with abundant human and natural resources, Africa remains the least developed and most indebted continent. Whither then the African Renaissance? The methodologies that underpin the contributions in this book are as diverse as the specialisations of the contributors. The collection questions ideologically protected assumptions and presumptions, presenting Africa as it is, because it is only by knowing where Africa truly stands that a proper direction can be charted for it.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This volume reports on the state of crisis in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Africa, on the eve of the ‘independence revolution’, was the continent of hope and high expectations. By the third decade of independence, optimism had been replaced by dismality. African states had been beset by ethno-political squabbles, military rule, civil wars, Islamic and insurgent movements, extreme poverty and disease. With the ascent of redemocratization in the 1990s and of ‘new’ pan-Africanism derived from the formation of the African Union, Africa appeared set to claim its vaunted destiny. This book asks, with hindsight to the first decade of the twenty-first century: how real was the renaissance in African life? If the dismal African condition is a phase in the historical development of Africa, this volume does not see any golden age in the past to which Africa aspires to return. There is clearly a continuation and persistence of crisis, with an absence of good governance, personalisation of state power, widespread disease, and policy failure in education, economy and infrastructural development. Although endowed with abundant human and natural resources, Africa remains the least developed and most indebted continent. Whither then the African Renaissance? The methodologies that underpin the contributions in this book are as diverse as the specialisations of the contributors. The collection questions ideologically protected assumptions and presumptions, presenting Africa as it is, because it is only by knowing where Africa truly stands that a proper direction can be charted for it. |
2017 |
Ogbonna J.C. I. Igbe2, Erharuyi1 Imieje1 O V O; Falodun1, A Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia Journal Article 2017, ISSN: 2315-9987. @article{Ogbonna12017, title = {Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia}, author = {Ogbonna J.C. , I. Igbe2, O. Erharuyi1, V.O. Imieje1 and A. Falodun1}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/J.C.-Ogbonna1-I.-Igbe-O.-Erharuyi-V.O.-Imieje-and-A.-Falodun-Biological-Activities-of-a-Macrocyclic-Diterpenoid-Isolated-from-the-Roots-of-Jatropha-gossypiifolia.pdf}, issn = {2315-9987}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-20}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 μg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC50 of 0.43 μg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 μg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC50 of 0.43 μg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors Journal Article International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa , 39 , pp. 154, 2017, ISSN: 1663-4144,. @article{Orhorhoro2017b, title = {Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors}, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Effect-of-Organic-Loading-Rate-OLR-on-Biogas-Yield-Using-a-Single.pdf}, issn = {1663-4144,}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-17}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa }, volume = {39}, pages = {154}, abstract = {Abstract. The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3 (1.5 kg/m3 , 2 kg/m3 , 2.5 kg/m3 , and 3 kg/m3 ). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 360 C-370 C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3 and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3 -3.0 kg/m3 .}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract. The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3 (1.5 kg/m3 , 2 kg/m3 , 2.5 kg/m3 , and 3 kg/m3 ). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 360 C-370 C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3 and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3 -3.0 kg/m3 . |
Igbe, Ighodaro; Pongri, Adarki Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats Journal Article 63 , pp. 35-47, 2017. @article{Igbe2017d, title = {Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe and Adarki Pongri}, url = {https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/hepo/63/3/article-p35.xml}, doi = {10.1515}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-09}, volume = {63}, pages = {35-47}, abstract = {Summary Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Summary Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology |
Ighodaro Igbe Osaze Edosuyi, Loretta Oghenekome Iniagh 2017. @article{Igbe2017e, title = {Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of Hunteria umbellata stem bark: possible role of the serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, Osaze Edosuyi, Loretta Oghenekome Iniagh}, url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jcim.2018.15.issue-1/jcim-2017-0099/jcim-2017-0099.xml}, doi = {2017-0099}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-05}, abstract = {Abstract Background Hunteria umbellata (HU) (K. Schum) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain, diabetes mellitus and dysmenorrhoea. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of HU stem bark and the possible mechanism(s) of action. Methods The antinociceptive effect of HU was evaluated using acetic acid mouse writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin-induced paw licking models. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of HU, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min before HU. The in vivo and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using established methods. Results The extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg, significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of writhes and paw licking times and increased pain threshold in writhing assay, paw licking and hotplate tests respectively. Pretreatment of animals with ondansetron, naloxone and haloperidol, significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) attenuated the analgesic activity of HU. The extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) radical scavenging activity (IC50 0.39 µg/mL), with high phenol content and reducing property. The total phenol content was 124.19 per gram of gallic acid. In vivo antioxidant assay showed significant (p<0.05) increase in catalase and superoxide levels. Conclusions Results obtained in this study suggest the involvement of serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways in the analgesic effect of HU stem bark, in addition to its potent antioxidant potential. Keywords: antinociceptive; antioxidant; Hunteria umbellata; opioidergic; serotonergic}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background Hunteria umbellata (HU) (K. Schum) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain, diabetes mellitus and dysmenorrhoea. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of HU stem bark and the possible mechanism(s) of action. Methods The antinociceptive effect of HU was evaluated using acetic acid mouse writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin-induced paw licking models. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of HU, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min before HU. The in vivo and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using established methods. Results The extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg, significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of writhes and paw licking times and increased pain threshold in writhing assay, paw licking and hotplate tests respectively. Pretreatment of animals with ondansetron, naloxone and haloperidol, significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) attenuated the analgesic activity of HU. The extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) radical scavenging activity (IC50 0.39 µg/mL), with high phenol content and reducing property. The total phenol content was 124.19 per gram of gallic acid. In vivo antioxidant assay showed significant (p<0.05) increase in catalase and superoxide levels. Conclusions Results obtained in this study suggest the involvement of serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways in the analgesic effect of HU stem bark, in addition to its potent antioxidant potential. Keywords: antinociceptive; antioxidant; Hunteria umbellata; opioidergic; serotonergic |
J.C. Ogbonna I. Igbe, Erharuyi Imieje Falodun O V O A Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia Journal Article Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, pp. 10, 2017, ISSN: 2315-9987. @article{Ogbonna2017, title = {Biological Activities of a Macrocyclic Diterpenoid Isolated from the Roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia}, author = {J.C. Ogbonna,I. Igbe,O. Erharuyi,V.O. Imieje,A. Falodun}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AGU-KINGSLEY-CHUKWUNONSO-2-OKOLIE-NGOZI-PAULINUS-Isolation-and-Elucidation-of-15-Acetylguanacone-from-Soursop-Annona-muricata-Linn-Fruit-and-Molecular-Docking-Experiments.pdf}, issn = {2315-9987}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-04}, journal = {Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acidinduced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 µg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC 50 of 0.43 µg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, jatrophone, antiprotozoal, analgesic, cytotoxic activity}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was to investigate the biological activity of Jatrophone, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the roots of J. gossypiifolia. Methods: Phytochemical studies followed by chromatographic separation of the methanol root bark extract led to the isolation of a macrocyclic diterpenoid, identified as jatrophone on the basis of NMR and mass spectra data and by comparison with literature. The isolated compound, jatrophone was evaluated for its antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains [D6 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant)], Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against type culture of selected fungi and bacteria. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acidinduced writhing and hot plate model in mice. The cytotoxicity was assessed against VERO cell line (monkey kidney fibroblast) using neural red uptake method. Results: Jatrophone showed significant antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities with IC50 of 0.55, 0.52 and < 0.4 µg/mL for P. falciparum (D6 strain), P. falciparum (W2 strain) and L. donovani respectively. Compound 1 was highly cytotoxic to VERO cell line with IC 50 of 0.43 µg/mL. Jatrophone demonstrated significant analgesic effect with a percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes of 54.03% and 66.35% at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed against the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study has shown that jatrophone possess antimalarial, antileishmanial, and analgesic activities. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, jatrophone, antiprotozoal, analgesic, cytotoxic activity |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Determination and Quantification of Household Solid Waste Generation for Planning Suitable Sustainable Waste Management in Nigeria Journal Article International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 5 , pp. 10, 2017, ISSN: 2349-4395. @article{Orhorhoro2017, title = {Determination and Quantification of Household Solid Waste Generation for Planning Suitable Sustainable Waste Management in Nigeria}, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ejiroghene-Kelly-OrhorhoroPatrick-Okechukwu-EbuniloGodwin-Ejuvwedia-Sadjere-Determination-and-Quantification-of-Household-Solid-Waste-Generation-for-Planning-Suitable-Sustainable-Waste.pdf}, issn = {2349-4395}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-02}, journal = {International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology}, volume = {5}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Determination and quantification of household solid waste generation for planning suitable sustainable waste management in Nigeria is paramount. This will not only help the government and institution to ascertain the volume of household solid waste generated on a daily basis, but it will as well go a long way to put in place a suitable technology for managing household solid waste generated. In this research work, 100 households in Sapele, Nigeria were used. A stratified random sampling method was applied. The household solid waste generated was collected weekly and sorted into food waste, metal waste, glass waste, paper waste, rubber and plastic waste and composition of other waste that comprises of textile, leather, ashes, etc. This was measured with a weighing balance after proper sorting. From the results of the waste survey carried out, a total of 229.53kg of household solid waste was generated per week by 100 households consisting of 334 persons. With the above figure, 0.2953kg (0.0002953tons) of solid waste was generated per household on a daily basis. By percentage composition, food waste has the highest (75%), the composition of food waste consists mainly of food left-over; vegetables, fish and meat waste, fruits, peels (cassava, yam, potato, orange, pawpaw, banana, plantain etc.). The proportion of food waste generated in Sapele, Nigeria can be compost through anaerobic digestion process rather than disposed of that has negative impact on the environment}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Determination and quantification of household solid waste generation for planning suitable sustainable waste management in Nigeria is paramount. This will not only help the government and institution to ascertain the volume of household solid waste generated on a daily basis, but it will as well go a long way to put in place a suitable technology for managing household solid waste generated. In this research work, 100 households in Sapele, Nigeria were used. A stratified random sampling method was applied. The household solid waste generated was collected weekly and sorted into food waste, metal waste, glass waste, paper waste, rubber and plastic waste and composition of other waste that comprises of textile, leather, ashes, etc. This was measured with a weighing balance after proper sorting. From the results of the waste survey carried out, a total of 229.53kg of household solid waste was generated per week by 100 households consisting of 334 persons. With the above figure, 0.2953kg (0.0002953tons) of solid waste was generated per household on a daily basis. By percentage composition, food waste has the highest (75%), the composition of food waste consists mainly of food left-over; vegetables, fish and meat waste, fruits, peels (cassava, yam, potato, orange, pawpaw, banana, plantain etc.). The proportion of food waste generated in Sapele, Nigeria can be compost through anaerobic digestion process rather than disposed of that has negative impact on the environment |
P.O. Osunde E.K Orhorhoro, Ebunilo P O B Design of Three Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant Journal Article American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 6 , pp. 321, 2017, ISSN: 2320-0847. @article{Osunde2017, title = {Design of Three Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant }, author = {P.O. Osunde, E.K Orhorhoro, P.O.B. Ebunilo}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-Osunde-E.K.-Orhorhoro-P.O.B.-Ebunilo-Design-of-Three-Stages-Continuous-Anaerobic-Digestion-AD-Plant.pdf}, issn = {2320-0847}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-02}, journal = {American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)}, volume = {6}, pages = {321}, abstract = {ABSTRACT : The AD system is extensively acceptable as an efficient process for treatment and utilization of organic waste because it has proven to be promising method for waste recycling and energy generation. However, the major problems face with existing AD plants are long hydraulic retention time and low biogas yield. Redesigning of AD plant for performance can lead to improve biogas yield at shorter hydraulic retention time. This paper is focused on the design of three stagescontinuousanaerobic digestion (AD) plant. Key analysis and concern about the design considerations, design requirement, material selection, optimum operating condition of biogas production were carried out. The major components of the plant are; stirrer shaft, bearings, reactor vessels, valves, pH meter, pressure gauge, thermometer, etc. To ensure that an efficient plant is designed for performance, the following parameters were design for; volume of reactor vessel, stress induced by total internal pressure, slurry and gas pressure, torque, drag force, stirrer shaft diameter, bearing selection, power, etc. The plant was test for performance using 35kg of non-uniform multiple feedstock mainly obtained from food waste, water hyacinth, waste water, pig and cow dung and the following process and operation parameters (volatile solid, temperature, hydraulic retention time, pressure, total solid, pH, organic loading rate) of AD system were monitored. The results obtained show that hoop stress act on the reactor vessel that is cylindrical in shape. Besides, torque of 20.2958Nm (AD1/AD2) and 24.0543Nm (AD3), stirrer shaft diameter of 20mm, maximum shear stress of 110Mpa, yield stress of 220Mpa, total internal pressure of 2.2MPa, slurry pressure of 6662.25MPa, maximum gas pressure of 2.193MPa, drag force of 33.8263N (AD1/AD2) and 60.1357N (AD3) were obtained. The performance test results with non-uniform multiple feedstock confirm reduction in hydraulic retention time (25day), improve biogas yield, stable pH values, improved organic loading rate, percentage volatile solid of 95% and percentage total solid of 10.00%. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT : The AD system is extensively acceptable as an efficient process for treatment and utilization of organic waste because it has proven to be promising method for waste recycling and energy generation. However, the major problems face with existing AD plants are long hydraulic retention time and low biogas yield. Redesigning of AD plant for performance can lead to improve biogas yield at shorter hydraulic retention time. This paper is focused on the design of three stagescontinuousanaerobic digestion (AD) plant. Key analysis and concern about the design considerations, design requirement, material selection, optimum operating condition of biogas production were carried out. The major components of the plant are; stirrer shaft, bearings, reactor vessels, valves, pH meter, pressure gauge, thermometer, etc. To ensure that an efficient plant is designed for performance, the following parameters were design for; volume of reactor vessel, stress induced by total internal pressure, slurry and gas pressure, torque, drag force, stirrer shaft diameter, bearing selection, power, etc. The plant was test for performance using 35kg of non-uniform multiple feedstock mainly obtained from food waste, water hyacinth, waste water, pig and cow dung and the following process and operation parameters (volatile solid, temperature, hydraulic retention time, pressure, total solid, pH, organic loading rate) of AD system were monitored. The results obtained show that hoop stress act on the reactor vessel that is cylindrical in shape. Besides, torque of 20.2958Nm (AD1/AD2) and 24.0543Nm (AD3), stirrer shaft diameter of 20mm, maximum shear stress of 110Mpa, yield stress of 220Mpa, total internal pressure of 2.2MPa, slurry pressure of 6662.25MPa, maximum gas pressure of 2.193MPa, drag force of 33.8263N (AD1/AD2) and 60.1357N (AD3) were obtained. The performance test results with non-uniform multiple feedstock confirm reduction in hydraulic retention time (25day), improve biogas yield, stable pH values, improved organic loading rate, percentage volatile solid of 95% and percentage total solid of 10.00%. |
Iseru Ebike, Ufuoma Emifoniye Early Characterisation of Sawdust Combustion in an Experimental Model Bubbling Fluidized Journal Article International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery, 2 (4), pp. 60, 2017, ISBN: 2536-7269. @article{Iseru2017, title = {Early Characterisation of Sawdust Combustion in an Experimental Model Bubbling Fluidized}, author = {Iseru, Ebike,Ufuoma, Emifoniye }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Iseru-EbikeUfuoma-Emifoniye-Early-Characterisation-of-Sawdust-Combustion-in-an-Experimental-Model-Bubbling-Fluidized.pdf}, isbn = {2536-7269}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-01}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Abstract: The need to explore alternative energy sources in meeting global energy demands is becoming more significant as a result of the twin problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Biomass constitutes a readily available alternative source of energy. However, there are inherent difficulties in burning biomass due to its high moisture content. Among the available technologies that can be used for biomass combustion, the fluidized bed combustor is emerging as one of the best due to its flexibility and high efficiency. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of sawdust in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. The experimentation was carried out in the locally fabricated BFBC under two biomass feed rates of 2.6kg/h and 3.5kg/h, and varying excess air (EA) values. The effects of fuel feed rate and excess air on the concentration of major gaseous emissions (CO and CO2) in flue gas, combustion efficiency, and the thermal profile along the combustor height were studied. The combustion efficiency of the fluidized bed combustor was calculated for the sawdust fired under different operating conditions, based on the CO concentration in the flue gas. A maximum efficiency of about 99 % was obtained with acceptable CO emission.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: The need to explore alternative energy sources in meeting global energy demands is becoming more significant as a result of the twin problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Biomass constitutes a readily available alternative source of energy. However, there are inherent difficulties in burning biomass due to its high moisture content. Among the available technologies that can be used for biomass combustion, the fluidized bed combustor is emerging as one of the best due to its flexibility and high efficiency. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of sawdust in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. The experimentation was carried out in the locally fabricated BFBC under two biomass feed rates of 2.6kg/h and 3.5kg/h, and varying excess air (EA) values. The effects of fuel feed rate and excess air on the concentration of major gaseous emissions (CO and CO2) in flue gas, combustion efficiency, and the thermal profile along the combustor height were studied. The combustion efficiency of the fluidized bed combustor was calculated for the sawdust fired under different operating conditions, based on the CO concentration in the flue gas. A maximum efficiency of about 99 % was obtained with acceptable CO emission. |
Osamuyi H. Uwumarongie1* Nkem D. Onwukaeme1, Ighodaro Igbe2 Phytochemical Analysis and Hypoglycaemic Activity of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf (Apocynaceae) Journal Article 2017. @article{Uwumarongie1*2017, title = {Phytochemical Analysis and Hypoglycaemic Activity of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf (Apocynaceae)}, author = {Osamuyi H. Uwumarongie1*, Nkem D. Onwukaeme1, Ighodaro Igbe2}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Osamuyi-H.-Uwumarongie-Nkem-D.-Onwukaeme-Ighodaro-Igbe.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-05}, abstract = {Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Staph. (Apocynaceae) stem bark is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of diabetes. This study determined the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the methanol stem bark extract for acute toxicity and hypoglycaemic activity in Wistar albino rats. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg body weight of extract to rats. Diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (i.p) and the hypoglycaemic effects of daily doses of 125, 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract, orally administered to fasted normal and diabetic rats for 14 days, were monitored at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, as well as on days 7 and 14. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. The extract at a dose of 4 g/kg, caused neither death nor any observable symptoms of toxicity after 24 h and then, for 14 days. In non-diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract produced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose at 8 h and 2 h, respectively. In diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract caused significant reductions (p < 0.05) at 4 h and 2 h, respectively, with maximum effect at 12 h. In both, the effect of the extract was found to be dosedependent. In conclusion, this study revealed that the methanol stem bark extract of T. pachysiphon possessed hypoglycaemic effects, thus validating the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant. Keywords: Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, acute toxicity, hypoglycaemic effect, phytochemicals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Staph. (Apocynaceae) stem bark is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of diabetes. This study determined the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the methanol stem bark extract for acute toxicity and hypoglycaemic activity in Wistar albino rats. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg body weight of extract to rats. Diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (i.p) and the hypoglycaemic effects of daily doses of 125, 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract, orally administered to fasted normal and diabetic rats for 14 days, were monitored at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, as well as on days 7 and 14. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. The extract at a dose of 4 g/kg, caused neither death nor any observable symptoms of toxicity after 24 h and then, for 14 days. In non-diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract produced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose at 8 h and 2 h, respectively. In diabetic rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg extract caused significant reductions (p < 0.05) at 4 h and 2 h, respectively, with maximum effect at 12 h. In both, the effect of the extract was found to be dosedependent. In conclusion, this study revealed that the methanol stem bark extract of T. pachysiphon possessed hypoglycaemic effects, thus validating the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant. Keywords: Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, acute toxicity, hypoglycaemic effect, phytochemicals. |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere Experimental Determination of Effect of Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solid (VS) on Biogas Yield Journal Article American Journal of Modern Energy, pp. 135, 2017, ISBN: 2575-3908. @article{Orhorhoro2017d, title = {Experimental Determination of Effect of Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solid (VS) on Biogas Yield }, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo, Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Godwin-Ejuvwedia-Sadjere-Patrick-Okechukwu-Ebunilo-Ejiroghene-Kelly-Orhorhoro-Experimental-Determination-of-Effect-of-Total-Solid-TS-and-Volatile-Solid-VS-on-Biogas-Yield.pdf}, isbn = { 2575-3908}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-16}, journal = {American Journal of Modern Energy}, pages = {135}, abstract = {Abstract: In this research work, eight different samples of substrates with varying percentage total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) were used. The samples which comprises mainly of water hyacinth, waste water (i.e., from ice fish cold room, septic tanks, and abattoir), pig dung, cow dung, corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice left over, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, sweet potato peels, garri left over, plantain peels, beans waste, banana peels and vegetables, etc., were codigested. In each of the samples, 10kg of substrates were used and the experiment was conducted within mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, pH range of 6.9-7.4 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of thirty-three (33) days. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from these substrates increase with increasing percentage volatile solid and decrease with decreasing percentage volatile solid concentration below and above the optimum value of 91.1% (2.88kg) volatile solids which gave the maximum amount of biogas yield for the samples of substrates to be 1.01kg (23.6%), 2.01kg (60.75%), 2.55kg (84.72%), 2.41kg (68.0%), 2.35kg (67.67%), 1.85kg (59.23%), 1.45kg (25.39%). Furthermore, the results obtained reveal that bio-digesters should be run at 10.16% total solids, since optimum cumulative biogas generation is achieved at this %TS concentration. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: In this research work, eight different samples of substrates with varying percentage total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) were used. The samples which comprises mainly of water hyacinth, waste water (i.e., from ice fish cold room, septic tanks, and abattoir), pig dung, cow dung, corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice left over, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, sweet potato peels, garri left over, plantain peels, beans waste, banana peels and vegetables, etc., were codigested. In each of the samples, 10kg of substrates were used and the experiment was conducted within mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, pH range of 6.9-7.4 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of thirty-three (33) days. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from these substrates increase with increasing percentage volatile solid and decrease with decreasing percentage volatile solid concentration below and above the optimum value of 91.1% (2.88kg) volatile solids which gave the maximum amount of biogas yield for the samples of substrates to be 1.01kg (23.6%), 2.01kg (60.75%), 2.55kg (84.72%), 2.41kg (68.0%), 2.35kg (67.67%), 1.85kg (59.23%), 1.45kg (25.39%). Furthermore, the results obtained reveal that bio-digesters should be run at 10.16% total solids, since optimum cumulative biogas generation is achieved at this %TS concentration. |
Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka, Ebomoyi Ikponmwonsa An Assessment of Citizens’ Participation in the 2016 Governorship Electoral Process in Edo State, Nigeria: A Content Analysis Approach Journal Article International Journal of Arts and Humanities(IJAH) Ethiopia, 6 (23), pp. 10, 2017, ISSN: 2227-5452. @article{Isiaka2017, title = {An Assessment of Citizens’ Participation in the 2016 Governorship Electoral Process in Edo State, Nigeria: A Content Analysis Approach}, author = {Mustapha Adesoye Isiaka,Ebomoyi Ikponmwonsa}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/02-1.pdf}, doi = { http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v6i4.10}, issn = { 2227-5452}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-14}, journal = {International Journal of Arts and Humanities(IJAH) Ethiopia}, volume = {6}, number = {23}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The major focus of this paper is to demonstrate the application of content analysis as a methodological tool especially in data collection in social research. In order to contextualize the essence of the paper, an assessment of the role of citizens’ participation in electoral process in Nigeria with particular reference to Edo state 2016 Governorship Election in Nigeria was done. The entire research process, starting with problem identification, study, objectives, research theme, data collection, analysis, findings and conclusion were carried out. Though a purely methodology paper, it demonstrated succinctly the expected harmony between the object of research and the tool or technique with which it is carried out. Key Words: Content analysis, methodology, social research, electoral process, citizens’ participation}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The major focus of this paper is to demonstrate the application of content analysis as a methodological tool especially in data collection in social research. In order to contextualize the essence of the paper, an assessment of the role of citizens’ participation in electoral process in Nigeria with particular reference to Edo state 2016 Governorship Election in Nigeria was done. The entire research process, starting with problem identification, study, objectives, research theme, data collection, analysis, findings and conclusion were carried out. Though a purely methodology paper, it demonstrated succinctly the expected harmony between the object of research and the tool or technique with which it is carried out. Key Words: Content analysis, methodology, social research, electoral process, citizens’ participation |
b b b Christiana Jesumirhewe a Burkhard Springer, Sarah Lepuschitz Franz Allerberger Werner Ruppitsch Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Jesumirhewe2017, title = {Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Christiana Jesumirhewe,a Burkhard Springer,b Sarah Lepuschitz,b Franz Allerberger,b Werner Ruppitsch}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Christiana-Jesumirhewe-Burkhard-Springer-Sarah-Lepuschitz-Carbapenemase-Producing.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-21}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Cyril Ogbiko Jonathan C. Eboka, Ighodaro Igbe Dabai Usman M Anti-Ulcer activity of methanol extract of Plantago rugelii Decne. (Plantaginaceae) Journal Article Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, pp. 6, 2017. @article{Ogbiko2017, title = {Anti-Ulcer activity of methanol extract of Plantago rugelii Decne. (Plantaginaceae)}, author = {Cyril Ogbiko,Jonathan C. Eboka,Ighodaro Igbe,Dabai M. Usman}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ogbiko-cyrilIghodaro-igbe..-Anti-ulcer-activity-of-methanol-extract-of-plantago-rugelii-Decne.Plantaginaceae-1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-09}, journal = {Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research}, pages = {6}, abstract = {In spite of the increase in the use of herbal medicines, there are inadequate research on their effectiveness and toxicity. Plantago rugelii is commonly used in Nigeria folk medicine as an antimicrobial agent and topical agent for open wounds amongst others. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, quantitative proximate parameters, acute toxicity and the anti ulcer capabilities of the whole plant consisting of the roots, stem and leaves using various experimental animal models and established methods. Results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, deoxy sugars, phytosterols, protein and flavonoids. Moisture content (39.64 ± 1.09 %), total ash (17.22 ± 0.22 %), water insoluble ash (6.27 ± 0.18 %), acid insoluble ash (4.93 ± 0.36 %), alcohol soluble extractive (0.98 ± 0.04 %) and water soluble extractive (0.25 ± 0.06 %) values were obtained from the quantitative proximate analysis. An infusion of the whole plant (200 and 400 mg/kg) protected against gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and HCl in 60 % (v/v) ethanol in the animals. A higher dose of 400 mg/kg body weight from 200 mg/kg body weight of the plant infusion produce a correspondingly higher gastric ulcer protective activity. There were no mortality at 8 g/kg p.o after 24 hours and no sign of delayed toxicity or mortality after 14 days of observation. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that P. rugelii can protect against aspirin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In spite of the increase in the use of herbal medicines, there are inadequate research on their effectiveness and toxicity. Plantago rugelii is commonly used in Nigeria folk medicine as an antimicrobial agent and topical agent for open wounds amongst others. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, quantitative proximate parameters, acute toxicity and the anti ulcer capabilities of the whole plant consisting of the roots, stem and leaves using various experimental animal models and established methods. Results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, deoxy sugars, phytosterols, protein and flavonoids. Moisture content (39.64 ± 1.09 %), total ash (17.22 ± 0.22 %), water insoluble ash (6.27 ± 0.18 %), acid insoluble ash (4.93 ± 0.36 %), alcohol soluble extractive (0.98 ± 0.04 %) and water soluble extractive (0.25 ± 0.06 %) values were obtained from the quantitative proximate analysis. An infusion of the whole plant (200 and 400 mg/kg) protected against gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and HCl in 60 % (v/v) ethanol in the animals. A higher dose of 400 mg/kg body weight from 200 mg/kg body weight of the plant infusion produce a correspondingly higher gastric ulcer protective activity. There were no mortality at 8 g/kg p.o after 24 hours and no sign of delayed toxicity or mortality after 14 days of observation. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that P. rugelii can protect against aspirin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals. |
S. O. Olotu I. O. Agbonile, Omoaregba James J O B O Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole in a Nigerian Cohort with First-episode Psychosis: A Post-marketing Survey Journal Article International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 10 , pp. 1-10, 2017. @article{Olotu2017, title = {Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole in a Nigerian Cohort with First-episode Psychosis: A Post-marketing Survey}, author = {S. O. Olotu, I. O. Agbonile, J. O. Omoaregba, B. O. James}, url = {http://www.journalindj.com/index.php/INDJ/article/view/13560}, doi = {10.9734/INDJ/2017/34977}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-09}, journal = {International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal}, volume = {10}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Abstract Background: Individuals with first episode psychoses often discontinue pharmacotherapy due to poor symptom remission and/or intolerable side effects. Aripiprazole has been reported to show good efficacy with low side effect profiles in Caucasians. No studies have been conducted to assess its effectiveness and tolerability in a Nigerian population hence the need for this study. Methods: A post marketing surveillance was conducted involving patients with first episode psychosis presenting to a regional tertiary psychiatric facility in Nigeria. Participants were titrated through a dose range of 10-30 mg of aripiprazole depending on response or tolerability and followed up over a 12 week period. Assessments at baseline, at 2, 6, and 12-weeks post recruitment were done to rate severity of psychopathology (CGI, PANSS), side effects (MSAS), functioning (GAF), and medication adherence (MARS). Results: Of fifty patients completing the study (49.5% drop-out rate), we observed significant improvements at 12 weeks compared to baseline in symptom remission (p<0.001), clinician rating of improvement (p<0.01), and psychosocial functioning (p<0.001). There were no significant changes compared to baseline as regards medication adherence, extra pyramidal side effects (p=0.23), fasting blood sugar (p=0.67) and fasting cholesterol (p=0.57) Conclusion: Aripiprazole may be effective and tolerable among individuals with first episode non-affective psychoses presenting at a tertiary psychiatric facility in Nigeria. Keywords: Aripiprazole, first episode psychoses, tolerability, efficacy, Nigeria}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Background: Individuals with first episode psychoses often discontinue pharmacotherapy due to poor symptom remission and/or intolerable side effects. Aripiprazole has been reported to show good efficacy with low side effect profiles in Caucasians. No studies have been conducted to assess its effectiveness and tolerability in a Nigerian population hence the need for this study. Methods: A post marketing surveillance was conducted involving patients with first episode psychosis presenting to a regional tertiary psychiatric facility in Nigeria. Participants were titrated through a dose range of 10-30 mg of aripiprazole depending on response or tolerability and followed up over a 12 week period. Assessments at baseline, at 2, 6, and 12-weeks post recruitment were done to rate severity of psychopathology (CGI, PANSS), side effects (MSAS), functioning (GAF), and medication adherence (MARS). Results: Of fifty patients completing the study (49.5% drop-out rate), we observed significant improvements at 12 weeks compared to baseline in symptom remission (p<0.001), clinician rating of improvement (p<0.01), and psychosocial functioning (p<0.001). There were no significant changes compared to baseline as regards medication adherence, extra pyramidal side effects (p=0.23), fasting blood sugar (p=0.67) and fasting cholesterol (p=0.57) Conclusion: Aripiprazole may be effective and tolerable among individuals with first episode non-affective psychoses presenting at a tertiary psychiatric facility in Nigeria. Keywords: Aripiprazole, first episode psychoses, tolerability, efficacy, Nigeria |
Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye Doris Fovwe Ogeleka1, Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida2 Precious Aghogho Odivwri Felix Ebodaghe Okieimen5 3* Toxicity of non-selective herbicide-Paraeforce® to Periwinkle snail Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula Journal Article 2017. @article{Ezemonye2017b, title = {Toxicity of non-selective herbicide-Paraeforce® to Periwinkle snail Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula}, author = {Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye, Doris Fovwe Ogeleka1, Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida2,3*, Precious Aghogho Odivwri, Felix Ebodaghe Okieimen5}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AAES-02-03-011.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-25}, abstract = {Periwinkle snails Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula, an important shellfish in the Niger Delta ecological zone are on the decline and they have not been considered in environmental risk assess-ment due to the lack of standardized protocols. The gastropod is an abundant species and widely distributed in the aquatic Niger Delta environments. In this study T. fuscatus var radula was exposed to ParaeForce(e), a solution of paraquat dichloride, a non-selective commonly used organo-chlorine herbicide due to it sensitivity to chemical compounds, as pollution indicators. The effect of lethal and sub lethal exposure of ParaeForce® was assessed using the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) #218 protocol to determine the toxicity and safe limit concentrations. The lethal exposure gave an average LC50 of 0.665 mg/kg with a safe limit of 0.0665 mg/kg. The sub lethal test showed that the exposed organisms reduced significantly in body mass at levels of P < 0.05 when compared to the control experiment. Mean percent growth rate relative to the control reduced from 100% to 47% while the highest growth inhibition of 53% was observed in the highest concentration. Thus, the release of the test chemical and other similar herbi-cides into the environment may cause alteration and loss of body mass in periwinkle molluscs due to their toxic potentials. It is important to exercise caution in the application of this herbicide especially in the aquatic environment for weed control.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Periwinkle snails Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula, an important shellfish in the Niger Delta ecological zone are on the decline and they have not been considered in environmental risk assess-ment due to the lack of standardized protocols. The gastropod is an abundant species and widely distributed in the aquatic Niger Delta environments. In this study T. fuscatus var radula was exposed to ParaeForce(e), a solution of paraquat dichloride, a non-selective commonly used organo-chlorine herbicide due to it sensitivity to chemical compounds, as pollution indicators. The effect of lethal and sub lethal exposure of ParaeForce® was assessed using the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) #218 protocol to determine the toxicity and safe limit concentrations. The lethal exposure gave an average LC50 of 0.665 mg/kg with a safe limit of 0.0665 mg/kg. The sub lethal test showed that the exposed organisms reduced significantly in body mass at levels of P < 0.05 when compared to the control experiment. Mean percent growth rate relative to the control reduced from 100% to 47% while the highest growth inhibition of 53% was observed in the highest concentration. Thus, the release of the test chemical and other similar herbi-cides into the environment may cause alteration and loss of body mass in periwinkle molluscs due to their toxic potentials. It is important to exercise caution in the application of this herbicide especially in the aquatic environment for weed control. |
EK Orhorhoro, POB Ebunilo ; Sadjere, EG Design of Bio-Waste Grinding Machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) System Journal Article European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2017, ISSN: 2394 - 658X. @article{Orhorhoro2017c, title = {Design of Bio-Waste Grinding Machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) System }, author = {EK Orhorhoro, POB Ebunilo and EG Sadjere}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EK-Orhorhoro-POB-Ebunilo-and-EG-Sadjere-Design-of-Bio-Waste-Grinding-Machine-for-Anaerobic-Digestion-AD-System-1.pdf}, issn = {2394 - 658X}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-04}, journal = {European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This research work focus on the design of bio-waste grinding machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) system. Two different conceptual designs were drawn; the best conceptual design was selected for detail design using decision matrix. The results obtained from the detail design show that a grinding force and power of 150N and 2.5 horse power (HP) were required for grinding an average mass of 5.87 kg of bio-waste. The machine was evaluated for performance and from the analysis, the machine was efficient (71.08%) and it was able to grind the bio-waste to the required sizes. Besides, the fine particles size has shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an improved biogas yields. Therefore, for optimum biogas yields, bio-waste grinding machine is required. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT This research work focus on the design of bio-waste grinding machine for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) system. Two different conceptual designs were drawn; the best conceptual design was selected for detail design using decision matrix. The results obtained from the detail design show that a grinding force and power of 150N and 2.5 horse power (HP) were required for grinding an average mass of 5.87 kg of bio-waste. The machine was evaluated for performance and from the analysis, the machine was efficient (71.08%) and it was able to grind the bio-waste to the required sizes. Besides, the fine particles size has shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an improved biogas yields. Therefore, for optimum biogas yields, bio-waste grinding machine is required. |
Asibor R. E. & Omokhuale, E; Asibor, V O Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes Journal Article International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology, 4 (7), pp. 138, 2017, ISSN: 2313-3759. @article{Asibor2017, title = {Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes}, author = {Asibor, R. E. & Omokhuale, E. and Asibor, V. O}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Asibor-R.-E.-Omokhuale-E.-and-Asibor-V.-O.-Variable-thermal-conductivity-on-Jeffery-fluid-past-a-vertical-porous-plate-with-heat-and-mass-fluxes.pdf}, issn = {2313-3759}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-01}, journal = {International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology}, volume = {4}, number = {7}, pages = {138}, abstract = {ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration. |
Isioma Tongo Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Tongo2017, title = {Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Isioma Tongo, Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316632196_Distribution_characterization_and_human_health_risk_assessment_of_polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbons_PAHs_in_Ovia_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-15}, abstract = {The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.23 × 10⁻⁵ mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.23 × 10⁻⁵ mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects. |
Adetayo Olorunlana Olatunji Olaosebikan, Samuel Ojima Adejoh Maternal Health: a Qualitative Study of Male Partners’ Participation in Lagos, Nigeria Journal Article International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25 , 2017. @article{Olorunlana2017, title = {Maternal Health: a Qualitative Study of Male Partners’ Participation in Lagos, Nigeria}, author = {Adetayo Olorunlana,Olatunji Olaosebikan,Samuel Ojima Adejoh}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-017-9659-y}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-05}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, volume = {25}, abstract = {Purpose Male involvement in maternal healthcare has been described as a key factor to reducing maternal mortality globally. Hence, this study investigated the choice of facility to be used during pregnancy and examined factors that influence male participation in maternal healthcare issues of their spouses as these factors may sometimes influence the choice of health care services for pregnant women. Method The study was cross-sectional in design; the setting was at Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria. Thirty married men with at least the experience of birth of baby, who consented to participate, were purposively recruited for the study. Data were transcribed and content analysed using free narrative. Result The results show that orthodox health care, traditional birth attendance (TBA), and faith healing were utilised by the respondents. The majority of the participants identified cost of health care services, economic recession, and their job demand as the reasons for their non-active participation in accompanying their spouses for antenatal clinic visit. Conclusion However, to increase the level of men’s participation in maternal healthcare, especially visiting antenatal clinic with spouses, antenatal services should be free of any monetary charges so as to encourage men to be involved and not look for excuses of financial needs. Utilisation of skilled birth attendance should be reinvigorated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose Male involvement in maternal healthcare has been described as a key factor to reducing maternal mortality globally. Hence, this study investigated the choice of facility to be used during pregnancy and examined factors that influence male participation in maternal healthcare issues of their spouses as these factors may sometimes influence the choice of health care services for pregnant women. Method The study was cross-sectional in design; the setting was at Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria. Thirty married men with at least the experience of birth of baby, who consented to participate, were purposively recruited for the study. Data were transcribed and content analysed using free narrative. Result The results show that orthodox health care, traditional birth attendance (TBA), and faith healing were utilised by the respondents. The majority of the participants identified cost of health care services, economic recession, and their job demand as the reasons for their non-active participation in accompanying their spouses for antenatal clinic visit. Conclusion However, to increase the level of men’s participation in maternal healthcare, especially visiting antenatal clinic with spouses, antenatal services should be free of any monetary charges so as to encourage men to be involved and not look for excuses of financial needs. Utilisation of skilled birth attendance should be reinvigorated. |
Lateef Abiola Akinpelu Theophilus Adekunle Adegbuyi, Samuel Sunday Agboola Julius Kayode Olaonipekun Idowu Julius Olawuni Adesoji Mutiu Adegoke Idris Ajayi Oyemitan Gbola Olayiwola Antidepressant Activity and Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Vigna Unguiculata ssp. Dekindtiana (L.) Walp Dried Aerial Part in Mice Journal Article International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, 2017. @article{Akinpelu2017, title = {Antidepressant Activity and Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Vigna Unguiculata ssp. Dekindtiana (L.) Walp Dried Aerial Part in Mice}, author = {Lateef Abiola Akinpelu, Theophilus Adekunle Adegbuyi, Samuel Sunday Agboola, Julius Kayode Olaonipekun, Idowu Julius Olawuni, Adesoji Mutiu Adegoke, Idris Ajayi Oyemitan, Gbola Olayiwola}, url = {http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=5746}, doi = {10.13189/ijnbs.2017.050102 }, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-17}, journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Objective: Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (L.) Walp is used in traditional practice to treat depression-like disorders in some communities of Southwest Nigeria. This study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of the aqueous fraction of the dried aerial parts of V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (AFVU). Methodology: AFVU was evaluated for antidepressant effect on the force-swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and locomotor activity (LC) in the open field test (OFT) using mice; and its probable neural mechanism(s) investigated using various receptor antagonists. Elemental composition (EC) and phyto-constituents of AFVU were analyzed using standard methods. Results: The AFVU (600 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the immobility time of mice in FST and TST without significant (p<0.05) effect on LC, suggesting that its antidepressant-like effect is specific; anti-immobility effect of AFVU was significantly (p<0.05) blocked by intraperitoneal injection of prazosin (62.5 µg/kg), yohimbine, (1 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (3 mg/kg), sulpiride (50 mg/kg), methylene blue (10 mg/kg) and L-NNA (10 mg/kg) suggesting adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and nitergic pathways. The EC assured its safety; while phenols and alkaloids were the most abundant phytoconstituents in AFVU. Conclusion: This study concluded that AFVU possessed antidepressant-like effects which may be mediated through multiple receptor pathways. KEYWORDS Fabaceae, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Elemental Composition, Phytoconstituents, Forced-swimming Test, Tail Suspension Test, Receptor Antagonists}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Objective: Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (L.) Walp is used in traditional practice to treat depression-like disorders in some communities of Southwest Nigeria. This study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of the aqueous fraction of the dried aerial parts of V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (AFVU). Methodology: AFVU was evaluated for antidepressant effect on the force-swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and locomotor activity (LC) in the open field test (OFT) using mice; and its probable neural mechanism(s) investigated using various receptor antagonists. Elemental composition (EC) and phyto-constituents of AFVU were analyzed using standard methods. Results: The AFVU (600 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the immobility time of mice in FST and TST without significant (p<0.05) effect on LC, suggesting that its antidepressant-like effect is specific; anti-immobility effect of AFVU was significantly (p<0.05) blocked by intraperitoneal injection of prazosin (62.5 µg/kg), yohimbine, (1 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (3 mg/kg), sulpiride (50 mg/kg), methylene blue (10 mg/kg) and L-NNA (10 mg/kg) suggesting adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and nitergic pathways. The EC assured its safety; while phenols and alkaloids were the most abundant phytoconstituents in AFVU. Conclusion: This study concluded that AFVU possessed antidepressant-like effects which may be mediated through multiple receptor pathways. KEYWORDS Fabaceae, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Elemental Composition, Phytoconstituents, Forced-swimming Test, Tail Suspension Test, Receptor Antagonists |
Alex Enuneku Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017. @article{Enuneku2017b, title = {Levels, Distribution, Characterization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Side Soils and Earthworms from Urban High Traffic Areas in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316947614_Levels_Distribution_Characterization_and_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Road_Side_Soils_and_Earthworms_from_Urban_High_Traffic_Areas_in_Benin_Metropolis_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-11}, journal = { Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering}, abstract = {Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued. |
Alex Enuneku Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye 2017. @article{Enuneku2017, title = {Levels, Distribution, Characterization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Side Soils and Earthworms from Urban High Traffic Areas in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Alex Enuneku, Ekene Biose, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316947614_Levels_Distribution_Characterization_and_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Road_Side_Soils_and_Earthworms_from_Urban_High_Traffic_Areas_in_Benin_Metropolis_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-03}, abstract = {Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Soil and earthworm (Aporrectodea longa) samples were collected from roadsides along urban high traffic areas (HTAs) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters of soils were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Concentrations of heavy metals in samples collected were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out using standard indices. Heavy metal levels in soils of HTAs followed the order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of heavy metal distribution showed a distinct separation of soils of the pristine area from the HTAs. Contamination Factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Pb and Cd in all HTAs and Enrichment Factor (EF) indicated significant enrichment for Pb. Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that all HTAs were polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the soils of HTAs were heavily and extremely polluted with Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed extremely strong pollution for Cd. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for earthworms were less than 1 except for Zn at New Benin high traffic area. These indices indicated anthropogenic sources of pollution and portend potential ecological risk. A regular monitoring of the Benin Metropolis for heavy metal contamination and policies that encourage reduction of traffic related contamination should be vigorously pursued. |
Lawrence Ezemonye, Isioma Tongo ; Akpeh, Kingsley Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria Journal Article 2017. @article{Ezemonye2017, title = {Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria}, author = {Lawrence Ezemonye, Isioma Tongo and Kingsley Akpeh}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-017-5931-5}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-02}, abstract = {Abstract The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10−7 to 5.23 × 10−5 mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10−7 to 5.23 × 10−5 mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects |
IGBE IGHODARO, AGU KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO OKOLIE NGOZI PAULINUS FALODUN ABIODUN ERHARUYI OSAYEMWENRE ELEKOFEHINTI OLUSOLA OLALEKAN EDOSA RICHARD OSARO OGHAGBON STEPHEN EWEMADE. Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments Journal Article 21 , 2017, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{IGBE2017, title = {Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments}, author = {IGBE, IGHODARO, AGU, KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO, OKOLIE, NGOZI PAULINUS, FALODUN, ABIODUN ERHARUYI, OSAYEMWENRE, ELEKOFEHINTI, OLUSOLA OLALEKAN EDOSA, RICHARD OSARO, OGHAGBON, STEPHEN EWEMADE. }, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/155467/145100}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-10}, volume = {21}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM |
IGBE IGHODARO, AGU KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO OKOLIE NGOZI PAULINUS FALODUN ABIODUN ERHARUYI OSAYEMWENRE ELEKOFEHINTI OLUSOLA OLALEKAN EDOSA RICHARD OSARO OGHAGBON STEPHEN EWEMADE. Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments Journal Article 21 , 2017, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{IGBE2017b, title = {Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments}, author = {IGBE, IGHODARO, AGU, KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO, OKOLIE, NGOZI PAULINUS, FALODUN, ABIODUN ERHARUYI, OSAYEMWENRE, ELEKOFEHINTI, OLUSOLA OLALEKAN EDOSA, RICHARD OSARO, OGHAGBON, STEPHEN EWEMADE. }, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/155467/145100}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-10}, volume = {21}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM |
IGBE IGHODARO, AGU KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO OKOLIE NGOZI PAULINUS FALODUN ABIODUN ERHARUYI OSAYEMWENRE ELEKOFEHINTI OLUSOLA OLALEKAN EDOSA RICHARD OSARO OGHAGBON STEPHEN EWEMADE. Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments Journal Article 21 , 2017. @article{IGBE2017c, title = {Isolation and Elucidation of 15-Acetylguanacone from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Fruit and Molecular Docking Experiments }, author = {IGBE, IGHODARO, AGU, KINGSLEY CHUKWUNONSO, OKOLIE, NGOZI PAULINUS, FALODUN, ABIODUN, ERHARUYI, OSAYEMWENRE, ELEKOFEHINTI, OLUSOLA OLALEKAN, EDOSA, RICHARD OSARO OGHAGBON, STEPHEN EWEMADE. }, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/155467/145100}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-10}, volume = {21}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT: Annona muricata (Soursop) has attracted attention due to its content of annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the genus Annonaceae. The ethyl acetate fraction of Annona muricata was subjected to standard isolation protocol-gradient and isocratic silica gel column chromatography- to obtain three waxy and whitish amorphous compounds, 002/A1, 002/A2 and 002/C. The structure of compound 200/A2 was elucidated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electron impact (EI+) mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight of 200/A2 was determined as 662 by EI-MS ([M+H]+ : m/z = 662.1) leading to the molecular formula C39H66O8 as obtained using high resolution MS. The existence of an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, non-hydroxylated at the C-4 position, was suggested by an IR carbonyl absorption at 1735.9 cm-1 and 1662.7 cm-1; the IR also gave signal for hydroxyl group at 3339.0 cm-1. The presence of a characteristic vinyl proton δ 7.24 (H-35, d), which is characteristic for α, βunsaturated γ-lactone was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum. The compound was thus elucidated to be 15-acetyl guanacone, an acetogenin. This acetogenin has not been reported in Annona muricata previously. The compound was subsequently subjected to molecular docking experiments which revealed that it targets and binds to vascular endothelial growth factor 2, VEGF2 (-8.5kcal/mole) and α1 β2 integrin (-6.8kcal/mole), This thus suggests that 15-acetyl guanacone prevents metastasis and invasion by cancer cells, and ultimately initiates apoptosis. © JASEM |
Maureen U Okwu, Olley Mitsan 21 (1), pp. 5, 2017, ISSN: 2356-3664. @article{Okwu2017, title = {The Prevalence of Antibiotic and Toothpaste Sensitivity found in Oral Streptococcal Isolates in Healthy Individuals in the Okada Community of Nigeria}, author = {Maureen U Okwu, Olley Mitsan }, url = {journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/health/article/viewArticle/6461}, doi = {https://doi/org/10.7454/msk.v21i1.6461}, issn = {2356-3664}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-05}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, abstract = {Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S. salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans. At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study. Keywords antibiotics; dental caries; fluorides, oral streptococci; thymol; toothpastes}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S. salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans. At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study. Keywords antibiotics; dental caries; fluorides, oral streptococci; thymol; toothpastes |
JC Nwanze Alli JAO, Okonko IO Odu NN Kolade AF Detection and prevalence of Candida isolates among patients in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria Journal Article 1 (3), 2017. @article{Nwanze2017, title = {Detection and prevalence of Candida isolates among patients in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria}, author = {JC Nwanze, Alli JAO, Okonko IO, Odu NN, Kolade AF }, url = {https://www.jmbronline.com/index.php/JMBR/article/view/48}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-31}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, abstract = {Abstract Objective: This study aimed to detect and determine the prevalence of Candida isolates among patients attending special treatment clinic at UCH in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods and results: A total of one hundred patients (47 males and 53 females) of different ages and socioeconomic status attending special treatment clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan, were enrolled in this study. Samples of high vaginal swab (HVS) were collected per participant and processed using standard bacteriological methods. A total of 22 Candidaisolates were obtained in this study, of which 12 (60.0%) were predominantly Candida albican and 10(40.0%) was Candida species. The isolates were obtained from majority (20.0%) of the subjects who presented with vaginitis/vaginal discharges, 18.0% presented with urethral itching/urethral discharges, 7.0% had clinical symptoms of candidiasis, 5.0% gonococcal urethtitis, 3.0% had haematuria and infertility, 2.0% had PID and 1.0% had dysuria while 22.0% did not state their clinical presentations and 19.0% came for check ups.Conclusion and application of findings: Extremely high prevalence of Candida albican and Candida species were documented in this study. Although the prevalence of these organisms was high, it was similar to that found in other parts of Nigeria. These findings should be taken into account in further research concerning presence of Candida isolates among patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Nigeria. Key words: Candida albican, Candida species, pathogens colonization, HVS, STDs, Nigeria}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Objective: This study aimed to detect and determine the prevalence of Candida isolates among patients attending special treatment clinic at UCH in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods and results: A total of one hundred patients (47 males and 53 females) of different ages and socioeconomic status attending special treatment clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan, were enrolled in this study. Samples of high vaginal swab (HVS) were collected per participant and processed using standard bacteriological methods. A total of 22 Candidaisolates were obtained in this study, of which 12 (60.0%) were predominantly Candida albican and 10(40.0%) was Candida species. The isolates were obtained from majority (20.0%) of the subjects who presented with vaginitis/vaginal discharges, 18.0% presented with urethral itching/urethral discharges, 7.0% had clinical symptoms of candidiasis, 5.0% gonococcal urethtitis, 3.0% had haematuria and infertility, 2.0% had PID and 1.0% had dysuria while 22.0% did not state their clinical presentations and 19.0% came for check ups.Conclusion and application of findings: Extremely high prevalence of Candida albican and Candida species were documented in this study. Although the prevalence of these organisms was high, it was similar to that found in other parts of Nigeria. These findings should be taken into account in further research concerning presence of Candida isolates among patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Nigeria. Key words: Candida albican, Candida species, pathogens colonization, HVS, STDs, Nigeria |
Muritala Ayofe Adebayo Adedokun Oluwasegun, Ayinde Bunyaminu Adesina ; Ogochukwu, Ume American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products, pp. 33-36, 2017, ISSN: 2321-9114 . @article{Adebayo2017, title = {Comparative studies on In-vitro radical scavenging potential of methanol extracts of Garcinia kola heck (Clusiaceae) seeds, Conyza sumatrensis retz (Asteraceae) and Mitracarpus scaber zucc (Rubiaceae) leaves }, author = { Muritala Ayofe Adebayo, Adedokun Oluwasegun, Ayinde Bunyaminu Adesina and Ume Ogochukwu }, url = {http://www.essencejournal.com/pdf/2017/vol5issue2/PartA/5-1-34-121.pdf}, issn = {2321-9114 }, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-25}, journal = {American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products}, pages = {33-36}, abstract = {Abstract Dating back to history, widespread use of plants as natural herbal remedies has remained a thing of consideration. In this research, the comparative study on antioxidants or free radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts of Garcinia kola nut seeds, Conyza sumatrensis and Mitracarpus scaber leaves were evaluated in a series of radical (ROS) scavenging assays involving total antioxidants studies using 1,1-diphenyl 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power assay, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However, phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides and reducing sugars. The lowest and highest amount of phenolic compounds were observed in G. kola (0.31 ± 0.52 mg⁄g) and M. scaber (0.48 ± 0.15 mg⁄g), which in turn exhibited the greatest amount of flavonoid (0.32 ± 0.15 mg⁄g). The extracts of all the examined plants, exhibited a marked antioxidants scavenging effects at the various concentration ranging from 20 - 100 µg/ml using Vitamin C as the reference drug. M. scaber exhibited the highest radical scavenging potential in a concentration dependent manner relative to Vitamin C while C. sumatrensis exhibited the least activity among the examined samples. Similar activities were observed in reducing power assay with all plants exhibiting a low activity relative to Vitamin C (standard drug) at P ≤0.05. In conclusion, findings of this research experimentally justify the ethnopharmacological claim of the usage of M. scaber in treatment of oxidative stress induced ailment. Keywords: Antioxidant, Garcinia kola, Conyza sumatrensis, Mitracarpus scaber, Vitamin C}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Dating back to history, widespread use of plants as natural herbal remedies has remained a thing of consideration. In this research, the comparative study on antioxidants or free radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts of Garcinia kola nut seeds, Conyza sumatrensis and Mitracarpus scaber leaves were evaluated in a series of radical (ROS) scavenging assays involving total antioxidants studies using 1,1-diphenyl 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power assay, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However, phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides and reducing sugars. The lowest and highest amount of phenolic compounds were observed in G. kola (0.31 ± 0.52 mg⁄g) and M. scaber (0.48 ± 0.15 mg⁄g), which in turn exhibited the greatest amount of flavonoid (0.32 ± 0.15 mg⁄g). The extracts of all the examined plants, exhibited a marked antioxidants scavenging effects at the various concentration ranging from 20 - 100 µg/ml using Vitamin C as the reference drug. M. scaber exhibited the highest radical scavenging potential in a concentration dependent manner relative to Vitamin C while C. sumatrensis exhibited the least activity among the examined samples. Similar activities were observed in reducing power assay with all plants exhibiting a low activity relative to Vitamin C (standard drug) at P ≤0.05. In conclusion, findings of this research experimentally justify the ethnopharmacological claim of the usage of M. scaber in treatment of oxidative stress induced ailment. Keywords: Antioxidant, Garcinia kola, Conyza sumatrensis, Mitracarpus scaber, Vitamin C |
ADARKI PONGRI, IGHODARO IGBE Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats Journal Article 63 , 2017. @article{PONGRI2017, title = {Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats}, author = {ADARKI PONGRI, IGHODARO IGBE}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ADARKI-PONGRI-IGHODARO-IGBE-Acute-and-sub-chronic-toxicity-evaluation-of-aqueous-extract-from-stem-bark.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/hepo-2017-0017}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-14}, volume = {63}, abstract = {Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects. Keywords: Grewia mollis, LD50, subchronic, haematology, histopathology |
Asibor R. E., Omokhuale E; Asibor, V O Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes Technical Report 2017. @techreport{Asibor, title = {Variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid past a vertical porous plate with heat and mass fluxes}, author = {Asibor, R. E., Omokhuale, E. and Asibor, V. O}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AJSIR-1.docx}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-27}, abstract = {In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In this study, the influence of variable thermal conductivity on Jeffery fluid with heat and mass transfer was studied. The Rosseland approximation has been used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations in dimensionless form have been solved numerically by implicit finite difference schemes of Crank-Nicolson type. Results were presented graphically showing the effects of various physical parameters associated with the fluid such as ; Jeffery parameter, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, Schmidtl number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Dufour number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, heat generation parameter, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration. |
and Lawan Hassan Adamu Samuel Adeniyi Ojo, Barnabas Danborno Sunday Samuel Adebisi Magaji Garba Taura Evaluation of Facial Proportions and Their Association with Thumbprint Patterns among Hausa Ethnic Group Journal Article Journal of Anthropology, pp. 12, 2017. @article{Adamu2017, title = {Evaluation of Facial Proportions and Their Association with Thumbprint Patterns among Hausa Ethnic Group}, author = {Lawan Hassan Adamu, Samuel Adeniyi Ojo, Barnabas Danborno, Sunday Samuel Adebisi,and Magaji Garba Taura}, url = {file:///C:/Users/Joel/AppData/Local/Temp/9571470.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-19}, journal = {Journal of Anthropology}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Background. Evolutionary forces such as founder effect resulted in reproductive isolation and reduced genetic diversity may have led to ethnic variation in the facial appearance and other features like fingerprints pattern. Aim. To determine the pattern of facial proportion based on neoclassical facial canon. The associations between facial proportions and thumbprint patterns were also investigated. Subject and Methods. A total of 534 subjects of 18–25 years of age participated. Direct sensing and photographs methods were used to determine fingerprint and facial features, respectively. Fisher’s Exact test was used to test for association between variables. Results. It was observed that in both males and females there was no (0%) occurrence of classical canon of facial proportion. There was also no association between sex and facial proportions. A significant association was found in between thumbprint patterns and vertical class III neoclassical facial proportion only when the frequency of both left and right thumbprint patterns was considered a single entity. There is no significant association between the thumbprint patterns of the right and left thumbs with vertical horizontal facial proportions in male and female participants. It was observed that right and left thumbs have more tendency of significance with facial proportion in males and females, respectively. Conclusion. Fingerprint pattern and its associated features may be controlled by a different mechanism such that the two may correlate differently with other features as the case may be with facial features.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background. Evolutionary forces such as founder effect resulted in reproductive isolation and reduced genetic diversity may have led to ethnic variation in the facial appearance and other features like fingerprints pattern. Aim. To determine the pattern of facial proportion based on neoclassical facial canon. The associations between facial proportions and thumbprint patterns were also investigated. Subject and Methods. A total of 534 subjects of 18–25 years of age participated. Direct sensing and photographs methods were used to determine fingerprint and facial features, respectively. Fisher’s Exact test was used to test for association between variables. Results. It was observed that in both males and females there was no (0%) occurrence of classical canon of facial proportion. There was also no association between sex and facial proportions. A significant association was found in between thumbprint patterns and vertical class III neoclassical facial proportion only when the frequency of both left and right thumbprint patterns was considered a single entity. There is no significant association between the thumbprint patterns of the right and left thumbs with vertical horizontal facial proportions in male and female participants. It was observed that right and left thumbs have more tendency of significance with facial proportion in males and females, respectively. Conclusion. Fingerprint pattern and its associated features may be controlled by a different mechanism such that the two may correlate differently with other features as the case may be with facial features. |
2016 |
Isioma Tongo Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Lawrence Ezemonye Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Smoked Fish Species from Markets in Southern Nigeria. Journal Article 2016. @article{Tongo2016b, title = {Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Smoked Fish Species from Markets in Southern Nigeria.}, author = {Isioma Tongo, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311990943_Human_Health_Risk_Assessment_of_Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_PAHs_in_Smoked_Fish_Species_from_Markets_in_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-06}, abstract = {Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in four commonly consumed smoked fish species from markets in Southern Nigeria were assessed to evaluate possible human health risks associated with consumption. Varying levels of PAH congeners were observed in the fish tissues with the highest total concentration of PAHs in Scomber scombrus. High concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene was observed in Clarias gariepinus and Ethmalosa fimbriata with values above the guideline value of 0.05mg/kg. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values of individual PAH congeners were all above the recommended reference dose for all the fish species. Carcinogenic human health risk assessment using carcinogenic toxic equivalents (TEQ), indicated that consumption of E. fimbriata has a higher potential to cause carcinogenic risks. TEQ values for all the fish species were above the estimated screening value (SV) of 0.022mg/kg, while the estimated excess cancer risk (ECR) and PAH4 index exceeded threshold values indicating potential carcinogenic risk from consumption.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in four commonly consumed smoked fish species from markets in Southern Nigeria were assessed to evaluate possible human health risks associated with consumption. Varying levels of PAH congeners were observed in the fish tissues with the highest total concentration of PAHs in Scomber scombrus. High concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene was observed in Clarias gariepinus and Ethmalosa fimbriata with values above the guideline value of 0.05mg/kg. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values of individual PAH congeners were all above the recommended reference dose for all the fish species. Carcinogenic human health risk assessment using carcinogenic toxic equivalents (TEQ), indicated that consumption of E. fimbriata has a higher potential to cause carcinogenic risks. TEQ values for all the fish species were above the estimated screening value (SV) of 0.022mg/kg, while the estimated excess cancer risk (ECR) and PAH4 index exceeded threshold values indicating potential carcinogenic risk from consumption. |
Isioma Tongo Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye Levels, Distribution and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria. Journal Article 2016. @article{Tongo2016, title = {Levels, Distribution and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria.}, author = {Isioma Tongo, Kingsley Akpeh, Lawrence Ezemonye, }, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311848992_Levels_Distribution_and_Characterization_of_Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_PAHs_in_Ovia_River_Southern_Nigeria}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-05}, abstract = {The concentration and distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples collected from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile of the river. The concentrations of PAHs were measured to reflect the spatial and monthly distribution of PAHs in the matrices. Mean concentrations of total PAHs (∑PAHs) in surface water samples ranged from 2.33 to 25.83 μg/L sediment, 5.25 to 573.33 μg/kg-dry weight (dw) and fish (Clarias gariepinus), 10 to 914.17 μg/kg-wet weight (ww). There was a considerable predominance of the 2 and 3-rings PAHs in all the matrices. Spatial variations showed high concentrations of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. The ratios of specific PAHs compounds in sediment reflected the predominance of petrogenic PAHs sources. PAH concentrations in water were observed to be above the guideline value (0.05 μg/L) for PAHs in drinking water which calls for serious pollution concern, as this river serves as drinking water source for people of the community. Do }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The concentration and distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples collected from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile of the river. The concentrations of PAHs were measured to reflect the spatial and monthly distribution of PAHs in the matrices. Mean concentrations of total PAHs (∑PAHs) in surface water samples ranged from 2.33 to 25.83 μg/L sediment, 5.25 to 573.33 μg/kg-dry weight (dw) and fish (Clarias gariepinus), 10 to 914.17 μg/kg-wet weight (ww). There was a considerable predominance of the 2 and 3-rings PAHs in all the matrices. Spatial variations showed high concentrations of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. The ratios of specific PAHs compounds in sediment reflected the predominance of petrogenic PAHs sources. PAH concentrations in water were observed to be above the guideline value (0.05 μg/L) for PAHs in drinking water which calls for serious pollution concern, as this river serves as drinking water source for people of the community. Do |
Stella F Usifoh Stephena U Ighedosa, Cynthia Oboh ; Aika, Isabel N Awareness and prevalence of lifestyle drug use among social science students in University of Benin, Benin City Journal Article 2016, ISSN: 2449-0458. @article{Usifoh2016, title = {Awareness and prevalence of lifestyle drug use among social science students in University of Benin, Benin City}, author = {Stella F Usifoh, Stephena U Ighedosa, Cynthia Oboh and Isabel N Aika}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Stella-F-Usifoh1-Stephena-U-Ighedosa-Cynthia-Oboh-and-Isabel-N-Aika-Awareness-and-Prevalence-of-Lifestyle-Drug-Use-among-Social-Science-students-in-University-of-Benin-City-1.pdf}, issn = {2449-0458}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-03}, abstract = {Purpose: The study was to determine the level of awareness and prevalence of the use of Lifestyle Drugs (LD) by Social Science Students (SSS) in the University of Benin, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, and Nigeria. Open and close ended questionnaires made up of 40 items on demographic, knowledge of LD, types of LD used by participants, frequency of use, quantity of LD used and reasons for the use of lifestyle drugs was administered to 400 participants. Results: Out of 400 students that filled the selfadministered questionnaire 210 (52.50%) were males and majority were single (91.25%) and between 18 - 24 years. High proportion of respondents (45.2%) was not aware of LD drugs even if they had used them before. Caffeine was the drug commonly used by respondents with 85% admitting taking it while65.3% used nutritional supplements. Other LD with high frequency of usage were topical skin lightening drugs (45%), alcohol (41.5%) and narcotics (31%). Majority of respondents habitually used caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol, Cannabis, and Codeine for recreational purpose. Only 3.7% of oral contraceptive users did so with a prescription, while 10% used them for lifestyle modification. Some males (3.2%) who used drugs for sexual enhancement were given a prescription for those drugs, while other users did not get any prescription. About 16.2% of respondents used topical creams because they received prescription for them, 29.2% used these creams for lifestyle modification. Most participants who used nutritional supplements solely did so to modify their lifestyle. Conclusion: Many Social Science Students of the University of Benin lacked knowledge of lifestyle drugs as many of them are not familiar with the term LD even when they frequently use them without prescription. Majority of the students used one or more lifestyle drugs for aesthetic, recreational and lifestyle modification purposes. Thus, there is need for awareness programs to enlighten students on proper view and uses of lifestyle drugs. Keyword: Awareness, Lifestyle drugs, Lifestyle modification, Recreation, Prescription.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: The study was to determine the level of awareness and prevalence of the use of Lifestyle Drugs (LD) by Social Science Students (SSS) in the University of Benin, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, and Nigeria. Open and close ended questionnaires made up of 40 items on demographic, knowledge of LD, types of LD used by participants, frequency of use, quantity of LD used and reasons for the use of lifestyle drugs was administered to 400 participants. Results: Out of 400 students that filled the selfadministered questionnaire 210 (52.50%) were males and majority were single (91.25%) and between 18 - 24 years. High proportion of respondents (45.2%) was not aware of LD drugs even if they had used them before. Caffeine was the drug commonly used by respondents with 85% admitting taking it while65.3% used nutritional supplements. Other LD with high frequency of usage were topical skin lightening drugs (45%), alcohol (41.5%) and narcotics (31%). Majority of respondents habitually used caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol, Cannabis, and Codeine for recreational purpose. Only 3.7% of oral contraceptive users did so with a prescription, while 10% used them for lifestyle modification. Some males (3.2%) who used drugs for sexual enhancement were given a prescription for those drugs, while other users did not get any prescription. About 16.2% of respondents used topical creams because they received prescription for them, 29.2% used these creams for lifestyle modification. Most participants who used nutritional supplements solely did so to modify their lifestyle. Conclusion: Many Social Science Students of the University of Benin lacked knowledge of lifestyle drugs as many of them are not familiar with the term LD even when they frequently use them without prescription. Majority of the students used one or more lifestyle drugs for aesthetic, recreational and lifestyle modification purposes. Thus, there is need for awareness programs to enlighten students on proper view and uses of lifestyle drugs. Keyword: Awareness, Lifestyle drugs, Lifestyle modification, Recreation, Prescription. |
Nnamdi O. Nwaodu Stephen Adi Odey, Ngozi Stella Emma-Egbumoke The European Union and UN Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria: A Study of the Micro Projects Programmes (MPPs) in the Niger Delta Region Journal Article 4 (3), 2016. @article{Nwaodu2016b, title = {The European Union and UN Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria: A Study of the Micro Projects Programmes (MPPs) in the Niger Delta Region}, author = {Nnamdi O. Nwaodu, Stephen Adi Odey, Ngozi Stella Emma-Egbumoke}, url = {https://apsdpr.org/index.php/apsdpr/article/view/124}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-01}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, abstract = {The present Cotonou Accord was signed by the EU, 77, African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries towards halving poverty as prescribed by the UN Declaration by 2015. The EU's interventionin the rural communities of the oil producing states of Nigeria (Niger Delta) clearly shows her commitment towards the above stated global drive for the eradication of poverty especially in the Third World. Bringing about the establishment of the Micro ProjectProgrammes (MPP3, MPP6 and MPP9) for the nine states of the region between 1999 and 2012 and expended over €210 million on the programmes. Four years after theimplementation of the programmes, arising questions include: to what extent did the EU-MPPs achieve the set goals of poverty reduction in the region? And how sustainable are the achievements of the programmes? Using ex post facto research design, it was found out that amidst numerous challenges the MPPs actually reduced the level of poverty in the region through the provision of over 20,000 micro projects to more than 4000 rural communities in the nine states it covered. It therefore recommended that similar programmes be initiated by all other international development agencies as to speed up the reduction of poverty in the UN targeted areas though behind the originally target period of 2015. The study contends that an effective administrative institutional framework of the EU- MPPs should serve as model to other development agencies not only in Nigeria but across the developing economies of the world. Keywords UN Millennium Declaration; European Union; UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); Micro Project Programmes; Niger Delta region; Rural Poverty}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present Cotonou Accord was signed by the EU, 77, African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries towards halving poverty as prescribed by the UN Declaration by 2015. The EU's interventionin the rural communities of the oil producing states of Nigeria (Niger Delta) clearly shows her commitment towards the above stated global drive for the eradication of poverty especially in the Third World. Bringing about the establishment of the Micro ProjectProgrammes (MPP3, MPP6 and MPP9) for the nine states of the region between 1999 and 2012 and expended over €210 million on the programmes. Four years after theimplementation of the programmes, arising questions include: to what extent did the EU-MPPs achieve the set goals of poverty reduction in the region? And how sustainable are the achievements of the programmes? Using ex post facto research design, it was found out that amidst numerous challenges the MPPs actually reduced the level of poverty in the region through the provision of over 20,000 micro projects to more than 4000 rural communities in the nine states it covered. It therefore recommended that similar programmes be initiated by all other international development agencies as to speed up the reduction of poverty in the UN targeted areas though behind the originally target period of 2015. The study contends that an effective administrative institutional framework of the EU- MPPs should serve as model to other development agencies not only in Nigeria but across the developing economies of the world. Keywords UN Millennium Declaration; European Union; UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); Micro Project Programmes; Niger Delta region; Rural Poverty |
ONYA REASON REWO MCWILLIAMS ELEMANYA, VINCENT A ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT BUHARI’S ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY: A REALITY OR AN ILLUSION? Journal Article International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2 , 2016, ISSN: 2488-9849. @article{MCWILLIAMS2016b, title = { ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT BUHARI’S ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY: A REALITY OR AN ILLUSION?}, author = {ONYA REASON REWO MCWILLIAMS,ELEMANYA, A. VINCENT}, url = {https://www.ijaar.org/articles/Volume2-Number11/Social-Management-Sciences/ijaar-sms-v2n10-oct16-p3.pdf}, issn = { 2488-9849}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-11-11}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Academic Research}, volume = {2}, abstract = {Nigeria corruption has emanated from historical, economic, political, geographical, cultural and social factors. In all of these, corruption, and in particular official corruption remains a controversial issue in all typologies of governments since her amalgamation in 1914. Therefore, there exist unresolved approach in the policies of past governments to fight and minimize corruption both in the public and private sectors. The fact that section 15(5) of the extant constitution of 1960 mandated the Head of State to abolish all corrupt practices and abuse of powers while the 1999 constitution, in section 23, itemized “national ethics” that are antithetical to corruption and section 88 and 89, empowered the national assembly to expose corruption, inefficiency and waste in government through probe and investigations while Buhari’s partyAPC constitution in item No.4 takes clear position on strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws. It is disheartening to note that corruption hasn’t been killed or minimized. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze “Buhari’s anti-corruption policy” and his vow to combat corruption in Nigeria no matter whose ox is gored-if it’s a reality or an illusion. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is Moral development, which states that morality refers to the goodness of people as it is reflected in their behavior and beliefs. The major finding among others is that Buhari’s fight against corruption should be holistic and transparent while the recommendation including others is that the Nigerian populace and indeed the electorates that voted for change of Buhari’s government must assist the government and challenge it if need be, to fight corruption as promised during his electioneering campaign and his inaugural speech. Keywords: Buhari’s Anti-Corruption Policy; National Ethics; Reality or Illusion.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nigeria corruption has emanated from historical, economic, political, geographical, cultural and social factors. In all of these, corruption, and in particular official corruption remains a controversial issue in all typologies of governments since her amalgamation in 1914. Therefore, there exist unresolved approach in the policies of past governments to fight and minimize corruption both in the public and private sectors. The fact that section 15(5) of the extant constitution of 1960 mandated the Head of State to abolish all corrupt practices and abuse of powers while the 1999 constitution, in section 23, itemized “national ethics” that are antithetical to corruption and section 88 and 89, empowered the national assembly to expose corruption, inefficiency and waste in government through probe and investigations while Buhari’s partyAPC constitution in item No.4 takes clear position on strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws. It is disheartening to note that corruption hasn’t been killed or minimized. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze “Buhari’s anti-corruption policy” and his vow to combat corruption in Nigeria no matter whose ox is gored-if it’s a reality or an illusion. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is Moral development, which states that morality refers to the goodness of people as it is reflected in their behavior and beliefs. The major finding among others is that Buhari’s fight against corruption should be holistic and transparent while the recommendation including others is that the Nigerian populace and indeed the electorates that voted for change of Buhari’s government must assist the government and challenge it if need be, to fight corruption as promised during his electioneering campaign and his inaugural speech. Keywords: Buhari’s Anti-Corruption Policy; National Ethics; Reality or Illusion. |
Ikusemoro Augustina Isioma Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu, Awunor Nyemike Simeon Borke Moghene Emona Reasons Why Students Study Medicine: Views of Students at Delta State University Abraka, South-South Nigeria Journal Article Asian Journal of Medicine and Health , pp. 7, 2016. @article{Isioma2016, title = {Reasons Why Students Study Medicine: Views of Students at Delta State University Abraka, South-South Nigeria }, author = { Ikusemoro Augustina Isioma,Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu, Awunor Nyemike Simeon,Borke Moghene Emona}, url = {https://www.edouniversity.edu.ng/oerrepository/articles/reasons_why_students_study_medicine_views_of_students_at_delta_state_university_abraka_south-south_nigeria.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/AJMAH/2016/29847 }, year = {2016}, date = {2016-11-07}, journal = { Asian Journal of Medicine and Health }, pages = {7}, abstract = {Background: The demand to study medicine in Nigeria is very high thereby putting lots of pressure to the University authorities because of inadequate space and provision to accommodate the large number of applicants. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors motivating students and influencing their desire to study medicine and proffer solutions to reduce the population of applicants to medical schools. Methodology: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information from 311 medical students of Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria. Data collated and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22 software. Results: Three hundred and eleven students were interviewed comprising 193 males (62.1%) and 118 females (37.9%). The mean age was 23.47±3.92 years. More than 90% of the students were Christians and the same proportion were single. The Urhobos were of the majority. Reasons for studying medicine were: want to save lives (58%), doctors are respected (26%), other reasons such as passion for medical profession (12.8%) and desire to be rich (3.2%). People’s influences from friends, teachers and even family members were minimal as 51.8% of respondents took a self-decision to study medicine. Conclusion: The reasons why the students study medicine were quite good and justified and hence they should be encouraged to fulfil their dreams. Government should establish more medical schools to accommodate the increased demand to study medicine. This will promote the production of more medical doctors and reduce the current poor and embarrassing doctor-to-patient ratio in Nigeria. Keywords: Reasons; medicine; South-South Nigeria. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The demand to study medicine in Nigeria is very high thereby putting lots of pressure to the University authorities because of inadequate space and provision to accommodate the large number of applicants. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors motivating students and influencing their desire to study medicine and proffer solutions to reduce the population of applicants to medical schools. Methodology: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information from 311 medical students of Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria. Data collated and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22 software. Results: Three hundred and eleven students were interviewed comprising 193 males (62.1%) and 118 females (37.9%). The mean age was 23.47±3.92 years. More than 90% of the students were Christians and the same proportion were single. The Urhobos were of the majority. Reasons for studying medicine were: want to save lives (58%), doctors are respected (26%), other reasons such as passion for medical profession (12.8%) and desire to be rich (3.2%). People’s influences from friends, teachers and even family members were minimal as 51.8% of respondents took a self-decision to study medicine. Conclusion: The reasons why the students study medicine were quite good and justified and hence they should be encouraged to fulfil their dreams. Government should establish more medical schools to accommodate the increased demand to study medicine. This will promote the production of more medical doctors and reduce the current poor and embarrassing doctor-to-patient ratio in Nigeria. Keywords: Reasons; medicine; South-South Nigeria. |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Oghenero Wilson Orhorhoro Eruero Victor Atumah Performance Evaluation of Design AD System Biogas Purification Filter Journal Article International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences , 3 (1), pp. 27, 2016, ISBN: 2455-7749. @article{Orhorhoro2016c, title = {Performance Evaluation of Design AD System Biogas Purification Filter }, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro,, Oghenero Wilson Orhorhoro, Eruero Victor Atumah}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EJIROGHENE-KELLY-ORHORHOROOGHENERO-WILSON-ORHORHOROERUERO-VICTOR-ATUMAHPerformance-Evaluation-of-Design-AD-System-Biogas-Purification-Filter.pdf}, isbn = { 2455-7749}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-21}, journal = {International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences }, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, abstract = {Abstract Biogas purification which is the removal of impurities so as to improve the efficiency of gas produced, ensure the safety of end users and prolong the life of the equipment cannot be neglected. This paper is focused on the design and performance evaluation of AD system biogas purification filter. Three different conceptual designs were generated from possible design consideration, feasibility study and preliminary test and with the help of decision matrix; the best conceptual design was selected from which the purification filter was fabricated. The selected concept for detail design was a transparent polyethene cylindrical purification filter fitted with local iron sponge containing activated charcoal and local potash. The reagents were arranged in this order; local potash for the removal of water vapour and carbon dioxide followed by activated charcoal which serves as a purifying agent for hydrogen sulphide. The results obtained showed reduction in percentage composition of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide, and water vapour. On the other hand, there was an increase in percentage composition of methane (CH4) which is an indication of improvement in methane production after purification. The outcomes of the results obtained were satisfactory and the combination of local potash and activated charcoal was adequate for biogas purification. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Biogas purification which is the removal of impurities so as to improve the efficiency of gas produced, ensure the safety of end users and prolong the life of the equipment cannot be neglected. This paper is focused on the design and performance evaluation of AD system biogas purification filter. Three different conceptual designs were generated from possible design consideration, feasibility study and preliminary test and with the help of decision matrix; the best conceptual design was selected from which the purification filter was fabricated. The selected concept for detail design was a transparent polyethene cylindrical purification filter fitted with local iron sponge containing activated charcoal and local potash. The reagents were arranged in this order; local potash for the removal of water vapour and carbon dioxide followed by activated charcoal which serves as a purifying agent for hydrogen sulphide. The results obtained showed reduction in percentage composition of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide, and water vapour. On the other hand, there was an increase in percentage composition of methane (CH4) which is an indication of improvement in methane production after purification. The outcomes of the results obtained were satisfactory and the combination of local potash and activated charcoal was adequate for biogas purification. |
Maureen Okwu, Funmilola Ayeni A Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,, 12 (1), 2016, ISSN: 2635-3555. @article{Okwu2016, title = {Comparison of ViTEK 2, MALDI-TOF and Partial Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene in Identification of Brevibacterium Species with its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern}, author = {Maureen Okwu,Funmilola A Ayeni}, url = {http://nigjpharmres.com/ojs/index.php/NigJPharmRes/article/view/8}, issn = {2635-3555}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-10}, journal = {Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, abstract = {Background - Brevibacterium species were formerly viewed as apathogenic, however, recent reported cases of infectious states caused by Brevibacterium sp. have renewed interests in the genus as infectious agents. However, several authors have reported difficulties in identification of different species in the genus and resistance to some antibiotics. Objectives – This study is therefore designed to compare accuracies of 3 methods for identification of Brevibacterium spp. and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods – Ten Brevibacterium spp. were presumptively identified from staphylococci collections due to their characteristic cheesy smell. The selected isolates were identified by MALDI TOF, Vitek 2 identification system and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene by standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion method. Results - Vitek 2 identification system misidentified all the organisms while MALDI TOF identification system correctly identified the Brevibacterium strains to the genus level but with scores less than 1.7 for all tested strains. 16S rRNA identification identified the 10 strains as 3 species: 5 B. epidermidis, 3 B. iodinum and 2 B. oceani. All the strains were susceptible to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampicin while they were all resistant to Penicillin, Fusidic acid, and Trimethoprim. Brevibacterium epidermidis were generally resistant to Erythromycin and Clindamycin while B. iodinum and B. oceani were susceptible. Conclusion - 16S rRNA identification is the only method that could correctly identified Brevibacterium sp to the species level in this study. High susceptibility was shown by all tested strains to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampicin }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background - Brevibacterium species were formerly viewed as apathogenic, however, recent reported cases of infectious states caused by Brevibacterium sp. have renewed interests in the genus as infectious agents. However, several authors have reported difficulties in identification of different species in the genus and resistance to some antibiotics. Objectives – This study is therefore designed to compare accuracies of 3 methods for identification of Brevibacterium spp. and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods – Ten Brevibacterium spp. were presumptively identified from staphylococci collections due to their characteristic cheesy smell. The selected isolates were identified by MALDI TOF, Vitek 2 identification system and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene by standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion method. Results - Vitek 2 identification system misidentified all the organisms while MALDI TOF identification system correctly identified the Brevibacterium strains to the genus level but with scores less than 1.7 for all tested strains. 16S rRNA identification identified the 10 strains as 3 species: 5 B. epidermidis, 3 B. iodinum and 2 B. oceani. All the strains were susceptible to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampicin while they were all resistant to Penicillin, Fusidic acid, and Trimethoprim. Brevibacterium epidermidis were generally resistant to Erythromycin and Clindamycin while B. iodinum and B. oceani were susceptible. Conclusion - 16S rRNA identification is the only method that could correctly identified Brevibacterium sp to the species level in this study. High susceptibility was shown by all tested strains to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampicin |
Onya Reason Rewo McWilliams, Ogbeide Daniel Agitation for Equitable Fiscal Federalism and Political Unrest in Rivers State Journal Article Political Science and Leadership Research, 2 (3), pp. 9, 2016, ISSN: 2504-8821. @article{McWilliams2016, title = {Agitation for Equitable Fiscal Federalism and Political Unrest in Rivers State}, author = {Onya Reason Rewo McWilliams, Ogbeide Daniel}, url = {https://iiardpub.org/get/JPSLR/VOL.%202%20NO.%203%202016/AGITATION%20FOR%20EQUITABLE.pdf}, issn = {2504-8821}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-02}, journal = { Political Science and Leadership Research}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {9}, abstract = {This study examines the relationship between the call for equitable fiscal federalism in Rivers State and how the agitation has led to political unrest in the State. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is public choice, a sub of political economy theory that deals with the analysis of collective decision-making and economic models of political process The findings of the study shows that non-implementation of fiscal federalism was as a result of the self-interest of ethnic based political domination which was and still used in all typologies of government in Nigeria by the dominant groups in connivance with some Rivers States elites to expropriate the oil resources of the State for the benefit of the dominant groups, the oil multinationals and some of the elites of Rivers State. The study recommend the enactment and implementation of laws that will protect the environment of the oil producing communities of Rivers State as it is the practice in developed nations; more all so, as their environment is the traditional source of their livelihood. In addition among others, the study recommended committed policy on the part of Government to develop the oil producing communities of Rivers State as oil is a non-metallic and non-renewable mineral that can‟t sustain her economy on a long time. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study examines the relationship between the call for equitable fiscal federalism in Rivers State and how the agitation has led to political unrest in the State. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is public choice, a sub of political economy theory that deals with the analysis of collective decision-making and economic models of political process The findings of the study shows that non-implementation of fiscal federalism was as a result of the self-interest of ethnic based political domination which was and still used in all typologies of government in Nigeria by the dominant groups in connivance with some Rivers States elites to expropriate the oil resources of the State for the benefit of the dominant groups, the oil multinationals and some of the elites of Rivers State. The study recommend the enactment and implementation of laws that will protect the environment of the oil producing communities of Rivers State as it is the practice in developed nations; more all so, as their environment is the traditional source of their livelihood. In addition among others, the study recommended committed policy on the part of Government to develop the oil producing communities of Rivers State as oil is a non-metallic and non-renewable mineral that can‟t sustain her economy on a long time. |
Christian Chinedu Odoemelam Ifeyinwa Nsude, Kenneth Adibe Nwafor& Uche Victor Ebeze BREAKING THE SILENCE: A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA ON STDS KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA Journal Article Ebonyi State University Journal of Mass Communication, 3 (1), pp. 13-23, 2016, ISSN: 2449-0369. @article{Chris2016, title = { BREAKING THE SILENCE: A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA ON STDS KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA}, author = {Christian Chinedu Odoemelam, Ifeyinwa Nsude, Kenneth Adibe Nwafor& Uche Victor Ebeze}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/111594_1527711795.pdf}, issn = {2449-0369}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-01}, journal = {Ebonyi State University Journal of Mass Communication}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {13-23}, abstract = {Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been around since the dawn of civilisation and a review of relevant literatures suggest that their occurrences are most prevalent among sexually active youths. However, for fear of social rejection, most youths, rather than seek relevant information and medical assistance, keep their STDs status secret and thus, go through a great deal of anxiety and distress in silence. Corpus literatures have examined STDs in relation to various psycho-social factors; but, studies examining the influence of the ICT-driven interactive media on STDs knowledge and disclosure among youths seem not to have been explored. Previous researches have shown that interactive media usage is significantly associated with the youths. This study therefore examines the relationship among STDs knowledge among youths, disclosure, and the use of three interactive communication technologies (Mobile phone (GSM), email and facebook). A conceptual framework is presented, providing a rationale for three hypotheses predicting relationships between STDs knowledge, disclosure and interactive media use. The study employs the survey method and randomly draws participants (undergraduates) from three universities in South East Nigeria (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki and Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka). Data collection was aided by the use of a questionnaire. The focus of this research represents a very promising line of inquiry that may have the potential to produce major outcomes on STDs knowledge and disclosure among youths. Understanding the interaction between these variables may have implications for health communication.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been around since the dawn of civilisation and a review of relevant literatures suggest that their occurrences are most prevalent among sexually active youths. However, for fear of social rejection, most youths, rather than seek relevant information and medical assistance, keep their STDs status secret and thus, go through a great deal of anxiety and distress in silence. Corpus literatures have examined STDs in relation to various psycho-social factors; but, studies examining the influence of the ICT-driven interactive media on STDs knowledge and disclosure among youths seem not to have been explored. Previous researches have shown that interactive media usage is significantly associated with the youths. This study therefore examines the relationship among STDs knowledge among youths, disclosure, and the use of three interactive communication technologies (Mobile phone (GSM), email and facebook). A conceptual framework is presented, providing a rationale for three hypotheses predicting relationships between STDs knowledge, disclosure and interactive media use. The study employs the survey method and randomly draws participants (undergraduates) from three universities in South East Nigeria (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki and Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka). Data collection was aided by the use of a questionnaire. The focus of this research represents a very promising line of inquiry that may have the potential to produce major outcomes on STDs knowledge and disclosure among youths. Understanding the interaction between these variables may have implications for health communication. |
Christiana Jesumirhewe Peter Oladejo Ogunlowo, Mitsan Olley Burkhard Springer Franz Allerberger ; Ruppitsch, Werner Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals Journal Article 2016. @article{Jesumirhewe2016, title = {Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals}, author = {Christiana Jesumirhewe, Peter Oladejo Ogunlowo, Mitsan Olley, Burkhard Springer, Franz Allerberger and Werner Ruppitsch}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Christiana-Jesumirhewe-Peter-Oladejo-Ogunlowo-Mitsan-Olley-Accuracy-of-conventional-identification.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-09-28}, abstract = {Background. Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. In developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. In this study, matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS) technique was compared to conventional identification techniques. Materials and Methods. In total, 147 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from March to May 2015 from three medical microbiology laboratories of hospitals in Edo state, Nigeria, after being tested according to the individual laboratories standard operating procedures. All isolates were stored at 20 C until tested centrally by MALDI-TOF MS. Results. One hundred and forty five (98.6%) isolates had a MALDI Biotyper best score > or =2.0, indicating a secure genus and probable species identification; and 2(1.36%) isolates had a best score <2.0 indicating probable genus identification. Isolates with best scores of > or D2.0 comprised nine genera and 10 species, respectively. A total of 57.2% and 33.1% of isolates identified had agreement between MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques for identification at genus and species level, respectively, when analyzing bacteria with MALDI Biotyper best scores > or D2.0. Conclusion. The results of our study show that the applied conventional identification techniques for Enterobacteriaceae in the investigated Nigerian hospitals are not very accurate. Use of state-of-the-art identification technologies for microorganisms is necessary to guarantee comparability of bacteriological results.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background. Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. In developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. In this study, matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS) technique was compared to conventional identification techniques. Materials and Methods. In total, 147 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from March to May 2015 from three medical microbiology laboratories of hospitals in Edo state, Nigeria, after being tested according to the individual laboratories standard operating procedures. All isolates were stored at 20 C until tested centrally by MALDI-TOF MS. Results. One hundred and forty five (98.6%) isolates had a MALDI Biotyper best score > or =2.0, indicating a secure genus and probable species identification; and 2(1.36%) isolates had a best score <2.0 indicating probable genus identification. Isolates with best scores of > or D2.0 comprised nine genera and 10 species, respectively. A total of 57.2% and 33.1% of isolates identified had agreement between MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques for identification at genus and species level, respectively, when analyzing bacteria with MALDI Biotyper best scores > or D2.0. Conclusion. The results of our study show that the applied conventional identification techniques for Enterobacteriaceae in the investigated Nigerian hospitals are not very accurate. Use of state-of-the-art identification technologies for microorganisms is necessary to guarantee comparability of bacteriological results. |
Ikusemoro Augustina Isioma Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu, Borke Moghene Emona Determinants of Adverse Transfusion Reactions at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria Journal Article Asian Journal of Medicine and Health , pp. 7, 2016. @article{Isioma2016b, title = {Determinants of Adverse Transfusion Reactions at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria }, author = {Ikusemoro Augustina Isioma,Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu, Borke Moghene Emona}, url = {https://www.edouniversity.edu.ng/oerrepository/articles/determinants_of_adverse_transfusion_reactions_at_delta_state_university_teaching_hospital_oghara_delta_state_nigeria.pdf}, doi = { 10.9734/AJMAH/2016/28816 }, year = {2016}, date = {2016-09-15}, journal = { Asian Journal of Medicine and Health }, pages = {7}, abstract = {Background: Blood transfusion is a very essential part of medical practice. However, blood and blood component transfusions are associated with some adverse transfusion reactions. Some of these reactions can lead to loss of patients’ lives and hence defeating the essence of blood usage in saving lives. Objectives: This study aims to establish those factors promoting and increasing the susceptibility of patients for adverse transfusion reactions. Methodology: Two-year records (July 2014-June 2016) of our patients reported to have blood transfusion reactions were retrieved, data collated and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22 software. Results: Forty-six cases out of 5,342 transfusions were reported giving a prevalence of 0.86%. The youngest case was two years while the oldest was 70 years. The mean age was 38.69±14.95 years. Thirty five (76.1%) of the cases were females while 11(23.9%) were males. Chills/rigors (63%) and fever/pyrexia (58.7%) were the major presenting symptoms. Fourteen of the cases (30.4%) complained of itching/urticaria while 19.6% presented with nausea/vomiting. The clinical signs were hypotension (6.5%), tachypnea (4.3%) and tachycardia (2.2%). The adverse transfusion reactions were mainly associated with whole blood (93.5%) and 58.7% of the reactions occurred at night. Anaemia was the major indication for the transfusions (80.4%). Twenty-seven of the subjects (58.7%) had above the normal body temperature. Thirty four of the cases (73.9%) had earlier been transfused in the past while (26.1%) were being transfused the first time. On the other hand 93.5% of the cases have never experienced any form of adverse transfusion reactions while only 6.5% have had transfusion reactions previously. Conclusion: We conclude that gender of the patient, age, component of blood being transfused and history of previous blood transfusions play determining factors on adverse transfusion reactions. Detailed transfusion history will go a long way in preventing adverse transfusion reactions. Keywords: Determinants; transfusion; reactions; Delta State Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Blood transfusion is a very essential part of medical practice. However, blood and blood component transfusions are associated with some adverse transfusion reactions. Some of these reactions can lead to loss of patients’ lives and hence defeating the essence of blood usage in saving lives. Objectives: This study aims to establish those factors promoting and increasing the susceptibility of patients for adverse transfusion reactions. Methodology: Two-year records (July 2014-June 2016) of our patients reported to have blood transfusion reactions were retrieved, data collated and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22 software. Results: Forty-six cases out of 5,342 transfusions were reported giving a prevalence of 0.86%. The youngest case was two years while the oldest was 70 years. The mean age was 38.69±14.95 years. Thirty five (76.1%) of the cases were females while 11(23.9%) were males. Chills/rigors (63%) and fever/pyrexia (58.7%) were the major presenting symptoms. Fourteen of the cases (30.4%) complained of itching/urticaria while 19.6% presented with nausea/vomiting. The clinical signs were hypotension (6.5%), tachypnea (4.3%) and tachycardia (2.2%). The adverse transfusion reactions were mainly associated with whole blood (93.5%) and 58.7% of the reactions occurred at night. Anaemia was the major indication for the transfusions (80.4%). Twenty-seven of the subjects (58.7%) had above the normal body temperature. Thirty four of the cases (73.9%) had earlier been transfused in the past while (26.1%) were being transfused the first time. On the other hand 93.5% of the cases have never experienced any form of adverse transfusion reactions while only 6.5% have had transfusion reactions previously. Conclusion: We conclude that gender of the patient, age, component of blood being transfused and history of previous blood transfusions play determining factors on adverse transfusion reactions. Detailed transfusion history will go a long way in preventing adverse transfusion reactions. Keywords: Determinants; transfusion; reactions; Delta State Nigeria. |
NNAMDI NWAODU SAM B. KALAGBOR, JASON OSAI O A Pacifist Philosophy of Protest Journal Article 3 (2), 2016. @article{NWAODU2016, title = { A Pacifist Philosophy of Protest }, author = {NNAMDI NWAODU,SAM B. KALAGBOR,O. JASON OSAI }, url = {http://www.journal.iscest.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ISCEST-Book-Vol-3-No-2-2016_O.-JASON-OSAI_Dance.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-09-04}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, abstract = {The quest for improved standard of living is universal and will continue as long as humans inhabit the earth. In most societies, the system provides institutional mechanisms for demands especially in democratic dispensations. However, given the perennial inequities in humanity and the insatiability of the human mind, protest has become part of human experience and it is considered a legitimate means of expression. Protest ranges from the localized to the globalized such as Arab Spring, which commenced with the self-emollition by a graduate vegetable vendor in Tunisia and snowballed across most of the Arab world bequeathing to humanity a consciousness of the capacity of citizens to transcend a multiplicity of differences, organize themselves against authoritarian and corrupt regimes and achieve a desired objective through protest. Given the high propensity of protests to turn violent, the paper studied the strategy adopted by Egbema (Rivers State, Nigeria) youths during the demonstrations of the early 1980s, which culminated in impressive developmental outcomes; it concluded by offering DANCE—a philosophy that, if imbibed and rigorously embedded in the process of protests, holds the promise of ensuring nonviolence in that legitimate means of input into the political system without compromising the realization of the objectives. Keywords: Protest, demonstration, deindividuation, hivemind, ahimsa, nonviolence, die-in }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The quest for improved standard of living is universal and will continue as long as humans inhabit the earth. In most societies, the system provides institutional mechanisms for demands especially in democratic dispensations. However, given the perennial inequities in humanity and the insatiability of the human mind, protest has become part of human experience and it is considered a legitimate means of expression. Protest ranges from the localized to the globalized such as Arab Spring, which commenced with the self-emollition by a graduate vegetable vendor in Tunisia and snowballed across most of the Arab world bequeathing to humanity a consciousness of the capacity of citizens to transcend a multiplicity of differences, organize themselves against authoritarian and corrupt regimes and achieve a desired objective through protest. Given the high propensity of protests to turn violent, the paper studied the strategy adopted by Egbema (Rivers State, Nigeria) youths during the demonstrations of the early 1980s, which culminated in impressive developmental outcomes; it concluded by offering DANCE—a philosophy that, if imbibed and rigorously embedded in the process of protests, holds the promise of ensuring nonviolence in that legitimate means of input into the political system without compromising the realization of the objectives. Keywords: Protest, demonstration, deindividuation, hivemind, ahimsa, nonviolence, die-in |
Kelvin Izevbekhai Łukasz J. Binkowskia Włodzimierz Meissner, Marta Trzeciak JamesBarker 164 , pp. 436-442, 2016. @article{Izevbekhai2016b, title = {Lead isotope ratio measurements as indicators for the source of lead poisoning in Mute swans (Cygnus olor) wintering in Puck Bay (northern Poland)}, author = {Kelvin Izevbekhai, Łukasz J. Binkowskia Włodzimierz Meissner, Marta Trzeciak, JamesBarker}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653516311559}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-09-03}, volume = {164}, pages = {436-442}, abstract = {Abstract Lead (Pb) poisoning is most commonly linked amongst anthropogenically-caused deaths in waterfowl and this is often associated with hunting and fishing activities. However, the exact identification of the source may be difficult with commonly-used techniques. We have studied isotope ratios using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans (n = 49) wintering in northern Poland. We compared the values of isotopic ratios from blood and ammunition pellets available on the Polish market. The mean Pb concentrations found was 0.241 μg/g (w/w) and nearly half of the blood specimens had elevated Pb levels (higher than the cited 0.23 μg/g w/w threshold of poisoning). Only the mean 208/206 Pb isotope ratio was similar in blood and pellet samples. Mean ratios of isotopes 206/204, 206/207 and 208/207 in swans' blood and in pellets differed significantly. Moreover, coefficients of variation were higher in blood samples than in pellets. These discrepancies and significant differences in abundance of 204Pb and 207Pb isotopes in both materials indicated that pellets available today on the Polish market were not the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans wintering in northern Poland. Keywords PbIsotopeAmmunitionPoisoningPelletMute swan}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Lead (Pb) poisoning is most commonly linked amongst anthropogenically-caused deaths in waterfowl and this is often associated with hunting and fishing activities. However, the exact identification of the source may be difficult with commonly-used techniques. We have studied isotope ratios using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans (n = 49) wintering in northern Poland. We compared the values of isotopic ratios from blood and ammunition pellets available on the Polish market. The mean Pb concentrations found was 0.241 μg/g (w/w) and nearly half of the blood specimens had elevated Pb levels (higher than the cited 0.23 μg/g w/w threshold of poisoning). Only the mean 208/206 Pb isotope ratio was similar in blood and pellet samples. Mean ratios of isotopes 206/204, 206/207 and 208/207 in swans' blood and in pellets differed significantly. Moreover, coefficients of variation were higher in blood samples than in pellets. These discrepancies and significant differences in abundance of 204Pb and 207Pb isotopes in both materials indicated that pellets available today on the Polish market were not the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans wintering in northern Poland. Keywords PbIsotopeAmmunitionPoisoningPelletMute swan |
Doris F. Ogeleka Emmanuel T. Ogbomida, Isioma Tongo Alex Enuneku Thomas Ikpesu Lawrence Ezemonye A O I N 06 , 2016. @article{Ogeleka2016, title = {Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)}, author = {Doris F. Ogeleka, Emmanuel T. Ogbomida, Isioma Tongo, Alex A. Enuneku, Thomas O. Ikpesu, Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Doris-F.-Ogeleka-Emmanuel-T.-Ogbomida-Isioma-Tongo-Alex-A.-Enuneku-Thomas-O.-Ikpesu-Lawrence-I.N.-Ezemonye-Impacts-of-acute-exposure-of-industrial-chemicals-and-pesticides-on-the.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-26}, volume = {06}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kelvin Izevbekhai Łukasz J. Binkowskia Włodzimierz Meissner, Marta Trzeciak JamesBarker 164 , pp. 436-442, 2016. @article{Izevbekhai2016, title = {Lead isotope ratio measurements as indicators for the source of lead poisoning in Mute swans (Cygnus olor) wintering in Puck Bay (northern Poland)}, author = {Kelvin Izevbekhai, Łukasz J. Binkowskia Włodzimierz Meissner, Marta Trzeciak, JamesBarker}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653516311559}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-12}, volume = {164}, pages = {436-442}, abstract = {Abstract Lead (Pb) poisoning is most commonly linked amongst anthropogenically-caused deaths in waterfowl and this is often associated with hunting and fishing activities. However, the exact identification of the source may be difficult with commonly-used techniques. We have studied isotope ratios using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans (n = 49) wintering in northern Poland. We compared the values of isotopic ratios from blood and ammunition pellets available on the Polish market. The mean Pb concentrations found was 0.241 μg/g (w/w) and nearly half of the blood specimens had elevated Pb levels (higher than the cited 0.23 μg/g w/w threshold of poisoning). Only the mean 208/206 Pb isotope ratio was similar in blood and pellet samples. Mean ratios of isotopes 206/204, 206/207 and 208/207 in swans' blood and in pellets differed significantly. Moreover, coefficients of variation were higher in blood samples than in pellets. These discrepancies and significant differences in abundance of 204Pb and 207Pb isotopes in both materials indicated that pellets available today on the Polish market were not the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans wintering in northern Poland. Keywords PbIsotopeAmmunitionPoisoningPelletMute swan}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Lead (Pb) poisoning is most commonly linked amongst anthropogenically-caused deaths in waterfowl and this is often associated with hunting and fishing activities. However, the exact identification of the source may be difficult with commonly-used techniques. We have studied isotope ratios using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans (n = 49) wintering in northern Poland. We compared the values of isotopic ratios from blood and ammunition pellets available on the Polish market. The mean Pb concentrations found was 0.241 μg/g (w/w) and nearly half of the blood specimens had elevated Pb levels (higher than the cited 0.23 μg/g w/w threshold of poisoning). Only the mean 208/206 Pb isotope ratio was similar in blood and pellet samples. Mean ratios of isotopes 206/204, 206/207 and 208/207 in swans' blood and in pellets differed significantly. Moreover, coefficients of variation were higher in blood samples than in pellets. These discrepancies and significant differences in abundance of 204Pb and 207Pb isotopes in both materials indicated that pellets available today on the Polish market were not the source of Pb in the blood of Mute swans wintering in northern Poland. Keywords PbIsotopeAmmunitionPoisoningPelletMute swan |
ABUSOMWAN Rachael Eloh ATU Oghogho Gina, ATU Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 39, 2016. @article{Eloh2016, title = { FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES}, author = {ABUSOMWAN Rachael Eloh, ATU Oghogho Gina, ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ABUSOMWAN-Rachael-Eloh-ATU-Oghogho-Gina-ATU-Omimi-Ejoor-Osaretin-Kingsley-FINANCIAL-REPORTING-FOR-SMALL-AND-MEDIUM-SCALE-ENTERPRISES-1.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {39}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The objective of this conceptual paper is to review extant literature on SME’s in relation to financial reporting, identify basic financial reports needed by SME’s and identify the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in relation to financial reporting by SME’s. The methodology adopted for this study is library approach which focuses on content review of extant literature. Basically, the primary concern in SME financial reporting generally relates to preparation and use of general purpose financial reports such as the statement of financial position, income statement, and the cash-flow statement. The Poor record keeping, inefficient use of accounting information to support their financial decision-making and the low quality and reliability of financial data are part of the main problems in financial management concerns of SMEs. The study concludes that with the introduction of IFRS for SME’s, the bar has been raised for SME’s financial reporting. Hence there is an urgent need for capacity building especially for SME’s to equip them with current expectations and the skills needed for effective reporting. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The objective of this conceptual paper is to review extant literature on SME’s in relation to financial reporting, identify basic financial reports needed by SME’s and identify the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in relation to financial reporting by SME’s. The methodology adopted for this study is library approach which focuses on content review of extant literature. Basically, the primary concern in SME financial reporting generally relates to preparation and use of general purpose financial reports such as the statement of financial position, income statement, and the cash-flow statement. The Poor record keeping, inefficient use of accounting information to support their financial decision-making and the low quality and reliability of financial data are part of the main problems in financial management concerns of SMEs. The study concludes that with the introduction of IFRS for SME’s, the bar has been raised for SME’s financial reporting. Hence there is an urgent need for capacity building especially for SME’s to equip them with current expectations and the skills needed for effective reporting. |
AL-MUSTAPHA A. Aliyu, HAMZA Muhammad Sambo DETERMINANTS OF INFORMAL SECTOR TAX EVASION IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting, pp. 147, 2016. @article{Aliyu2016, title = {DETERMINANTS OF INFORMAL SECTOR TAX EVASION IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS}, author = {AL-MUSTAPHA A. Aliyu, HAMZA Muhammad Sambo }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/AL-MUSTAPHA-A.-Aliyu-HAMZA-Muhammad-Sambo-DETERMINANTS-OF-INFORMAL-SECTOR-TAX-EVASION-IN-SOKOTO-METROPOLIS.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting}, pages = {147}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants of informal sector tax evasion in Sokoto Metropolis. A survey was conducted using a seven-point Likert scale that included 13 arguments and distributed 317 questionnaires to potential tax payers within Sokoto Metropolis, 300 questionnaires were returned and analyzed using regression analysis. The 13 arguments were ranked in terms of strength, from strongest to weakest. The results of the study show that taxational and fiscal factors, economic factors and administrative factors, among other factors are statistically significant for individuals’ tax-evasion behavior. These findings may be useful to policy makers and researchers. Specifically, tax authorities should design policies to help increase the income level of taxpayers rather than increasing administrative measures toward taxpayers. This may lead to higher tax compliance in the long run. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants of informal sector tax evasion in Sokoto Metropolis. A survey was conducted using a seven-point Likert scale that included 13 arguments and distributed 317 questionnaires to potential tax payers within Sokoto Metropolis, 300 questionnaires were returned and analyzed using regression analysis. The 13 arguments were ranked in terms of strength, from strongest to weakest. The results of the study show that taxational and fiscal factors, economic factors and administrative factors, among other factors are statistically significant for individuals’ tax-evasion behavior. These findings may be useful to policy makers and researchers. Specifically, tax authorities should design policies to help increase the income level of taxpayers rather than increasing administrative measures toward taxpayers. This may lead to higher tax compliance in the long run. |
ARUOMOAGH Jude A. Ikhu-OMOREGBE, Godstime APPLICATION OF THE BALANCED SCORE CARD IN PUBLIC SECTOR IS IT POSSIBLE Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 330, 2016. @article{ARUOMOAGH2016, title = {APPLICATION OF THE BALANCED SCORE CARD IN PUBLIC SECTOR IS IT POSSIBLE}, author = {ARUOMOAGH, Jude A. Ikhu-OMOREGBE, Godstime }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ARUOMOAGH-Jude-A.-Ikhu-OMOREGBE-Godstime-APPLICATION-OF-THE-BALANCED-SCORE-CARD-IN-PUBLIC-SECTOR-IS-IT-POSSIBLE.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {330}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The Balanced scorecard is a recent contribution to strategic management accounting that emphasizes the role of management accounting in formulating and supporting the overall competitive strategy of an organization. The balanced score card is mainly applied in the private sectors with little evidences of its applicability of the public sector. This study looks at the application of the balanced scorecard in public sector administration. Data were collected through questionnaires from two public sector agencies in Edo state. This data was analysed and hypotheses tested using the t-test with SPSS. The result shows that the balanced scorecard can be applied in public sector administration and this will enhance public sector service delivery. The paper concludes by advocating for the application of the Balanced scorecard in public sector administration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The Balanced scorecard is a recent contribution to strategic management accounting that emphasizes the role of management accounting in formulating and supporting the overall competitive strategy of an organization. The balanced score card is mainly applied in the private sectors with little evidences of its applicability of the public sector. This study looks at the application of the balanced scorecard in public sector administration. Data were collected through questionnaires from two public sector agencies in Edo state. This data was analysed and hypotheses tested using the t-test with SPSS. The result shows that the balanced scorecard can be applied in public sector administration and this will enhance public sector service delivery. The paper concludes by advocating for the application of the Balanced scorecard in public sector administration. |
EHIOGHIREN Efe Efosa ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD MANAGEMENT EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 308, 2016. @article{EHIOGHIREN2016, title = { FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND FRAUD MANAGEMENT EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA}, author = {EHIOGHIREN, Efe Efosa ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EHIOGHIREN-Efe-Efosa-ATU-Omimi-Ejoor-Osaretin-Kingsley-FORENSIC-ACCOUNTING-AND-FRAUD-MANAGEMENT-EVIDENCE-FROM-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {308}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Fraudulent practices among Nigerians are major challenges facing the development of the country. The federal government has been making several efforts in tackling these dreadful menaces by setting up many anti corruption institutions to reduce cases of fraud and other activity of financial and economic crimes but the efforts seemed not to have yielded the desire results or have not been effective. No doubt, financial crimes have affected individuals and corporate organizations negatively. This has put accounting professional bodies into a new perception and paradigm that go beyond statutory audit. The objective of this study focus on forensic accounting and fraud management, evidence from Nigeria, primary sources of data were appropriately used. 572 questionnaires were administered. The Researchers Use SPS Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 246 hypothesis to determine the F-value. The findings are that Forensic accounting significantly influences fraud detection and control, also, that there is significant difference between the duties of professional Forensic Accountants and that of traditional External Auditors. The researchers recommended that trained experts like the Professional Forensic Accountants should conduct the investigation, where there is evidence of fraud, appropriate disciplinary action in accordance with the Provision of rules should be implemented, and the restructuring of corruption agencies by the government for better performance. These agencies should have the will power and courage to perform optimally. The professional accountancy bodies in Nigeria should ensure that forensic accountants are trained with modern skills of forensic accounting procedures, the financial reporting council should ensure harmonization and unification of the conflicting regulatory codes that will guarantee best standards and regulations are established for best practice and service delivery. Keywords; forensic accounting, Financial/ Economic crimes, Fraud management, External Auditor 1.0. Background to the Study The widespread frauds in modern organizations have made traditional auditing and investigation inefficient and ineffective in the detection and prevention of the various types of frauds Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 247 confronting businesses world-wide. (Onuorah and Appah, 2012) The incidence of fraud continues to increase across private and public sector organizations and across nations. Fraud is a universal problem as no nations is resistant, although developing countries and their various states suffer the most pain. Today; modern organized financial crimes have appeared. Financial crimes such as employee theft, payroll frauds, fraudulent billing systems, management theft, corporate frauds, insurance fraud, embezzlement, bribery, bankruptcy, security fraud (EFCC, 2004), among others, have taken the centre stage in the scheme of things; and on the scale of private, public and governmental preference. Financial crimes today have grown wild, and the emergence of computer software coupled with the advent of internet facilities has compounded the problem of financial crimes. Besides, the detection or minimization of these crimes are made more difficult and committing these crimes much easier. (Izedonmi, and Ibadin, 2012). All these, no doubt, remain outside the ambit of the statutory auditor to report on except he is placed on inquiry. The statutory auditor is not primarily bound to detect fraud and errors. His responsibility is defined by Sec. 359 (CAMA, 2004) and the relevant auditing standards. (Uwojori and Asaolu, 2009) added that quite unfortunately, is the inability of the statutory auditor constrained by the relevant statutes and standards, to deal with financial crimes. Okunbor and Obaretin (2010) reported that the spates of corporate failures have placed greater Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 248 responsibility and function on accountants to equip themselves with the skills to identify and act upon indicators of poor corporate governance, mismanagement, frauds and other wrong doings. It has become imperative for accountants at all levels to have the requisite skills and knowledge for identifying, discovering as well as preserving the evidence of all forms of irregularities and fraud. Therefore, fraud requires more sophisticated approach from preventative to detection. One of the modern approaches that can be used from the prevention to detection is called forensic accounting. Forensic accounting is a rapidly growing field of accounting that describes the engagement that results from actual or anticipated dispute or litigations. (Okoye and Gbegi, 2013) concur that “Forensic” means “suitable for use in a court of law”, and it is to that standard that Forensic Accountants generally work. Forensic Accounting is an investigative style of accounting used to determine whether an individual or an organization has engaged in any illegal financial activities. Professional Forensic Accountant may work for government or public accounting firm. Although, forensic accounting has been in existence for several decades, it has evolved over time to include several types of financial information scrutiny. Forensic accounting can, therefore, be seen as an aspect of accounting that is suitable for legal review and offering the highest level of assurance (Apostolou, Hassell & Webber, 2000). Also, forensic accounting encompasses three major areas, investigation, Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 249 dispute resolution and litigation support. Manning (2002) defines it as the combination of accounting, auditing and investigative skills to standard by the courts to address issues in dispute in the context of civil and criminal litigation. Ojaide (2000) noted that there is an alarming increase in the number of fraud and fraudulent activities in Nigeria, requiring the visibility of forensic accounting services. Also the recent happening in the forensic audit of the oil sector where the present government is demanding for another forensic audit exercises to be carried out after a Nigerian audit firm has presented a report to the authority. In the light of the above this study therefore looks into the relevance of forensic accounting and fraud management in the effective reduction of fraudulent practices in Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Fraudulent practices among Nigerians are major challenges facing the development of the country. The federal government has been making several efforts in tackling these dreadful menaces by setting up many anti corruption institutions to reduce cases of fraud and other activity of financial and economic crimes but the efforts seemed not to have yielded the desire results or have not been effective. No doubt, financial crimes have affected individuals and corporate organizations negatively. This has put accounting professional bodies into a new perception and paradigm that go beyond statutory audit. The objective of this study focus on forensic accounting and fraud management, evidence from Nigeria, primary sources of data were appropriately used. 572 questionnaires were administered. The Researchers Use SPS Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 246 hypothesis to determine the F-value. The findings are that Forensic accounting significantly influences fraud detection and control, also, that there is significant difference between the duties of professional Forensic Accountants and that of traditional External Auditors. The researchers recommended that trained experts like the Professional Forensic Accountants should conduct the investigation, where there is evidence of fraud, appropriate disciplinary action in accordance with the Provision of rules should be implemented, and the restructuring of corruption agencies by the government for better performance. These agencies should have the will power and courage to perform optimally. The professional accountancy bodies in Nigeria should ensure that forensic accountants are trained with modern skills of forensic accounting procedures, the financial reporting council should ensure harmonization and unification of the conflicting regulatory codes that will guarantee best standards and regulations are established for best practice and service delivery. Keywords; forensic accounting, Financial/ Economic crimes, Fraud management, External Auditor 1.0. Background to the Study The widespread frauds in modern organizations have made traditional auditing and investigation inefficient and ineffective in the detection and prevention of the various types of frauds Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 247 confronting businesses world-wide. (Onuorah and Appah, 2012) The incidence of fraud continues to increase across private and public sector organizations and across nations. Fraud is a universal problem as no nations is resistant, although developing countries and their various states suffer the most pain. Today; modern organized financial crimes have appeared. Financial crimes such as employee theft, payroll frauds, fraudulent billing systems, management theft, corporate frauds, insurance fraud, embezzlement, bribery, bankruptcy, security fraud (EFCC, 2004), among others, have taken the centre stage in the scheme of things; and on the scale of private, public and governmental preference. Financial crimes today have grown wild, and the emergence of computer software coupled with the advent of internet facilities has compounded the problem of financial crimes. Besides, the detection or minimization of these crimes are made more difficult and committing these crimes much easier. (Izedonmi, and Ibadin, 2012). All these, no doubt, remain outside the ambit of the statutory auditor to report on except he is placed on inquiry. The statutory auditor is not primarily bound to detect fraud and errors. His responsibility is defined by Sec. 359 (CAMA, 2004) and the relevant auditing standards. (Uwojori and Asaolu, 2009) added that quite unfortunately, is the inability of the statutory auditor constrained by the relevant statutes and standards, to deal with financial crimes. Okunbor and Obaretin (2010) reported that the spates of corporate failures have placed greater Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 248 responsibility and function on accountants to equip themselves with the skills to identify and act upon indicators of poor corporate governance, mismanagement, frauds and other wrong doings. It has become imperative for accountants at all levels to have the requisite skills and knowledge for identifying, discovering as well as preserving the evidence of all forms of irregularities and fraud. Therefore, fraud requires more sophisticated approach from preventative to detection. One of the modern approaches that can be used from the prevention to detection is called forensic accounting. Forensic accounting is a rapidly growing field of accounting that describes the engagement that results from actual or anticipated dispute or litigations. (Okoye and Gbegi, 2013) concur that “Forensic” means “suitable for use in a court of law”, and it is to that standard that Forensic Accountants generally work. Forensic Accounting is an investigative style of accounting used to determine whether an individual or an organization has engaged in any illegal financial activities. Professional Forensic Accountant may work for government or public accounting firm. Although, forensic accounting has been in existence for several decades, it has evolved over time to include several types of financial information scrutiny. Forensic accounting can, therefore, be seen as an aspect of accounting that is suitable for legal review and offering the highest level of assurance (Apostolou, Hassell & Webber, 2000). Also, forensic accounting encompasses three major areas, investigation, Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting | Vol. 2 August, 2016 | 249 dispute resolution and litigation support. Manning (2002) defines it as the combination of accounting, auditing and investigative skills to standard by the courts to address issues in dispute in the context of civil and criminal litigation. Ojaide (2000) noted that there is an alarming increase in the number of fraud and fraudulent activities in Nigeria, requiring the visibility of forensic accounting services. Also the recent happening in the forensic audit of the oil sector where the present government is demanding for another forensic audit exercises to be carried out after a Nigerian audit firm has presented a report to the authority. In the light of the above this study therefore looks into the relevance of forensic accounting and fraud management in the effective reduction of fraudulent practices in Nigeria. |
JIMOH Jafaru OKOYE, Francis A VOLUNTARY INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 61, 2016. @article{JIMOH2016, title = {VOLUNTARY INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR}, author = {JIMOH, Jafaru OKOYE, A. Francis}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/JIMOH-Jafaru-OKOYE-A.-Francis-VOLUNTARY-INTERNET-FINANCIAL-REPORTING-IN-THE-NIGERIAN-PUBLIC-SECTOR.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {61}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The broad objective of the study was to empirically examine voluntary internet financial reporting in the Nigerian public sector. The data was obtained from the websites of the thirty six state governments in Nigeria and central bank statistical bulletin(2015). The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis with the aid of a computer software E-Views 9. The study revealed that only Lagos state voluntarily reports its financial information on its website which shows the level of internet financial reporting in Nigeria in very low. The study also revealed that there exist positive significant relationship between the population of the state and wealth/GDP of the state with voluntary internet financial reporting. The study recommends that the government should improve on the accessibility of the public to their websites. This will make the government more assessable, transparent and accountable to their stakeholders especially their citizenry. The study also recommends that the state government should develop better knowledge management systems, increase the interactivity of their website and enrich the accounting information that they present in the websites in order to support the accountability of the government. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The broad objective of the study was to empirically examine voluntary internet financial reporting in the Nigerian public sector. The data was obtained from the websites of the thirty six state governments in Nigeria and central bank statistical bulletin(2015). The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis with the aid of a computer software E-Views 9. The study revealed that only Lagos state voluntarily reports its financial information on its website which shows the level of internet financial reporting in Nigeria in very low. The study also revealed that there exist positive significant relationship between the population of the state and wealth/GDP of the state with voluntary internet financial reporting. The study recommends that the government should improve on the accessibility of the public to their websites. This will make the government more assessable, transparent and accountable to their stakeholders especially their citizenry. The study also recommends that the state government should develop better knowledge management systems, increase the interactivity of their website and enrich the accounting information that they present in the websites in order to support the accountability of the government. |
OGUNGBENLE, Simeon Kayode ; EDOGIAWERIE, Monday Nosa BUDGETARY ALLOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS. Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 407, 2016. @article{OGUNGBENLE2016, title = {BUDGETARY ALLOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS.}, author = {OGUNGBENLE, Simeon Kayode and EDOGIAWERIE, Monday Nosa }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/OGUNGBENLE-Simeon-Kayode-and-EDOGIAWERIE-Monday-Nosa-BUDGETARY-ALLOCATION-AND-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA-TERTIARY-INSTITUTIONS..pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {407}, abstract = {ABSTRACT A budget is plan quantified in monetary terms, prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time usually showing planned income to be generated and or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain a given objectives and this budget is indispensible to any tertiary institution in achieving their goals. This paper empirically examined the effect of Federal government budgetary allocation on the development of tertiary institutions in Nigeria spanning from 2000 to 2014. To achieve the objective of this paper, secondary data are made use. The data are on Federal Government Recurrent Expenditure from 2000 2014. Budget figures were not used because in most cases the actual releases were below amount budgeted and Descriptive statistics is used to analyse data sourced. However, this paper ascertained that inadequate funding deters growth in the tertiary institutions. The study recommends that In the face of the declining financial resource allocation to the education sector, there is the need for alternative channels of funding which will ensure qualitative education and standard growth in Nigerian tertiary institutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT A budget is plan quantified in monetary terms, prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time usually showing planned income to be generated and or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain a given objectives and this budget is indispensible to any tertiary institution in achieving their goals. This paper empirically examined the effect of Federal government budgetary allocation on the development of tertiary institutions in Nigeria spanning from 2000 to 2014. To achieve the objective of this paper, secondary data are made use. The data are on Federal Government Recurrent Expenditure from 2000 2014. Budget figures were not used because in most cases the actual releases were below amount budgeted and Descriptive statistics is used to analyse data sourced. However, this paper ascertained that inadequate funding deters growth in the tertiary institutions. The study recommends that In the face of the declining financial resource allocation to the education sector, there is the need for alternative channels of funding which will ensure qualitative education and standard growth in Nigerian tertiary institutions. |
UGBOGBO.S.N, ATU Michael. O ETHICAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY- A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 243, 2016. @article{UGBOGBO.S.N2016, title = {ETHICAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY- A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH}, author = {UGBOGBO.S.N,ATU O. Michael.}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {243}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The new world of information society with global networks and cyberspace will inevitably generate a wide variety of social, political, and ethical problems. Many problems related to human relationships and the communities become apparent, when most human activities are carried on in cyberspace. Using the library-based methodology, the study focuses on the ethical issues in information technology. Based on extant literature, several ethical issues such as plagiarism, hacking, viruses, data access rights, piracy, ergonomy and health issues amongst others were identified as possible ethical issues related to IT. These basic issues have been solved partially using technological approaches, such as encryption technique, SSL, digital IDs and computer firewalls. Besides these protection technologies, legal laws are also needed in cyberspace to address hundreds of countries, which are incorporated into one global network. Guidelines and strategies should be implemented so that global information can be exploited in a socially and ethically sensitive way for our future benefit and applications. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The new world of information society with global networks and cyberspace will inevitably generate a wide variety of social, political, and ethical problems. Many problems related to human relationships and the communities become apparent, when most human activities are carried on in cyberspace. Using the library-based methodology, the study focuses on the ethical issues in information technology. Based on extant literature, several ethical issues such as plagiarism, hacking, viruses, data access rights, piracy, ergonomy and health issues amongst others were identified as possible ethical issues related to IT. These basic issues have been solved partially using technological approaches, such as encryption technique, SSL, digital IDs and computer firewalls. Besides these protection technologies, legal laws are also needed in cyberspace to address hundreds of countries, which are incorporated into one global network. Guidelines and strategies should be implemented so that global information can be exploited in a socially and ethically sensitive way for our future benefit and applications. |
E.K. Orhorhoro P.O. Ebunilo, Tamuno R I; Essienubong, I A The Study of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Non-Uniform Multiple Feed Stock Availability and Composition in Nigeria Journal Article European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS, 1 , pp. 42, 2016. @article{Orhorhoro2016, title = {The Study of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Non-Uniform Multiple Feed Stock Availability and Composition in Nigeria}, author = {E.K. Orhorhoro, P.O. Ebunilo, R.I. Tamuno and I.A Essienubong}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/E.K.-Orhorhoro-P.O.-Ebunilo-R.I.-Tamuno-and-I.A-Essienubong-The-Study-of-Anaerobic-Co-Digestion-of-Non-Uniform-Multiple-Feed-Stock-Availability-and-Composition-in-1.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-07-01}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, EJERS}, volume = {1}, pages = {42}, abstract = {Abstract—This paper reports the research work carried out on the study of anaerobic co-digestion of non-uniform multiple feed stock availability and composition in Nigeria. Organic municipal solid wastes comprises of the composition of corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice waste, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, garri leftover and banana peels, was digested separately and the same time co-digested with wastewater collected from septic tanks, abattoir, and cold room in Benin City, Nigeria. The results obtained shows that the codigestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater had better average biogas yields (0.625), shorter retention period of 29 days, frequent number of evacuation and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0217 when compared to anaerobic digestion of organic municipal solid wastes only with an average biogas yield of 0.4025, longer retention period of 38 days and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0106. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater enhances better biogas yields. Index Terms— Organic municipal solid wastes, wastewater, biogas yields, Benin City, Nigeria}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract—This paper reports the research work carried out on the study of anaerobic co-digestion of non-uniform multiple feed stock availability and composition in Nigeria. Organic municipal solid wastes comprises of the composition of corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice waste, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, garri leftover and banana peels, was digested separately and the same time co-digested with wastewater collected from septic tanks, abattoir, and cold room in Benin City, Nigeria. The results obtained shows that the codigestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater had better average biogas yields (0.625), shorter retention period of 29 days, frequent number of evacuation and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0217 when compared to anaerobic digestion of organic municipal solid wastes only with an average biogas yield of 0.4025, longer retention period of 38 days and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0106. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater enhances better biogas yields. Index Terms— Organic municipal solid wastes, wastewater, biogas yields, Benin City, Nigeria |
Ighodaro Igbe, Osaze Edosuyi Toxicity profile of aqueous extract of Cassia alata flower in Wistar rats Journal Article (2), pp. 12, 2016. @article{Igbe2016, title = {Toxicity profile of aqueous extract of Cassia alata flower in Wistar rats}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe,Osaze Edosuyi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ighodaro-IgbeOsaze-Edosuyi....Toxicity_profile_of_aqueous_extract_of_Cassia_alat-1.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-24}, number = {2}, pages = {12}, abstract = {The aqueous extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) flower has been used to treat various ailments in folklore medicine in various parts of Africa. Toxicological evaluation of C. alata extract flower was determined in Wistar rats at doses of 100, 400 and 800 mg/kg by oral administration for 4 weeks and the effect on anthropometric, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed. The extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets counts at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg in the female rats. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the lipid profile, biochemical parameters, body weight and relative organ weight in the treated rats compared to the control. Examination of histological sections of the liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart did not show any remarkable changes or gross pathological changes during the post mortem examination of the animals at all doses compared with the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. alata flower is relatively safe when administered orally in rats. Keywords: Cassia alata; Toxicity; Liver function; Renal function; Haematology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aqueous extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) flower has been used to treat various ailments in folklore medicine in various parts of Africa. Toxicological evaluation of C. alata extract flower was determined in Wistar rats at doses of 100, 400 and 800 mg/kg by oral administration for 4 weeks and the effect on anthropometric, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed. The extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets counts at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg in the female rats. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the lipid profile, biochemical parameters, body weight and relative organ weight in the treated rats compared to the control. Examination of histological sections of the liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart did not show any remarkable changes or gross pathological changes during the post mortem examination of the animals at all doses compared with the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. alata flower is relatively safe when administered orally in rats. Keywords: Cassia alata; Toxicity; Liver function; Renal function; Haematology |
Ighodaro Igbe, ; Edosuyi, Osaze Toxicity profile of aqueous extract of Cassia alata flower in Wistar rats Journal Article Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 13 (2), pp. 92-102, 2016, ISSN: 0189-8442 . @article{Igbe2016b, title = {Toxicity profile of aqueous extract of Cassia alata flower in Wistar rats}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, and Osaze Edosuyi}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ighodaro_Igbe/publication/311553874_Toxicity_profile_of_aqueous_extract_of_Cassia_alata_flower_in_Wistar_rats/links/5a55c1a5aca272bb6962b271/Toxicity-profile-of-aqueous-extract-of-Cassia-alata-flower-in-Wistar-rats.pdf}, issn = {0189-8442 }, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-24}, journal = {Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {92-102}, abstract = {Abstract The aqueous extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) flower has been used to treat various ailments in folklore medicine in various parts of Africa. Toxicological evaluation of C. alata extract flower was determined in Wistar rats at doses of 100, 400 and 800 mg/kg by oral administration for 4 weeks and the effect on anthropometric, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed. The extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets counts at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg in the female rats. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the lipid profile, biochemical parameters, body weight and relative organ weight in the treated rats compared to the control. Examination of histological sections of the liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart did not show any remarkable changes or gross pathological changes during the post mortem examination of the animals at all doses compared with the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. alata flower is relatively safe when administered orally in rats. Keywords: Cassia alata; Toxicity; Liver function; Renal function; Haematology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The aqueous extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) flower has been used to treat various ailments in folklore medicine in various parts of Africa. Toxicological evaluation of C. alata extract flower was determined in Wistar rats at doses of 100, 400 and 800 mg/kg by oral administration for 4 weeks and the effect on anthropometric, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed. The extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets counts at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg in the female rats. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the lipid profile, biochemical parameters, body weight and relative organ weight in the treated rats compared to the control. Examination of histological sections of the liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart did not show any remarkable changes or gross pathological changes during the post mortem examination of the animals at all doses compared with the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. alata flower is relatively safe when administered orally in rats. Keywords: Cassia alata; Toxicity; Liver function; Renal function; Haematology |
Adetayo Olorunlana Agaptus Anaele, Titilayo Ainegbesua Okoror Catherine Olufunke Falade Ebunlomo Mary Walker 2016. @article{Olorunlana2016, title = {Social context surrounding HIV diagnosis and construction of masculinity: a qualitative study of stigma experiences of heterosexual HIV positive men in southwest Nigeria}, author = {Adetayo Olorunlana,Agaptus Anaele,Titilayo Ainegbesua Okoror,Catherine Olufunke Falade,Ebunlomo Mary Walker}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-3165-z#Sec6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3165-z}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-13}, abstract = {Background Though research has documented experiences of stigma and its effects on the lives of women living with HIV/AIDS, there is limited research on heterosexual positive HIV men experience of stigma in Nigeria. This study explored how social context surrounding HIV diagnosis impacts stigma experiences of heterosexual HIV positive men and their construction of masculinity in southwest Nigeria. Methods Using purposive sampling, 17 heterosexual HIV positive men were recruited through community based organization to participate in two hours focus group discussions or 45 min in-depth interviews that were audio-recorded. Without using the word stigma, discussions and interviews were guided by four questions that explored participants’ experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Interviews and discussions were conducted in three languages: English, Yoruba and Pidgin English. Thematic data analysis approach was in coding transcribed data, while social constructivist thinking guided data analysis. Results Participants ranged in age from 30 to 57 years old, and all were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Findings indicated that participants’ experiences of stigma might be moderated by the social context surrounding their HIV diagnosis, and whether they have met the socio-cultural construction of masculinity. Participants whose diagnosis were preceded by immediate family members’ diagnosis were less likely to report experiencing HIV stigma and more likely to report “not feeling less than a man” and educating others about HIV/AIDS. Contrarily, participants whose diagnosis was preceded by their own sickness were more likely to report isolation, sigma and feeling of being less than a man. All participants reported limiting their sexual intimacy, and those with children reported adjusting how they performed their role as fathers. Conclusions Social context surrounding HIV diagnosis impact how heterosexual HIV positive men experience HIV related stigma and how they perceive themselves as men, which may influence their care seeking behaviors. These findings have implications for HIV programs geared towards African heterosexual men in general and HIV positive men in particular.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Though research has documented experiences of stigma and its effects on the lives of women living with HIV/AIDS, there is limited research on heterosexual positive HIV men experience of stigma in Nigeria. This study explored how social context surrounding HIV diagnosis impacts stigma experiences of heterosexual HIV positive men and their construction of masculinity in southwest Nigeria. Methods Using purposive sampling, 17 heterosexual HIV positive men were recruited through community based organization to participate in two hours focus group discussions or 45 min in-depth interviews that were audio-recorded. Without using the word stigma, discussions and interviews were guided by four questions that explored participants’ experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Interviews and discussions were conducted in three languages: English, Yoruba and Pidgin English. Thematic data analysis approach was in coding transcribed data, while social constructivist thinking guided data analysis. Results Participants ranged in age from 30 to 57 years old, and all were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Findings indicated that participants’ experiences of stigma might be moderated by the social context surrounding their HIV diagnosis, and whether they have met the socio-cultural construction of masculinity. Participants whose diagnosis were preceded by immediate family members’ diagnosis were less likely to report experiencing HIV stigma and more likely to report “not feeling less than a man” and educating others about HIV/AIDS. Contrarily, participants whose diagnosis was preceded by their own sickness were more likely to report isolation, sigma and feeling of being less than a man. All participants reported limiting their sexual intimacy, and those with children reported adjusting how they performed their role as fathers. Conclusions Social context surrounding HIV diagnosis impact how heterosexual HIV positive men experience HIV related stigma and how they perceive themselves as men, which may influence their care seeking behaviors. These findings have implications for HIV programs geared towards African heterosexual men in general and HIV positive men in particular. |
Adetayo Olorunlana, Samuel Ojima Adejoh Managing Breast Cancer: Echoes from Patients in Lagos, Nigeria Journal Article 32 , 2016. @article{Olorunlana2016b, title = {Managing Breast Cancer: Echoes from Patients in Lagos, Nigeria}, author = {Adetayo Olorunlana,Samuel Ojima Adejoh}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13187-016-1058-6}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-10}, volume = {32}, abstract = {Breast cancer is ranked second as the cause of cancer death among women. Of importance to the management of breast cancer is the interaction processes between the patients and their professional caregivers or healthcare providers. Against this background, this study explores the experiences of Nigerian women as breast cancer patients and their interaction with their caregivers in the management of their condition. The study was cross-sectional in design. Twenty diagnosed breast cancer patients participated in the study and were purposively selected using convenience and snow balling sampling technique. Patients affirmed that they were initially afraid when diagnosed but overcame their fear based on caregivers’ supports. Physical interactions and the use of mobile phones were common means of communication while the fear of death and financial burden of the disease were of major concerns to the patients. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the quality of care and treatment received in the private hospitals as they were encouraged and supported. It was discovered that professional caregivers are germane to patients’ survival from shock and adequate information on how to manage their condition and live a normal life.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Breast cancer is ranked second as the cause of cancer death among women. Of importance to the management of breast cancer is the interaction processes between the patients and their professional caregivers or healthcare providers. Against this background, this study explores the experiences of Nigerian women as breast cancer patients and their interaction with their caregivers in the management of their condition. The study was cross-sectional in design. Twenty diagnosed breast cancer patients participated in the study and were purposively selected using convenience and snow balling sampling technique. Patients affirmed that they were initially afraid when diagnosed but overcame their fear based on caregivers’ supports. Physical interactions and the use of mobile phones were common means of communication while the fear of death and financial burden of the disease were of major concerns to the patients. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the quality of care and treatment received in the private hospitals as they were encouraged and supported. It was discovered that professional caregivers are germane to patients’ survival from shock and adequate information on how to manage their condition and live a normal life. |
Onyegbadue Ikenna Ukagu Stephen Nwachukwu, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin Guiawa Mathurine Analysis of the Response of Nigerian 330kv Long Journal Article Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology, 5 (3), pp. 354, 2016, ISSN: 2278–179X. @article{Martin2016, title = {Analysis of the Response of Nigerian 330kv Long}, author = {Onyegbadue Ikenna, Ukagu Stephen Nwachukwu, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin, Guiawa Mathurine }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Onyegbadue-Ikenna-A-Ukagu-Stephen-NwachukwuUgada-Chukwuemeka-MartinGuiawa-Mathurine-Analysis-of-the-Response-of-Nigerian-330kv-Long.pdf}, issn = {2278–179X}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {354}, abstract = {Abstract: This research work analyses the behaviour of the Nigerian 330kV long transmission network to controlled signals. To carry out this work successfully, the network was modelled using Laplace transform in the S-domain. The state space equations for the long transmission lines in the network were also obtained. The network was tested for stability using the Eigen values for the state variables. The Unit-step signals and the Impulse signal were injected into the long transmission line network. The response of the network was obtained. The work was based on the effect of varying shunt capacitance on the long transmission line. The long transmission lines did not record a steady state time and were also observed to be unstable.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: This research work analyses the behaviour of the Nigerian 330kV long transmission network to controlled signals. To carry out this work successfully, the network was modelled using Laplace transform in the S-domain. The state space equations for the long transmission lines in the network were also obtained. The network was tested for stability using the Eigen values for the state variables. The Unit-step signals and the Impulse signal were injected into the long transmission line network. The response of the network was obtained. The work was based on the effect of varying shunt capacitance on the long transmission line. The long transmission lines did not record a steady state time and were also observed to be unstable. |
Onyegbadue Ikenna Ukagu Stephen Nwachukwu, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin Analysis of the Response of Nigerian 330kv Long Journal Article Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology, 5 (3), pp. 354, 2016, ISSN: 1991-8178. @article{A2016, title = {Analysis of the Response of Nigerian 330kv Long}, author = {Onyegbadue Ikenna, Ukagu Stephen Nwachukwu, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin, }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Onyegbadue-Ikenna-A-Ukagu-Stephen-Nwachukwu-Ugada-Chukwuemeka-MartinAnalysis-of-the-Response-of-Nigerian-330kv-Long.pdf}, issn = {1991-8178}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = { Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {354}, abstract = {Abstract: The goal of the millennium is to conserve energy. Medium scale machines are known to possess a better overall energy efficiency utilization particularly in rural areas in comparison to the full blown commercial ones. Thus a 120kg /hr (medium/intermediate scale) ginger pulverizer was designed and fabricated with about 80% of materials of construction locally sourced. The machine design was empirical, which involved the use of information from handbooks, experience and scientific principles. The performance of the machine was evaluated in terms of throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency, energy coefficient, losses and size reduction ratio as 96 kg/hr; 80%, 0.032ton/hp-hr; 24.63% and 21:1 respectively. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: The goal of the millennium is to conserve energy. Medium scale machines are known to possess a better overall energy efficiency utilization particularly in rural areas in comparison to the full blown commercial ones. Thus a 120kg /hr (medium/intermediate scale) ginger pulverizer was designed and fabricated with about 80% of materials of construction locally sourced. The machine design was empirical, which involved the use of information from handbooks, experience and scientific principles. The performance of the machine was evaluated in terms of throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency, energy coefficient, losses and size reduction ratio as 96 kg/hr; 80%, 0.032ton/hp-hr; 24.63% and 21:1 respectively. |
Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu Olley Mitsan, Bankole Oladeinde Ilse Palmans Patrick Van Dijck WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 5 , pp. 13, 2016, ISSN: 2278 – 4357. @article{Okwu2016b, title = {STAPHYLOCOCCAL CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC (SCCMEC) TYPING OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI OBTAINED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA.}, author = {Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu ,Olley Mitsan, Bankole Oladeinde, Ilse Palmans,Patrick Van Dijck}, url = {https://edouniversity.edu.ng/oerrepository/articles/staphylococcal_cassette_chromosome_mec_sccmec_typing_of_methicillin-resistant_staphylococci_obtained_from_clinical_samples_in_south-south_nigeria.pdf}, issn = {2278 – 4357}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-23}, journal = {WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES}, volume = {5}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Molecular typing techniques have been employed in the epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) to identify the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types in the isolates obtained from four hospitals in south-south, Nigeria. A total of 149 staphylococcal isolates were obtained from clinical samples from March through September, 2015. They were identified and SCCmec typing was done using single-target PCR. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) in this study was 53.7%. SCCmec type II was the most prevalent with 43.0% while for cassette chromosome recombinases (ccr) typing, ccrC (type5) was the predominant with 44.2%. Nineteen (22.1%) of the MRS isolates were non-typeable for both ccr and mec gene complexes. There is a need to curb the spread of MRS in south-south, Nigeria KEYWORDS: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Polymerase chain reaction, Molecular typing}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Molecular typing techniques have been employed in the epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) to identify the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types in the isolates obtained from four hospitals in south-south, Nigeria. A total of 149 staphylococcal isolates were obtained from clinical samples from March through September, 2015. They were identified and SCCmec typing was done using single-target PCR. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) in this study was 53.7%. SCCmec type II was the most prevalent with 43.0% while for cassette chromosome recombinases (ccr) typing, ccrC (type5) was the predominant with 44.2%. Nineteen (22.1%) of the MRS isolates were non-typeable for both ccr and mec gene complexes. There is a need to curb the spread of MRS in south-south, Nigeria KEYWORDS: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Polymerase chain reaction, Molecular typing |
Ighodaro Igbe Lian-qi Chena, Xiao-fei Shen Bo-yang Hu Yuan Lin Cheng-gang Zhang Guo-lin Zhang Xiao-hong Yuana Fei Wang Nitric oxide production inhibition and mechanism of phenanthrene analogs in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages Journal Article 26 , pp. 2521-2525, 2016. @article{Igbe2016c, title = {Nitric oxide production inhibition and mechanism of phenanthrene analogs in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, Lian-qi Chena, Xiao-fei Shen, Bo-yang Hu, Yuan Lin, Cheng-gang Zhang, Guo-lin Zhang, Xiao-hong Yuana, Fei Wang}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X16303195}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-15}, volume = {26}, pages = {2521-2525}, abstract = {Abstract Natural phenanthrene derivatives are considered to be important resource for the anti-inflammatory therapeutics, but their structure–activity relationship and mechanisms are still unknown. In this study we evaluated 20 synthesized phenanthrene analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 10, 11 and 17 were found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) with IC50 values of 37.26 μM, 5.05 μM and 20.31 μM, respectively. Compound 11 decreased LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinase Akt. It also suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκBα). Data obtained suggest that compound 11 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting p38 MAPK and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways, which warrants further investigation as a new anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical tool. Keywords PhenanthreneAnti-inflammatory activityp38IκBαMacrophage}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Natural phenanthrene derivatives are considered to be important resource for the anti-inflammatory therapeutics, but their structure–activity relationship and mechanisms are still unknown. In this study we evaluated 20 synthesized phenanthrene analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 10, 11 and 17 were found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) with IC50 values of 37.26 μM, 5.05 μM and 20.31 μM, respectively. Compound 11 decreased LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinase Akt. It also suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκBα). Data obtained suggest that compound 11 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting p38 MAPK and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways, which warrants further investigation as a new anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical tool. Keywords PhenanthreneAnti-inflammatory activityp38IκBαMacrophage |
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro Eruero Victor Atuma, Ayodele Samuel Adeniyi Design and Fabrication of Compression Molding Machine for Plastic Waste Recycling in Nigeria Journal Article International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering,, 3 (11), pp. 20, 2016, ISSN: 2454-390X. @article{Orhorhoro2016b, title = {Design and Fabrication of Compression Molding Machine for Plastic Waste Recycling in Nigeria}, author = {Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Eruero Victor Atuma, Ayodele Samuel Adeniyi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Ejiroghene-Kelly-Orhorhoroa-Eruero-Victor-Atumab-Ayodele-Samuel-Adeniyic-Design-and-Fabrication-of-Compression-Molding-Machine-for-Plastic-Waste-Recycling-in-Nigeria.pdf}, issn = {2454-390X}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-28}, journal = {International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering,}, volume = {3}, number = {11}, pages = {20}, abstract = {The current study was aimed at the design and fabrication of compression molding machine for plastic waste recycling in Nigeria. The machine was designed, fabricated and assembled from locally available raw materials in Nigeria. The machine consists mainly of threaded screw, hopper, heater, heating chamber, forming chamber, steel frame, and control switch. The raw materials (waste plastics) were loaded through the hopper and heated within a temperature range of 1800C-2200C and under a pressure of 3.77 MN/m2. The control switch was used to control the system. Newtonian fluid flow and NonNewtonian fluid flow were applied. The working temperature was determined as 2200C. Thus at that temperature, the polythene solid plastic waste material undergo change of state from solid to completely liquid. Others parameters calculated for are molding temperature (42 0C), material plasticizing rate (1kg/hr), heat transfer per unit mass (2520W), total force (142.58KN), pressure distributed in the barrel (3.77MN/m2), volume flow rate (1.178 x 10-5m3/sec), and factor of safety (1.33). From the results obtained based on the quality of mold produced by the compression molding machine, the fabricated machine performance was satisfactory and can be used locally and industrially in small scale.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The current study was aimed at the design and fabrication of compression molding machine for plastic waste recycling in Nigeria. The machine was designed, fabricated and assembled from locally available raw materials in Nigeria. The machine consists mainly of threaded screw, hopper, heater, heating chamber, forming chamber, steel frame, and control switch. The raw materials (waste plastics) were loaded through the hopper and heated within a temperature range of 1800C-2200C and under a pressure of 3.77 MN/m2. The control switch was used to control the system. Newtonian fluid flow and NonNewtonian fluid flow were applied. The working temperature was determined as 2200C. Thus at that temperature, the polythene solid plastic waste material undergo change of state from solid to completely liquid. Others parameters calculated for are molding temperature (42 0C), material plasticizing rate (1kg/hr), heat transfer per unit mass (2520W), total force (142.58KN), pressure distributed in the barrel (3.77MN/m2), volume flow rate (1.178 x 10-5m3/sec), and factor of safety (1.33). From the results obtained based on the quality of mold produced by the compression molding machine, the fabricated machine performance was satisfactory and can be used locally and industrially in small scale. |
Dominic Osayande Osaghaea, Jacob Aghomon Unuigbeb 33 (1), 2016. @article{Osaghaea2016, title = {Twin anemia – polycythemia sequence (TAPS): postnatal correction of severe anemia in the donor twin by transfusion of blood evacuated from the recipient polycythemic twin}, author = {Dominic Osayande Osaghaea, Jacob Aghomon Unuigbeb }, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjog/article/view/135975/125470}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-25}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Objective: To correct anemia by postnatal blood transfusion in the (intrauterine) donor twin neonate with blood obtained from the (intrauterine) recipient polycythemic twin. Methods: The monochorionic twins displayed features of TAPS; concordant intrauterine normal amniotic sacs and fluid volumes, concordant birth weights (2.4kg and 2.2kg) but discordant postnatal haemoglobins (28.3d/dL and 7.3g/dL). Following resuscitation and admission to neonatal intensive care unit, clinical assessment revealed severe polycythemia and severe anemia in the first and second twin respectively. By partial exchange blood transfusion, blood obtained from the first twin was transfused to the second twin. Results: The babies responded well to neonatal care and anemia was effectively corrected (Hb 18.0d/dL and 11.3g/dL for twin 1 and 2 respectively). One year after birth, the twins are doing well with appropriate developmental milestones. Conclusions: Homologous transfusion of blood from a sister twin is an uncommon but welcome practice especially in a setting where donated blood is hardly readily available. This practice is strongly recommended in the management of neonatal anemia encountered in cases of TAPS and prenatal successfully managed Twin – Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). Key words:Twin, Transfusion, Severe Anemia, Polycythemia}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Objective: To correct anemia by postnatal blood transfusion in the (intrauterine) donor twin neonate with blood obtained from the (intrauterine) recipient polycythemic twin. Methods: The monochorionic twins displayed features of TAPS; concordant intrauterine normal amniotic sacs and fluid volumes, concordant birth weights (2.4kg and 2.2kg) but discordant postnatal haemoglobins (28.3d/dL and 7.3g/dL). Following resuscitation and admission to neonatal intensive care unit, clinical assessment revealed severe polycythemia and severe anemia in the first and second twin respectively. By partial exchange blood transfusion, blood obtained from the first twin was transfused to the second twin. Results: The babies responded well to neonatal care and anemia was effectively corrected (Hb 18.0d/dL and 11.3g/dL for twin 1 and 2 respectively). One year after birth, the twins are doing well with appropriate developmental milestones. Conclusions: Homologous transfusion of blood from a sister twin is an uncommon but welcome practice especially in a setting where donated blood is hardly readily available. This practice is strongly recommended in the management of neonatal anemia encountered in cases of TAPS and prenatal successfully managed Twin – Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). Key words:Twin, Transfusion, Severe Anemia, Polycythemia |
Dominic O. Osaghae, Jacob Unuigbe A Transfusion syndromes in monochorionic multiplets: An overview Journal Article 33 (2), pp. 135-42, 2016. @article{Osaghae2016, title = {Transfusion syndromes in monochorionic multiplets: An overview}, author = {Dominic O. Osaghae, Jacob A. Unuigbe}, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjog/article/view/151850/141445}, doi = {10.4103/0189-5117.192211}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-20}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {135-42}, abstract = {Abstract The west Africa sub‑region, notably Nigeria, records the highest twin and triplet birth rates globally. Therefore, the time has come for attention to be focused on an area of gemellology, feto‑fetal transfusion syndromes in multiplets, in order to attend to what the authors consider a yet‑to‑be‑explored major significant contributor to the overall unacceptably high fetal, perinatal and neonatal losses in the region. This review examines the genetics, embryology and pathophysiology of twinning in general to provide the background to the spectrum of clinical presentations of feto‑fetal transfusion syndromes. Twin‑to‑twin transfusion syndromes (TTTS) are unique prenatal complications of monochorionic multiplets and manifest as twin oligohydramnios polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS), twin anaemia polyhydramnios sequence (TAPS) and twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAPS). These grave complications are associated with fetal malformations and early miscarriages as well as fetal weight and haemoglobin discordances, discordant haemodynamic changes in addition to intrauterine deaths, perinatal asphyxia, cerebral palsy and brain damage. Most importantly, the management of TTTS requires highly skilled interventions, expensive equipment, rare expertise and costly treatment options that are currently not available in Nigeria and other developing countries. Moreover, these management options are unavailable in Nigeria because considerable attention of the health system is directed at the burden of high levels of maternal, perinatal, and childhood morbidity and mortality. Regardless of these overwhelming obstetric and paediatric challenges, there is still urgent need to develop feto‑maternal medicine units in the country to focus attention on the management of TTTS because of high twinning rate and attending fetal, perinatal and neonatal wastages. Furthermore, Nigeria is now witnessing an increased incidence of twin births from the rapidly developing assisted reproductive therapy centres in the country. All these provide justification for devoting attention to this unique area of perinatal care that will, on balance, be robustly cost effective. Hence, this review of transfusion syndromes in monochorionic multiplets aims to sensitize health workers and researchers in Nigeria, particularly perinatologists and feto‑maternal physicians, neonatal paediatricians, as well as policy makers and other stakeholders, on the need to focus attention on the problem. Keywords: Feto‑fetal; monochorionic multiplets; transfusion syndrome}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The west Africa sub‑region, notably Nigeria, records the highest twin and triplet birth rates globally. Therefore, the time has come for attention to be focused on an area of gemellology, feto‑fetal transfusion syndromes in multiplets, in order to attend to what the authors consider a yet‑to‑be‑explored major significant contributor to the overall unacceptably high fetal, perinatal and neonatal losses in the region. This review examines the genetics, embryology and pathophysiology of twinning in general to provide the background to the spectrum of clinical presentations of feto‑fetal transfusion syndromes. Twin‑to‑twin transfusion syndromes (TTTS) are unique prenatal complications of monochorionic multiplets and manifest as twin oligohydramnios polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS), twin anaemia polyhydramnios sequence (TAPS) and twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAPS). These grave complications are associated with fetal malformations and early miscarriages as well as fetal weight and haemoglobin discordances, discordant haemodynamic changes in addition to intrauterine deaths, perinatal asphyxia, cerebral palsy and brain damage. Most importantly, the management of TTTS requires highly skilled interventions, expensive equipment, rare expertise and costly treatment options that are currently not available in Nigeria and other developing countries. Moreover, these management options are unavailable in Nigeria because considerable attention of the health system is directed at the burden of high levels of maternal, perinatal, and childhood morbidity and mortality. Regardless of these overwhelming obstetric and paediatric challenges, there is still urgent need to develop feto‑maternal medicine units in the country to focus attention on the management of TTTS because of high twinning rate and attending fetal, perinatal and neonatal wastages. Furthermore, Nigeria is now witnessing an increased incidence of twin births from the rapidly developing assisted reproductive therapy centres in the country. All these provide justification for devoting attention to this unique area of perinatal care that will, on balance, be robustly cost effective. Hence, this review of transfusion syndromes in monochorionic multiplets aims to sensitize health workers and researchers in Nigeria, particularly perinatologists and feto‑maternal physicians, neonatal paediatricians, as well as policy makers and other stakeholders, on the need to focus attention on the problem. Keywords: Feto‑fetal; monochorionic multiplets; transfusion syndrome |
Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida, Bawo Kubeyinje Evaluation of bacterial profile and biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater Journal Article 10 , 2016, ISSN: 1996-0786. @article{Ezemonye2016, title = {Evaluation of bacterial profile and biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater}, author = {Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye, Emmanuel Temiotan Ogbomida, Bawo Kubeyinje}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/132817-357831-1-SM.pdf}, doi = {10.5897/AJEST2015.1945}, issn = {1996-0786}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-18}, volume = {10}, abstract = {Abattoir wastewater treatments were monitored using physicochemical parameters, bacterial profile and biodegradation potential for 28 days at 7 days intervals. The stages of abattoir wastewater treatment were evaluated through determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate and iron using standard procedures. Bacterial plate counts were determined using the pour plate method with nutrient agar. Characterization and identification of bacteria was done on the basis of cultural appearance of colony, morphology, differential and selective media. The results showed that Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. were common to both abattoir wastewater samples. Serratia sp. was identified only in Ikpoba Hill abattoir wastewater. The bacteria occurrence frequency revealed that Escherichia sp. was dominant (P>0.05) in both abattoir samples while Streptococcus sp. was least abundant. Bacterial plate count revealed significant increase in both abattoir wastewater samples. BOD5/COD ratio revealed that degradation was slow below normal limit of 0.6, and then significantly increased with time. Physicochemical parameters showed significant difference at P>0.05 for both abattoirs. These results suggest that temporal variations of the effluent bacterial community may be useful to predict the wastewater treatment performance and settleability of activated sludge. Key words: Bacteria profile, biodegradability, physicochemical parameters, bacterial community, abattoir wastewater.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abattoir wastewater treatments were monitored using physicochemical parameters, bacterial profile and biodegradation potential for 28 days at 7 days intervals. The stages of abattoir wastewater treatment were evaluated through determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate and iron using standard procedures. Bacterial plate counts were determined using the pour plate method with nutrient agar. Characterization and identification of bacteria was done on the basis of cultural appearance of colony, morphology, differential and selective media. The results showed that Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. were common to both abattoir wastewater samples. Serratia sp. was identified only in Ikpoba Hill abattoir wastewater. The bacteria occurrence frequency revealed that Escherichia sp. was dominant (P>0.05) in both abattoir samples while Streptococcus sp. was least abundant. Bacterial plate count revealed significant increase in both abattoir wastewater samples. BOD5/COD ratio revealed that degradation was slow below normal limit of 0.6, and then significantly increased with time. Physicochemical parameters showed significant difference at P>0.05 for both abattoirs. These results suggest that temporal variations of the effluent bacterial community may be useful to predict the wastewater treatment performance and settleability of activated sludge. Key words: Bacteria profile, biodegradability, physicochemical parameters, bacterial community, abattoir wastewater. |
P.O. EBUNILO E.K ORHORHORO, ADEGBAYI O A INVESTIGATION OF THE PURIFICATION OF BIOGAS FROM DOMESTIC WASTES USING LOCAL MATERIALS IN NIGERIA Journal Article International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7 , pp. 514, 2016, ISSN: 2229-5518. @article{EBUNILO2016, title = {INVESTIGATION OF THE PURIFICATION OF BIOGAS FROM DOMESTIC WASTES USING LOCAL MATERIALS IN NIGERIA}, author = {P.O. EBUNILO, E.K ORHORHORO , O.A. ADEGBAYI}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/P.O.-EBUNILO-E.K.-ORHORHORO1-O.A.-ADEGBAYI-INVESTIGATION-OF-THE-PURIFICATION-OF-BIOGAS-FROM-DOMESTIC-WASTES-USING-LOCAL-MATERIALS-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, issn = { 2229-5518}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-02}, journal = {International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research}, volume = {7}, pages = {514}, abstract = {Abstract: Purification of biogas from domestic wastes using local materials in Nigeria was investigated. A cylindrical filter made with transparent polyethenes outer casing was loaded with 250g of local materials separated and supported with local sponge to remove water vapour, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. A second filter which served as control set up was loaded with 250g standard reagents comprising of iron fillings and quicklime. The local materials used comprised of charcoal, potash, clay, iron ore and zeolite. The results obtained were analyzed for percentage composition of biogas and the activeness of the local materials. The results showed an improvement in methane from 68.05% to 73.88% with zeolite, 69.08% to 69.68% with Iron ore, 68.85% to 74.89% with charcoal, 68.88% to 76.08% with potash, and 69.05% to 71.13% with clay and 68.96% to 82.37% when all the local materials were used at the same time. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: Purification of biogas from domestic wastes using local materials in Nigeria was investigated. A cylindrical filter made with transparent polyethenes outer casing was loaded with 250g of local materials separated and supported with local sponge to remove water vapour, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. A second filter which served as control set up was loaded with 250g standard reagents comprising of iron fillings and quicklime. The local materials used comprised of charcoal, potash, clay, iron ore and zeolite. The results obtained were analyzed for percentage composition of biogas and the activeness of the local materials. The results showed an improvement in methane from 68.05% to 73.88% with zeolite, 69.08% to 69.68% with Iron ore, 68.85% to 74.89% with charcoal, 68.88% to 76.08% with potash, and 69.05% to 71.13% with clay and 68.96% to 82.37% when all the local materials were used at the same time. |
ATU Oghogho Gina, RAPHAEL Igbinosa Adeghe ATU Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley. CHALLENGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IFRS IN LESS DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Journal Article lgbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 1 , pp. 26, 2016. @article{ATU2016, title = {CHALLENGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IFRS IN LESS DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES}, author = {ATU, Oghogho Gina,RAPHAEL, Igbinosa Adeghe,ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley.}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ATU-Oghogho-GinaRAPHAEL-Igbinosa-AdegheATU-Omimi-Ejoor-Osaretin-Kingsley.CHALLENGES-OF-THE-IMPLEMENTATION-OF-IFRS-IN-LESS-DEVELOPED-AND-DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {lgbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {1}, pages = {26}, abstract = {ABSTRACT International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are set of Accounting Standards developed by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) that is the global standards recognized for the preparation of companies financial statements. International financial reporting standard (IFRS) has a lot of challenges as it were, this paper tends to look at these challenges as it affect financial reporting in developing and less developed countries. This paper also looks at network effect of IFRS, the importance of IFRS, and gave appropriate recommendations that will aid effective implementation of the international financial reporting standards (IFRS)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are set of Accounting Standards developed by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) that is the global standards recognized for the preparation of companies financial statements. International financial reporting standard (IFRS) has a lot of challenges as it were, this paper tends to look at these challenges as it affect financial reporting in developing and less developed countries. This paper also looks at network effect of IFRS, the importance of IFRS, and gave appropriate recommendations that will aid effective implementation of the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) |
ATU Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley ATU, Favour Osaro ENEGBE Precious ATU Efosa Collins O DETERMINANTS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN QUOTED COMPANIES Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting, pp. 133, 2016. @article{ATU2016b, title = { DETERMINANTS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN QUOTED COMPANIES}, author = {ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley ATU, Favour Osaro ENEGBE .O. Precious, ATU, Efosa Collins}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ATU-Omimi-Ejoor-Osaretin-Kingsley-ATU-Favour-Osaro-ENEGBE-.O.-Precious-ATU-Efosa-Collins-DETERMINANTS-OF-EARNINGS-MANAGEMENT-IN-NIGERIAN-QUOTED-COMPANIES.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting}, pages = {133}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of earnings management using selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional research design with an extensive reliance on secondary data from the financial statement of quoted company’s annual report. The simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 30 companies for 2007-2014 financial years. Secondary data sourced from financial statements of quoted companies retrieved from the Nigeria Stock Exchange and websites of the sampled companies will be utilized for the study. The study will make use of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis as the data analysis method. In this study we adopted OLS regression techniques to examine how the explanatory variables (Corporate governance, firm size, audit firm type and financial performance) impact on earnings management using discretionary accruals measure. The study finding indicates the existence of negative significant relationship between board size, audit firm type and earnings management In addition, they study also found the existence of a non-significant relationship between firm size, ROA and earnings management. The recommendation is that there is the need for companies to consider the need to increase their board independence. Again companies must ensure that the auditors’ they engage are credible and have a track record of delivering reports that show the actual state of affairs of a company. Finally, Financial Reporting Council should have stiffer penalty for companies caught engaging in the act of earnings management}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of earnings management using selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional research design with an extensive reliance on secondary data from the financial statement of quoted company’s annual report. The simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 30 companies for 2007-2014 financial years. Secondary data sourced from financial statements of quoted companies retrieved from the Nigeria Stock Exchange and websites of the sampled companies will be utilized for the study. The study will make use of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis as the data analysis method. In this study we adopted OLS regression techniques to examine how the explanatory variables (Corporate governance, firm size, audit firm type and financial performance) impact on earnings management using discretionary accruals measure. The study finding indicates the existence of negative significant relationship between board size, audit firm type and earnings management In addition, they study also found the existence of a non-significant relationship between firm size, ROA and earnings management. The recommendation is that there is the need for companies to consider the need to increase their board independence. Again companies must ensure that the auditors’ they engage are credible and have a track record of delivering reports that show the actual state of affairs of a company. Finally, Financial Reporting Council should have stiffer penalty for companies caught engaging in the act of earnings management |
EDOGIAWERIE O. Unuagbon DAVID Jerry Oziegbe, FINANCIAL REPORTING AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE IN NIGERIA QUOTED COMPANIES Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 1 , pp. 58, 2016. @article{Unuagbon2016, title = { FINANCIAL REPORTING AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE IN NIGERIA QUOTED COMPANIES}, author = {EDOGIAWERIE O. Unuagbon, DAVID Jerry Oziegbe,}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EDOGIAWERIE-O.-Unuagbon-DAVID-Jerry-Oziegbe-FINANCIAL-REPORTING-AND-VOLUNTARY-DISCLOSURE-IN-NIGERIA-QUOTED-COMPANIES-1.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {1}, pages = {58}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Voluntary disclosure in accounting is disclosure of information which exceeds the mandatory information limits in terms of content or amount as decided by the management of the firm. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship that exists between a company’s performance and its voluntary disclosure level. The sample of the study was drawn from fifty (50) companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis was used to test the data generated from their annual reports. The study found out that there is significant positive relationship between companies’ performance and the extent of their voluntary disclosures. The study then recommends amongst others that regulatory authorities should ensure that companies disclose information to its stakeholders that will enable them make informed decisions. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Voluntary disclosure in accounting is disclosure of information which exceeds the mandatory information limits in terms of content or amount as decided by the management of the firm. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship that exists between a company’s performance and its voluntary disclosure level. The sample of the study was drawn from fifty (50) companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis was used to test the data generated from their annual reports. The study found out that there is significant positive relationship between companies’ performance and the extent of their voluntary disclosures. The study then recommends amongst others that regulatory authorities should ensure that companies disclose information to its stakeholders that will enable them make informed decisions. |
EIYA Ofiafoh ILABOYA, OKOYE Francis O J A RELIGIOSITY AND TAX COMPLIANCE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , pp. 41, 2016. @article{Ofiafoh2016, title = { RELIGIOSITY AND TAX COMPLIANCE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA}, author = {EIYA Ofiafoh ,ILABOYA, O. J ,OKOYE, A. Francis}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EIYA-Ofiafoh-ILABOYA-O.-J-OKOYE-A.-Francis.-RELIGIOSITY-AND-TAX-COMPLIANCE-EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE-FROM-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, pages = {41}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper was to empirically examine the influence of religiosity on tax compliance in Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design in order to get the opinion of taxpayers about tax compliance. For the purpose of the paper, we administered questionnaires to taxpayers across various States in Nigeria. The data collected from the field was analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Ordinary least square regression analysis. The study showed that 83% of the respondents indicate that they are religious people. From analysis, we found no significant difference in the tax compliance behavior of Christians and Muslims in Nigeria. The paper concluded that religious values alone do not play a significant role to make the taxpayers liable for tax compliance., however, Nigerian tax payers are not strongly influenced by the threat of punishment employed by the tax authority but by other factors that are more influential in encouraging their willingness to voluntarily comply with tax laws.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper was to empirically examine the influence of religiosity on tax compliance in Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design in order to get the opinion of taxpayers about tax compliance. For the purpose of the paper, we administered questionnaires to taxpayers across various States in Nigeria. The data collected from the field was analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Ordinary least square regression analysis. The study showed that 83% of the respondents indicate that they are religious people. From analysis, we found no significant difference in the tax compliance behavior of Christians and Muslims in Nigeria. The paper concluded that religious values alone do not play a significant role to make the taxpayers liable for tax compliance., however, Nigerian tax payers are not strongly influenced by the threat of punishment employed by the tax authority but by other factors that are more influential in encouraging their willingness to voluntarily comply with tax laws. |
EKUNDAYO Olugbenga Uk, ODHIGU Festus DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 1 , pp. 107, 2016. @article{EKUNDAYO2016, title = { DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA}, author = {EKUNDAYO, Olugbenga Uk, ODHIGU,Festus}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EKUNDAYO-Olugbenga-Uk-ODHIGUFestus-DETERMINANTS-OF-HUMAN-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {1}, pages = {107}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of human capital accounting in Nigeria. Secondary data was used for the study and the data were sourced from the annual reports of 30 companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) fact-book as at 31st December, 2014. Pooled data research design was adopted in this study while the ordinary least square regression technique was used to test the relationship between the variables. The study revealed that size of employee has a significant impact on human capital accounting.. Also this study reveals that welfare and training cost has a significant impact on human capital in Nigeria. The study recommends that size of employee would impact positively on the efficiency, sustainability and profitability of the firm. Lastly, training of staff both locally and internationally should be taken into consideration because it will help to expose them to current developments in there area of specialization. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of human capital accounting in Nigeria. Secondary data was used for the study and the data were sourced from the annual reports of 30 companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) fact-book as at 31st December, 2014. Pooled data research design was adopted in this study while the ordinary least square regression technique was used to test the relationship between the variables. The study revealed that size of employee has a significant impact on human capital accounting.. Also this study reveals that welfare and training cost has a significant impact on human capital in Nigeria. The study recommends that size of employee would impact positively on the efficiency, sustainability and profitability of the firm. Lastly, training of staff both locally and internationally should be taken into consideration because it will help to expose them to current developments in there area of specialization. |
MASOYI Dadi Aliyu, ABUBAKAR Usman Musa ADAMU Shehu Shika OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND PAYOUT POLICY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 1 , pp. 101, 2016. @article{Aliyu2016b, title = { OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND PAYOUT POLICY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA}, author = {MASOYI Dadi Aliyu, ABUBAKAR Usman Musa ADAMU Shehu Shika}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/MASOYI-Dadi-Aliyu-ABUBAKAR-Usman-Musa-ADAMU-Shehu-Shika-OWNERSHIP-STRUCTURE-AND-PAYOUT-POLICY-OF-LISTED-DEPOSIT-MONEY-BANKS-IN-NIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {1}, pages = {101}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Payout policy is return to investors and is also a mechanism used to mitigate agency problems in a company, usually through large ownership. This study examined the impact of ownership structure on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Correlational research design is employed in a sample of thirteen (13) listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for a period of five (5) years (2009-2013). Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression technique of data analysis was used in the analysis. The study found that ownership structure has significant positive impact on the dividend policy of the listed deposit money banks in Nigeria during the period covered by the study at 1% level of significance. The study in particular found that institutional shareholding and block holding have significant positive impact on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria during the period under review. On the contrary, the study found that managerial shareholding has no significant impact on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that the existing and potential investors should encourage investment in the deposit money banks in Nigeria through corporate institution and in large volume (block holding). The study also recommends that, regulators should make the larger proportion of the equity shareholding in the deposit money banks to be institutional.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Payout policy is return to investors and is also a mechanism used to mitigate agency problems in a company, usually through large ownership. This study examined the impact of ownership structure on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Correlational research design is employed in a sample of thirteen (13) listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for a period of five (5) years (2009-2013). Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression technique of data analysis was used in the analysis. The study found that ownership structure has significant positive impact on the dividend policy of the listed deposit money banks in Nigeria during the period covered by the study at 1% level of significance. The study in particular found that institutional shareholding and block holding have significant positive impact on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria during the period under review. On the contrary, the study found that managerial shareholding has no significant impact on the dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that the existing and potential investors should encourage investment in the deposit money banks in Nigeria through corporate institution and in large volume (block holding). The study also recommends that, regulators should make the larger proportion of the equity shareholding in the deposit money banks to be institutional. |
Dibia, NDUKWE O PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting, 1 , pp. 86, 2016. @article{Dibia2016, title = {PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION}, author = {NDUKWE O. Dibia}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NDUKWE-O.-Dibia.PERSPECTIVES-ON-THE-INTERNAL-AUDIT-FUNCTION.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting}, volume = {1}, pages = {86}, abstract = {Abstract Internal audit departments have become an important part of organizational structure as a value adding service and a very crucial instrument of management control. The importance of internal audits has been confirmed in a variety of legislation such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act (2002) in the USA. The recent spate of corporate collapses and financial scandals has resulted in an increased focus on internal auditing as an important consideration for organizations. The basic role of internal auditing is to help management achieve company goals. It also provides assurance that management has implemented a satisfactory internal control system to prevent risks. In addition, internal auditing should provide internal consulting services to all levels of the organization in terms of training, advices, facilitation and counsels. Nonetheless, to date, there has been scant research conducted on Internal Audit (IA) effectiveness. Prior IA research also has, for the most part, focussed on developed countries. Accordingly, internal audit appears generally, and IA effectiveness specifically, to be under-researched particularly in the context of developing countries. The increasing globalization of the world economy and the adoption of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank-led economic reforms are factors now driving the surging interest in corporate governance practices in several developing countries. Therefore, it is important to understand internal audit practices in these environments. Apart from contributing to the literature, studies on IA in developing countries could potentially provide a more holistic understanding of the nature, context and processes of internal audit. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Internal audit departments have become an important part of organizational structure as a value adding service and a very crucial instrument of management control. The importance of internal audits has been confirmed in a variety of legislation such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act (2002) in the USA. The recent spate of corporate collapses and financial scandals has resulted in an increased focus on internal auditing as an important consideration for organizations. The basic role of internal auditing is to help management achieve company goals. It also provides assurance that management has implemented a satisfactory internal control system to prevent risks. In addition, internal auditing should provide internal consulting services to all levels of the organization in terms of training, advices, facilitation and counsels. Nonetheless, to date, there has been scant research conducted on Internal Audit (IA) effectiveness. Prior IA research also has, for the most part, focussed on developed countries. Accordingly, internal audit appears generally, and IA effectiveness specifically, to be under-researched particularly in the context of developing countries. The increasing globalization of the world economy and the adoption of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank-led economic reforms are factors now driving the surging interest in corporate governance practices in several developing countries. Therefore, it is important to understand internal audit practices in these environments. Apart from contributing to the literature, studies on IA in developing countries could potentially provide a more holistic understanding of the nature, context and processes of internal audit. |
ATU Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley, ATU Favour Osaro ENEGBE Precious ATU Efosa Collins O DETERMINANTS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN Journal Article 1 (1), pp. 16, 2016. @article{ATU2016c, title = {DETERMINANTS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN }, author = {ATU, Omimi- Ejoor Osaretin Kingsley,ATU, Favour Osaro,ENEGBE .O. Precious,ATU, Efosa Collins }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/journals/791F85C39126667.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {16}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of earnings management using selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional research design with an extensive reliance on secondary data from the financial statement of quoted company’s annual report. The simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 30 companies for 2007-2014 financial years. Secondary data sourced from financial statements of quoted companies retrieved from the Nigeria Stock Exchange and websites of the sampled companies will be utilized for the study. The study will make use of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis as the data analysis method. In this study we adopted OLS regression techniques to examine how the explanatory variables (Corporate governance, firm size, audit firm type and financial performance) impact on earnings management using discretionary accruals measure. The study finding indicates the existence of negative significant relationship between board size, audit firm type and earnings management In addition, they study also found the existence of a non-significant relationship between firm size, ROA and earnings management. The recommendation is that there is the need for companies to consider the need to increase their board independence. Again companies must ensure that the auditors’ they engage are credible and have a track record of delivering reports that show the actual state of affairs of a company. Finally, Financial Reporting Council should have stiffer penalty for companies caught engaging in the act of earnings management. Key Words: Earnings Management, Firm size, Audit firm type, Corporate Governance Jel Codes: M4 & M41 }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of earnings management using selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional research design with an extensive reliance on secondary data from the financial statement of quoted company’s annual report. The simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 30 companies for 2007-2014 financial years. Secondary data sourced from financial statements of quoted companies retrieved from the Nigeria Stock Exchange and websites of the sampled companies will be utilized for the study. The study will make use of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis as the data analysis method. In this study we adopted OLS regression techniques to examine how the explanatory variables (Corporate governance, firm size, audit firm type and financial performance) impact on earnings management using discretionary accruals measure. The study finding indicates the existence of negative significant relationship between board size, audit firm type and earnings management In addition, they study also found the existence of a non-significant relationship between firm size, ROA and earnings management. The recommendation is that there is the need for companies to consider the need to increase their board independence. Again companies must ensure that the auditors’ they engage are credible and have a track record of delivering reports that show the actual state of affairs of a company. Finally, Financial Reporting Council should have stiffer penalty for companies caught engaging in the act of earnings management. Key Words: Earnings Management, Firm size, Audit firm type, Corporate Governance Jel Codes: M4 & M41 |
Deborah, Odejimi Is There a Relationship Between Risk Tolerance and Performance of Portfolio? Evidence from Civil Servants in Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article 2016. @article{Deborah2016, title = {Is There a Relationship Between Risk Tolerance and Performance of Portfolio? Evidence from Civil Servants in Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Odejimi Deborah }, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-22}, abstract = {This study investigates the performance of portfolio of civil servants in Edo State vis-à-vis Age, Networth and Risk tolerance variables. The risk tolerance variable was disaggregated into Conservative, Moderately Conservative, Moderately Aggressive, and Aggressive investors in order to capture the actual risk tolerance level of the individuals. Structured questionnaires were administered and data collected analyzed statistically using Microfit 4.1. The results obtained showed that explanatory variables like Age, Conservative and Aggressive investments have inverse relationship with portfolio performance hence did not conform to a priori expectation. It is recommended that Nigerian government should follow prudent macroeconomic policies since high interest and inflation rates not only create financial instability but also feed uncertainty, which affects stock market development and hence performance of portfolio particularly with regards to civil servants in Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigates the performance of portfolio of civil servants in Edo State vis-à-vis Age, Networth and Risk tolerance variables. The risk tolerance variable was disaggregated into Conservative, Moderately Conservative, Moderately Aggressive, and Aggressive investors in order to capture the actual risk tolerance level of the individuals. Structured questionnaires were administered and data collected analyzed statistically using Microfit 4.1. The results obtained showed that explanatory variables like Age, Conservative and Aggressive investments have inverse relationship with portfolio performance hence did not conform to a priori expectation. It is recommended that Nigerian government should follow prudent macroeconomic policies since high interest and inflation rates not only create financial instability but also feed uncertainty, which affects stock market development and hence performance of portfolio particularly with regards to civil servants in Nigeria. |
Omoruyi, Josephine Nigerian Press Council and Issue of Ethical Regulation for Journalism Practice Journal Article Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University, Okada, 2 , pp. 144, 2016. @article{Omoruyi2016, title = {Nigerian Press Council and Issue of Ethical Regulation for Journalism Practice}, author = {Josephine Omoruyi}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Mass Communication, Igbinedion University, Okada}, volume = {2}, pages = {144}, abstract = {Abstract Many codes of conduct or ethics had so far been produced respectively by Nigerian Union of Journalists [NUJ], Nigerian Guild of Editors [NGE] and the Nigerian Press Council in collaboration with the Nigerian Press Organization [NPO] all geared towards the regulation of the conduct of journalists as members of the Fourth Estate of the Realm. But there has been little or nothing to show that compliance has taken the place of breaches of these codes. Instead what we have is that there is the phobia for strict enforcement of the various ethical codes by journalists who often thwart the efforts of bodies set up to check their conduct. This study is a review of the different Press Codes for professional conduct and their composition, the differences in the laws and various provisions that were opposed by the Nigerian Press. It also attempted to bring to the fore the constraints on the effective operation of the other codes. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Many codes of conduct or ethics had so far been produced respectively by Nigerian Union of Journalists [NUJ], Nigerian Guild of Editors [NGE] and the Nigerian Press Council in collaboration with the Nigerian Press Organization [NPO] all geared towards the regulation of the conduct of journalists as members of the Fourth Estate of the Realm. But there has been little or nothing to show that compliance has taken the place of breaches of these codes. Instead what we have is that there is the phobia for strict enforcement of the various ethical codes by journalists who often thwart the efforts of bodies set up to check their conduct. This study is a review of the different Press Codes for professional conduct and their composition, the differences in the laws and various provisions that were opposed by the Nigerian Press. It also attempted to bring to the fore the constraints on the effective operation of the other codes. |
Deborah Odejimi Paul Ojeaga, Ononsenwalu Okhiria Femi Ilevbare Effect of Work Group Processes on Work Place Satisfaction and Performances - Evidence from University Class Groups Studies Journal Article Journal of Business and Management, (16), pp. 45, 2016, ISSN: 2278-487. @article{Odejimi2016, title = { Effect of Work Group Processes on Work Place Satisfaction and Performances - Evidence from University Class Groups Studies}, author = {Deborah Odejimi, Paul Ojeaga, Ononsenwalu Okhiria, Femi Ilevbare}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Deborah-Odejimi-Paul-Ojeaga-Ononsenwalu-Okhiria-Femi-Ilevbare-Effect-of-Work-Group-Processes-on-Work-Place-Satisfaction-and-Performances-Evidence-from-University-Class-Groups-Studies.pdf}, issn = {2278-487}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Business and Management}, number = {16}, pages = {45}, abstract = {Abstract: This study investigates the impact of work group composition on work place satisfaction and performances using results from experimental study of students from three groups in University of Gothenburg Sweden management class working groups. Work group composition is measured here by considering factors such language, nationality and culture among group members. Language had a positive and significant effect on workplace performance; this was also probably true since effective communication skill was likely to make working groups work in a hitch free manner. While culture on the other hand has a negative and statistical significant effect on workplace satisfaction, this was likely to be true since punctuality, individual comportment, and work ethics were likely factors that member of working groups take seriously when working as a team in groups. The horizontal flow of information (knowledge transfer) was also found to depend on work group output performances. This was reasonable, since how efficient work groups and sub groups within the groups efficiently carried out their tasks will depend on the horizontal flow of information in groups. The evidence presented in this study shows that issues of nationality was not relevant to individual group members overall satisfaction in participating in groups nor was it vital to overall group performances. The results could be beneficial to organization management particularly those that wish to improve overall output productivity since class work groups experimental studies are a miniature study of organizations, the implications of this study is that language and culture could improve organizational output productivity substantially since language could contributes significantly to organizational performances and work ethics is also likely to create workplace satisfaction which can contribute in a significant way to organizational output.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: This study investigates the impact of work group composition on work place satisfaction and performances using results from experimental study of students from three groups in University of Gothenburg Sweden management class working groups. Work group composition is measured here by considering factors such language, nationality and culture among group members. Language had a positive and significant effect on workplace performance; this was also probably true since effective communication skill was likely to make working groups work in a hitch free manner. While culture on the other hand has a negative and statistical significant effect on workplace satisfaction, this was likely to be true since punctuality, individual comportment, and work ethics were likely factors that member of working groups take seriously when working as a team in groups. The horizontal flow of information (knowledge transfer) was also found to depend on work group output performances. This was reasonable, since how efficient work groups and sub groups within the groups efficiently carried out their tasks will depend on the horizontal flow of information in groups. The evidence presented in this study shows that issues of nationality was not relevant to individual group members overall satisfaction in participating in groups nor was it vital to overall group performances. The results could be beneficial to organization management particularly those that wish to improve overall output productivity since class work groups experimental studies are a miniature study of organizations, the implications of this study is that language and culture could improve organizational output productivity substantially since language could contributes significantly to organizational performances and work ethics is also likely to create workplace satisfaction which can contribute in a significant way to organizational output. |
2015 |
IGHODARO IGBE, SILVANUS INNIH STEPHEN VINCENT OGEDENGBE LUCY AMAMINA Chronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Voacanga africana in Wistar Rats Journal Article 19 , pp. 8, 2015, ISSN: 1119-8362. @article{IGHODARO2015, title = {Chronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Voacanga africana in Wistar Rats}, author = {IGHODARO, IGBE, SILVANUS, INNIH, STEPHEN, VINCENT OGEDENGBE,LUCY, AMAMINA}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IGHODARO-IGBESILVANUSINNIHSTEPHENVINCENT-OGEDENGBELUCY-AMAMINA....-Chronic-toxicity-studies-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-voacanga-africana-in-wistar-rats-1.pdf}, issn = { 1119-8362}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-09}, volume = {19}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Voacanga Africana stapf (Apocynaceae) leaves is being used in herbal medicine to treat leprosy, diarrhoea, generalized oedema and convulsion in children as an infant tonic and the present study was aimed at its toxicological evaluation in wistar rats. The sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of Voacanga Africana stapf (100, 400 and 800 mg/kg) for 28 days after which the effect on anthropometric, haematological and histopathological parameters were assessed. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the pattern of weight gain in the female albino rats and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) but no significant difference in the organ weight index in all selected organs. There were no gross abnormalities or histopathological changes observed among any the groups treated. The results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana can be considered relatively safe on chronic administration to rats and may cause reduction in weight gain in female rats probably due to changes in female hormones. © JASEM}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Voacanga Africana stapf (Apocynaceae) leaves is being used in herbal medicine to treat leprosy, diarrhoea, generalized oedema and convulsion in children as an infant tonic and the present study was aimed at its toxicological evaluation in wistar rats. The sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of Voacanga Africana stapf (100, 400 and 800 mg/kg) for 28 days after which the effect on anthropometric, haematological and histopathological parameters were assessed. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the pattern of weight gain in the female albino rats and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) but no significant difference in the organ weight index in all selected organs. There were no gross abnormalities or histopathological changes observed among any the groups treated. The results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana can be considered relatively safe on chronic administration to rats and may cause reduction in weight gain in female rats probably due to changes in female hormones. © JASEM |
Ezemonye Lawrence Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse, Isioma Tongo Alex Enuneku Martins Ainerua Levels of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in Smoked and Barbecued Fish within Benin Metropolis. Journal Article pp. 3, 2015. @article{Lawrence2015, title = {Levels of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in Smoked and Barbecued Fish within Benin Metropolis.}, author = {Ezemonye Lawrence,Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse,Isioma Tongo,Alex Enuneku,Martins Ainerua}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Nosakhare-Osazee-Erhunmwunse-Isioma-TongoAlex-EnunekuMartins-Ainerua.-Levels-of-benzoapyrene-Bap-in-smoked-and-barbecused-fish-within-benin-metropolis.-1.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-08}, pages = {3}, abstract = {Smoked fishes such as Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Senegal Jack (Caranx senegalus) and barbecued fishes such as BoboCroaker (Psuedotolitu selongatus), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)sold and consumed in Benin City and obtained in selected markets were screened for the presence BaP. Column chromatography, packed with anhydrous Na2SO4 and silica gel was used for PAH extraction with dichloromethane as the eluting solvent. The identification and concentration of BaP was carried out by liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the aid of 16 standards. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration in smoked Caranx senegalus ranged from 36.23 to 270.48 μg/kg. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean level of BaP in smoked fish samples across the sampled markets. There were no significant difference p>0.05 in the mean BaP for all samples of Scomber scombrus from the sampled markets. The difference in BaP concentration in barbecued fish among the sampled markets was statistically significant (p>0.05). The BaP levels of all smoked and barbecued fish samples (24) examined in this study were found to be higher than the acceptable limit (5μg/kg) specified by the European Commission and FAO/WHO limits (10μg/kg). Key words: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Smoked and Barbecued Fish, Nigeria, Scomber scombrus, Caranx senegalus, Psuedotolitu selongatus, Clarias gariepinus}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Smoked fishes such as Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Senegal Jack (Caranx senegalus) and barbecued fishes such as BoboCroaker (Psuedotolitu selongatus), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)sold and consumed in Benin City and obtained in selected markets were screened for the presence BaP. Column chromatography, packed with anhydrous Na2SO4 and silica gel was used for PAH extraction with dichloromethane as the eluting solvent. The identification and concentration of BaP was carried out by liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the aid of 16 standards. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration in smoked Caranx senegalus ranged from 36.23 to 270.48 μg/kg. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean level of BaP in smoked fish samples across the sampled markets. There were no significant difference p>0.05 in the mean BaP for all samples of Scomber scombrus from the sampled markets. The difference in BaP concentration in barbecued fish among the sampled markets was statistically significant (p>0.05). The BaP levels of all smoked and barbecued fish samples (24) examined in this study were found to be higher than the acceptable limit (5μg/kg) specified by the European Commission and FAO/WHO limits (10μg/kg). Key words: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Smoked and Barbecued Fish, Nigeria, Scomber scombrus, Caranx senegalus, Psuedotolitu selongatus, Clarias gariepinus |
bAlex Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye Doris F. Ogeleka, Emmanuel Ogbomida Isioma Tongo Enuneku Thomas Ikpesu T A O 2015. @article{Ezemonye2015b, title = {Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)}, author = {Lawrence I.N. Ezemonye, Doris F. Ogeleka, Emmanuel T. Ogbomida, Isioma Tongo,bAlex A. Enuneku, Thomas O. Ikpesu,}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/5660-Article-Text-27117-2-10-20161130.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-02}, abstract = {Ecotoxicological effects of industrial chemicals (Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco, Glycol™) and pesticides (Propoxur, Deltamethrin, Atrazine, Furadan) on Tilapia guineensis (fish) and Aporrectodea longa (earthworms) were tested using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) # 203 and 207 protocols. The water and soil ratings indicate that the test chemicals were toxic to the organisms. The estimated 96 hour lethal concentration LC50 values for Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Propoxur, and Deltamethrin were 26.34±0.46, 6.02±0.30, 3.07±0.14, 1.31±0.01, 20.91±0 and 0.01±0 mg/l respectively. In the earthworm bioassay, the estimated 14-day LC50 values for Rigwash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Atrazine and Furadan were 80.05±3.5, 151.55±10.7, 172.63±14.2, 63.72±2.43, 4.97±0 and 0.29±0 mg/kg respectively. Safety factors are arbitrarily built in around the LC50 values in order to arrive at environmentally tolerable concentrations. The concentration of a chemical in the receiving environment should not exceed 10% of the LC50. The organisms exposed to the test chemicals showed significant difference when compared with the levels measured in the control group. The observed sensitivity of the test organisms to the chemicals indicates that adherence to standard safety limits/measures should be maintained during use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This would ensure that the biotic components of the Nigerian Niger Delta ecosystem are prudently protected.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ecotoxicological effects of industrial chemicals (Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco, Glycol™) and pesticides (Propoxur, Deltamethrin, Atrazine, Furadan) on Tilapia guineensis (fish) and Aporrectodea longa (earthworms) were tested using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) # 203 and 207 protocols. The water and soil ratings indicate that the test chemicals were toxic to the organisms. The estimated 96 hour lethal concentration LC50 values for Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Propoxur, and Deltamethrin were 26.34±0.46, 6.02±0.30, 3.07±0.14, 1.31±0.01, 20.91±0 and 0.01±0 mg/l respectively. In the earthworm bioassay, the estimated 14-day LC50 values for Rigwash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Atrazine and Furadan were 80.05±3.5, 151.55±10.7, 172.63±14.2, 63.72±2.43, 4.97±0 and 0.29±0 mg/kg respectively. Safety factors are arbitrarily built in around the LC50 values in order to arrive at environmentally tolerable concentrations. The concentration of a chemical in the receiving environment should not exceed 10% of the LC50. The organisms exposed to the test chemicals showed significant difference when compared with the levels measured in the control group. The observed sensitivity of the test organisms to the chemicals indicates that adherence to standard safety limits/measures should be maintained during use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This would ensure that the biotic components of the Nigerian Niger Delta ecosystem are prudently protected. |
Ighodaro Igbe, Tarimobowei Edike In vivo antinociceptive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) in mice Journal Article Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy, pp. 4, 2015, ISSN: 2449-0458. @article{Igbe2015, title = {In vivo antinociceptive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) in mice}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe,Tarimobowei Edike}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IGHODARO-IGBESILVANUSINNIHSTEPHENVINCENT-OGEDENGBELUCY-AMAMINA....-Chronic-toxicity-studies-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-voacanga-africana-in-wistar-rats-3.pdf}, issn = {2449-0458}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-02}, journal = {Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy}, pages = {4}, abstract = {Purpose: To investigate the analgesic activity and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves and validate it use in folklore medicine. Methods: Crude leaves were extracted by percolation with distilled water. The antinociceptive properties of the extract were determined using the acetic acidinduced writhing and the hot plate test methods in mice. Phytochemical screening was determined using standard methods. Results: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves present were alkaloids, anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Oral administration of the aqueous leaves extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) produced a significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner in acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract (200 and 400mg/kg) significantly (P>0.05) prolonged the reaction latency time of pain in the hot plate test Conclusion: The study showed that the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana appears to possess analgesic activity that appears to be peripherally and centrally mediated, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine. Keywords: Phytochemicals; writhing; latency time; dose dependent.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: To investigate the analgesic activity and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves and validate it use in folklore medicine. Methods: Crude leaves were extracted by percolation with distilled water. The antinociceptive properties of the extract were determined using the acetic acidinduced writhing and the hot plate test methods in mice. Phytochemical screening was determined using standard methods. Results: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves present were alkaloids, anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Oral administration of the aqueous leaves extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) produced a significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner in acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract (200 and 400mg/kg) significantly (P>0.05) prolonged the reaction latency time of pain in the hot plate test Conclusion: The study showed that the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana appears to possess analgesic activity that appears to be peripherally and centrally mediated, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine. Keywords: Phytochemicals; writhing; latency time; dose dependent. |
Ighodaro Igbe, ; Edike, Tarimobowei In vivo antinociceptive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) in mice Journal Article Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 1 , pp. 51-54, 2015, ISSN: 2449-0458. @article{Igbe2015b, title = {In vivo antinociceptive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) in mice}, author = {Ighodaro Igbe, and Tarimobowei Edike}, url = {http://www.jsppharm.org/admin/12389900798187/2015_2_1_11.pdf}, issn = {2449-0458}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-02}, journal = {Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy}, volume = {1}, pages = {51-54}, abstract = {Abstract Purpose: To investigate the analgesic activity and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves and validate it use in folklore medicine. Methods: Crude leaves were extracted by percolation with distilled water. The antinociceptive properties of the extract were determined using the acetic acidinduced writhing and the hot plate test methods in mice. Phytochemical screening was determined using standard methods. Results: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves present were alkaloids, anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Oral administration of the aqueous leaves extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) produced a significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner in acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract (200 and 400mg/kg) significantly (P>0.05) prolonged the reaction latency time of pain in the hot plate test Conclusion: The study showed that the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana appears to possess analgesic activity that appears to be peripherally and centrally mediated, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine. Keywords: Phytochemicals; writhing; latency time; dose dependent.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Purpose: To investigate the analgesic activity and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves and validate it use in folklore medicine. Methods: Crude leaves were extracted by percolation with distilled water. The antinociceptive properties of the extract were determined using the acetic acidinduced writhing and the hot plate test methods in mice. Phytochemical screening was determined using standard methods. Results: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana leaves present were alkaloids, anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Oral administration of the aqueous leaves extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) produced a significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner in acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract (200 and 400mg/kg) significantly (P>0.05) prolonged the reaction latency time of pain in the hot plate test Conclusion: The study showed that the aqueous extract of Voacanga africana appears to possess analgesic activity that appears to be peripherally and centrally mediated, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine. Keywords: Phytochemicals; writhing; latency time; dose dependent. |
Usifoh, Stella F; Udezi, Waka A COST EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIGLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS Journal Article 2015. @article{Usifoh2015, title = {COST EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIGLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS}, author = {Stella F. Usifoh and Waka A. Udezi}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Stella-F.-Usifoh-and-Waka-A.-Udezi-COST-EFFECTIVENESS-OF-ANTIGLAUCOMA-MEDICATIONS.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-10-20}, abstract = {Glaucoma is the second-leading cause of acquired blindness, and the question of how to appropriately diagnose, treat, and manage the disease is of vital importance not only in maintaining patients' quality of life, but also in stemming the increasing burden on society imposed by the disease. With recent technological innovations, increasing attention has been focused on maintaining and increasing therapeutic standards, and there has been an increasingly pressing need in recent years for glaucoma treatment guidelines in order to improve the quality of therapy. In addition, it is necessary to reduce health care expenses by efficiently utilizing resources from the standpoint of globalization of health care and medical economics. Nigeria Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG), have no recommendation for the treatment and management of glaucoma.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Glaucoma is the second-leading cause of acquired blindness, and the question of how to appropriately diagnose, treat, and manage the disease is of vital importance not only in maintaining patients' quality of life, but also in stemming the increasing burden on society imposed by the disease. With recent technological innovations, increasing attention has been focused on maintaining and increasing therapeutic standards, and there has been an increasingly pressing need in recent years for glaucoma treatment guidelines in order to improve the quality of therapy. In addition, it is necessary to reduce health care expenses by efficiently utilizing resources from the standpoint of globalization of health care and medical economics. Nigeria Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG), have no recommendation for the treatment and management of glaucoma. |
David Allenotor, Ruppa Thulasiram K A Discrete Time Financial Option Pricing Model for Cloud Services Journal Article 2015. @article{Allenotor2015, title = {A Discrete Time Financial Option Pricing Model for Cloud Services}, author = {David Allenotor, Ruppa K. Thulasiram}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7307016}, doi = {10.1109/UIC-ATC-ScalCom.2014.53}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-10-06}, abstract = {Abstract: Option pricing is one of the most challenging problems in computational finance and derivative modeling. As a result, one has to resort to computational approaches since it is difficult to obtain closed form solution for options other than simple options such as European style options. Also, due to the complex nature of the governing mathematics, several numerical approaches have been proposed in the past to price American style options as well as complex options. In the current study, we apply trinomial lattice which has been used in many scientific and engineering applications to model option pricing for assets with high volatility. The three novelties of this paper include, the formulation of cloud asset price using stochastic process, the improvement of the American style option pricing algorithm by integrating our option pricing factor (pf) into the algorithm, and the presentation of the computed option values for various strike price. With carefully select strike-price spacing, we guarantee a fine-grain integration of pf into the trinomial lattice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: Option pricing is one of the most challenging problems in computational finance and derivative modeling. As a result, one has to resort to computational approaches since it is difficult to obtain closed form solution for options other than simple options such as European style options. Also, due to the complex nature of the governing mathematics, several numerical approaches have been proposed in the past to price American style options as well as complex options. In the current study, we apply trinomial lattice which has been used in many scientific and engineering applications to model option pricing for assets with high volatility. The three novelties of this paper include, the formulation of cloud asset price using stochastic process, the improvement of the American style option pricing algorithm by integrating our option pricing factor (pf) into the algorithm, and the presentation of the computed option values for various strike price. With carefully select strike-price spacing, we guarantee a fine-grain integration of pf into the trinomial lattice. |
Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Isioma Tongo, Lawrence Ezemonye Risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in water, sediment, and fish from Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria Journal Article 187 (10), 2015, ISSN: 0167-6369. @article{Ogbeide2015, title = {Risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in water, sediment, and fish from Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria}, author = {Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Isioma Tongo, Lawrence Ezemonye}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282330834_Risk_assessment_of_agricultural_pesticides_in_water_sediment_and_fish_from_Owan_River_Edo_State_Nigeria}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-015-4840-8}, issn = {0167-6369}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-09-30}, volume = {187}, number = {10}, abstract = {The distribution of pesticides in water, sediments, Clarias gariepinus, and Tilapia zilli from the Owan River was investigated to evaluate the pollution status and potential hazard in the river system. A total of 16 pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from ND to 0.43 μg/l for water samples, 0.82 to 2.14 μg/kg/dw for sediment, 0.04 to 2.34 μg/kg/ww for C. gariepinus, and 0.02 to 1.73 μg/kg/ww for T. zilli. High concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, specifically benzenehexachloride (α-BHC, γ-BHC, and β-BHC) observed in all environmental media, are an indication of the current illegal use of banned pesticides for agricultural activities in the region. Analysis of data showed a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.7) between total organic carbon (TOC) and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Meanwhile, risk quotient estimates for heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4′-DDT), endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan aldehyde, and phosphomethylglycine showed potential risk to aquatic organism under observed mean concentrations (risk quotient (RQ) ≥ 1). Estimated average daily intake (EADI) for organochlorine pesticides (γ-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) was above their respective acceptable average daily intake (ADI), while hazard quotient for each of these pesticides was above the unity value (1). This indicates that there is a potential cancer risk for the local residents with life time consumption of pesticide-contaminated fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The distribution of pesticides in water, sediments, Clarias gariepinus, and Tilapia zilli from the Owan River was investigated to evaluate the pollution status and potential hazard in the river system. A total of 16 pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from ND to 0.43 μg/l for water samples, 0.82 to 2.14 μg/kg/dw for sediment, 0.04 to 2.34 μg/kg/ww for C. gariepinus, and 0.02 to 1.73 μg/kg/ww for T. zilli. High concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, specifically benzenehexachloride (α-BHC, γ-BHC, and β-BHC) observed in all environmental media, are an indication of the current illegal use of banned pesticides for agricultural activities in the region. Analysis of data showed a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.7) between total organic carbon (TOC) and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Meanwhile, risk quotient estimates for heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4′-DDT), endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan aldehyde, and phosphomethylglycine showed potential risk to aquatic organism under observed mean concentrations (risk quotient (RQ) ≥ 1). Estimated average daily intake (EADI) for organochlorine pesticides (γ-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) was above their respective acceptable average daily intake (ADI), while hazard quotient for each of these pesticides was above the unity value (1). This indicates that there is a potential cancer risk for the local residents with life time consumption of pesticide-contaminated fish. |
Matthew Ikhuoria Arhewoh1 Omonkhelin Josephine Owolabi2, Sylvester Okhuelegbe Eraga1 Ovbokhan Henry Iyamu1 Osarugue Uyi1 ; Okhamafe1, Augustine O Formulation of Powder Dosage Form of Insulin for Intranasal Delivery Journal Article 2015, ISSN: 2231-2919. @article{Arhewoh12015, title = {Formulation of Powder Dosage Form of Insulin for Intranasal Delivery}, author = {Matthew Ikhuoria Arhewoh1, Omonkhelin Josephine Owolabi2, Sylvester Okhuelegbe Eraga1, Ovbokhan Henry Iyamu1, Osarugue Uyi1 and Augustine O. Okhamafe1}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Matthew-Ikhuoria-Arhewoh-Omonkhelin-Josephine-Owolabi-Phytochemical-Analysis-and-Hypoglycaemic-Activity-of-the-Methanol-Stem-Bark-Extract-of-Tabernaemontana-pachysiphon-Stapf-Apocynaceae.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/BJPR/2015/20574}, issn = {2231-2919}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-09-12}, abstract = {Abstract Formulations E and H containing 0.1% Tween 80 and either guar gum or mucin gave the highest drug release of 85% each in 15 min and were selected for the in vivo studies. In vivo results obtained after 30 and 60 min of intranasal administration showed a reduction of 30 and 15% in blood glucose level for formulation E and 40 and 30% for formulation H as against the subcutaneously administered insulin (control) with 51 and 46% reduction respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the formulations with regard to their glucose-lowering effect. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the insulin powder dosage form prepared with MCC for intranasal delivery achieved a moderate reduction in blood glucose level in rats via the intranasal route, indicating the formulations can be further developed to achieve enhanced insulin administration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Formulations E and H containing 0.1% Tween 80 and either guar gum or mucin gave the highest drug release of 85% each in 15 min and were selected for the in vivo studies. In vivo results obtained after 30 and 60 min of intranasal administration showed a reduction of 30 and 15% in blood glucose level for formulation E and 40 and 30% for formulation H as against the subcutaneously administered insulin (control) with 51 and 46% reduction respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the formulations with regard to their glucose-lowering effect. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the insulin powder dosage form prepared with MCC for intranasal delivery achieved a moderate reduction in blood glucose level in rats via the intranasal route, indicating the formulations can be further developed to achieve enhanced insulin administration. |
Osarugue Uyi Matthew Ikhuoria Arhewoh, Omonkhelin Josephine Owolabi Sylvester Okhuelegbe Eraga Ovbokhan Henry Iyamu ; Okhamafe, Augustine O Formulation of Powder Dosage Form of Insulin for Intranasal Delivery Journal Article 2015. @article{Uyi2015c, title = {Formulation of Powder Dosage Form of Insulin for Intranasal Delivery}, author = {Osarugue Uyi, Matthew Ikhuoria Arhewoh, Omonkhelin Josephine Owolabi, Sylvester Okhuelegbe Eraga, Ovbokhan Henry Iyamu, and Augustine O. Okhamafe}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Matthew_Arhewoh/publication/281970332_Formulation_of_Powder_Dosage_Form_of_Insulin_for_Intranasal_Delivery/links/56000bb908aeba1d9f84867f.pdf}, doi = {10.9734/BJPR/2015/20574 }, year = {2015}, date = {2015-09-12}, abstract = {Abstract Aims: To develop a powder dosage form of insulin for intranasal administration and investigate its glucose-lowering effect in albino rabbits. Methods: Nine different powder formulations, each containing 500 mg powder equivalent to 50 IU of insulin were prepared by adsorbing soluble insulin solution mixed with varying amounts of polysorbate 80, guar gum and porcine mucin on to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder by solvent evaporation. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies, from which two optimized formulations (E and H) were further evaluated in vivo for their glucose lowering effect in albino rabbits via the intranasal route. Results: All the formulations released > 90% of insulin within 30 min in the in vitro release studies. Formulations E and H containing 0.1% Tween 80 and either guar gum or mucin gave the highest drug release of 85% each in 15 min and were selected for the in vivo studies. In vivo results obtained after 30 and 60 min of intranasal administration showed a reduction of 30 and 15% in blood glucose level for formulation E and 40 and 30% for formulation H as against the subcutaneously administered insulin (control) with 51 and 46% reduction respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the formulations with regard to their glucose-lowering effect. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the insulin powder dosage form prepared with MCC for intranasal delivery achieved a moderate reduction in blood glucose level in rats via the intranasal route, indicating the formulations can be further developed to achieve enhanced insulin administration. Keywords: Insulin; intranasal; powder; glucose lowering; tween 80; microcrystalline cellulose}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Aims: To develop a powder dosage form of insulin for intranasal administration and investigate its glucose-lowering effect in albino rabbits. Methods: Nine different powder formulations, each containing 500 mg powder equivalent to 50 IU of insulin were prepared by adsorbing soluble insulin solution mixed with varying amounts of polysorbate 80, guar gum and porcine mucin on to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder by solvent evaporation. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies, from which two optimized formulations (E and H) were further evaluated in vivo for their glucose lowering effect in albino rabbits via the intranasal route. Results: All the formulations released > 90% of insulin within 30 min in the in vitro release studies. Formulations E and H containing 0.1% Tween 80 and either guar gum or mucin gave the highest drug release of 85% each in 15 min and were selected for the in vivo studies. In vivo results obtained after 30 and 60 min of intranasal administration showed a reduction of 30 and 15% in blood glucose level for formulation E and 40 and 30% for formulation H as against the subcutaneously administered insulin (control) with 51 and 46% reduction respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and the formulations with regard to their glucose-lowering effect. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the insulin powder dosage form prepared with MCC for intranasal delivery achieved a moderate reduction in blood glucose level in rats via the intranasal route, indicating the formulations can be further developed to achieve enhanced insulin administration. Keywords: Insulin; intranasal; powder; glucose lowering; tween 80; microcrystalline cellulose |
Idehen Roosevelt O, Osaghae Felix S O Xenophobia in South Africa: Re-thinking the Nigeria foreign policy of Afrocentrism Journal Article An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 9 (4), 2015, ISSN: 2070-0083. @article{Idehen2015, title = {Xenophobia in South Africa: Re-thinking the Nigeria foreign policy of Afrocentrism}, author = {Idehen, Roosevelt O,Osaghae, Felix S. O.}, url = {file:///C:/Users/USER/Pictures/124625-340063-1-SM.pdf}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v9i4.7 }, issn = { 2070-0083}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-09-07}, journal = {An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, abstract = {The pervasive nature of xenophobia in South Africa interrogate the ethos of Africa Renaissance and provides alibi to the dysfunctional character of the Africa project. This paper interrogate the essence of Nigeria foreign policy of Afrocentrism against the backdrop of xenophobic manifestation in South Africa, it attempted to deconstruct the axiom that limit the anomie to street urchins by providing evidences for institutional implications. It created a platform of discourse of xenophobia in relation to enabling international law. This work concludes that the continuous outburst of negative collective ideas, social stereotypes and prejudices especially to black immigrant is a share display of majority insecurity defined by the defensive internal identity, which is constructed on strong ethnic or national basis. The work therefore, recommends a reevaluation of Nigeria foreign policy to pursue strict national interest while tending to domestic challenges. Key Words: Xenophobia, Afrocentrism, foreign policy, violence, foreigners, discrimination. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pervasive nature of xenophobia in South Africa interrogate the ethos of Africa Renaissance and provides alibi to the dysfunctional character of the Africa project. This paper interrogate the essence of Nigeria foreign policy of Afrocentrism against the backdrop of xenophobic manifestation in South Africa, it attempted to deconstruct the axiom that limit the anomie to street urchins by providing evidences for institutional implications. It created a platform of discourse of xenophobia in relation to enabling international law. This work concludes that the continuous outburst of negative collective ideas, social stereotypes and prejudices especially to black immigrant is a share display of majority insecurity defined by the defensive internal identity, which is constructed on strong ethnic or national basis. The work therefore, recommends a reevaluation of Nigeria foreign policy to pursue strict national interest while tending to domestic challenges. Key Words: Xenophobia, Afrocentrism, foreign policy, violence, foreigners, discrimination. |
Ezemonye Lawrence Ikechukwu Martins Ainerua, Isioma Tongo Assessment of chemical additives and heavy metals in selected canned food in Nigeria: Levels and human health implication. Journal Article 2015, ISBN: 978-0-620-66117-7. @article{Ikechukwu2015, title = {Assessment of chemical additives and heavy metals in selected canned food in Nigeria: Levels and human health implication.}, author = {Ezemonye Lawrence Ikechukwu , Martins Ainerua, Isioma Tongo}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7th_International_Toxicology_Symposium_in_Africa-1.pdf}, isbn = {978-0-620-66117-7}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-24}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Aiwaguore Johnbull OBARISIAGBON Oladejo Peter OGUNLOWO, Faith AGAMAH COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE BRANDS OF AMOXICILLIN CAPSULES Journal Article 2015. @article{OBARISIAGBON2015, title = {COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE BRANDS OF AMOXICILLIN CAPSULES}, author = {Aiwaguore Johnbull OBARISIAGBON, Oladejo Peter OGUNLOWO, Faith AGAMAH}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Aiwaguore-Johnbull-OBARISIAGBON-Oladejo-Peter-OGUNLOWO-Faith-AGAMAH-COMPERATIVE-STUDY-OF-THE-PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS-OF-SOME-COMMERCIALLY.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-24}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the quality of 10 brands of Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500mg capsules. Study Design: Experimental Place and Duration of Study: Experimental drugs were purchased from pharmacy in Okada and Benin and experimental work was carried out in Pharmaceutical Technology laboratory, Igbinedion University Okada Methodology: A specific quality control method was developed for the determination and comparative study of the capsules and the quality was assessed through evaluation of organoleptic properties, uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution using the spectrophotometric method, moisture uptake as well as comparing analytical method (titration) and HPLC method for the determination of content uniformity. All the brands have suitable appearance. Results: 7 brands passed the weight variation test, 9 brands passed the content uniformity test with HPLC method being faster and accurate, all the brands passed the disintegration test, 6 brands passed the dissolution test and for moisture uptake, 2 brands had a rapid increase in weight. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be said that the majority of the commercially available brands of amoxicillin trihydrate are up to pharmaceutical standard of quality and are safe for use by consumers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the quality of 10 brands of Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500mg capsules. Study Design: Experimental Place and Duration of Study: Experimental drugs were purchased from pharmacy in Okada and Benin and experimental work was carried out in Pharmaceutical Technology laboratory, Igbinedion University Okada Methodology: A specific quality control method was developed for the determination and comparative study of the capsules and the quality was assessed through evaluation of organoleptic properties, uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution using the spectrophotometric method, moisture uptake as well as comparing analytical method (titration) and HPLC method for the determination of content uniformity. All the brands have suitable appearance. Results: 7 brands passed the weight variation test, 9 brands passed the content uniformity test with HPLC method being faster and accurate, all the brands passed the disintegration test, 6 brands passed the dissolution test and for moisture uptake, 2 brands had a rapid increase in weight. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be said that the majority of the commercially available brands of amoxicillin trihydrate are up to pharmaceutical standard of quality and are safe for use by consumers. |
JOSIAH Mary OZELE, Edojor Clement AGBO Innocent Sunny. ENTREPRENEURSHIP MOTIVATION AN ASSESSMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN RIVER STATE,NIGERIA Journal Article Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting , 2 , pp. 376, 2015. @article{Mary2015, title = {ENTREPRENEURSHIP MOTIVATION AN ASSESSMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN RIVER STATE,NIGERIA}, author = {JOSIAH Mary,OZELE, Edojor Clement, AGBO, Innocent Sunny.}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/JOSIAH-MaryOZELE-Edojor-Clement-AGBO-Innocent-Sunny.ENTREPRENEURSHIP-MOTIVATION-AN-ASSESSMENT-OF-SMALL-AND-MEDIUM-ENTERPRISES-IN-RIVER-STATENIGERIA.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-01}, journal = {Igbinedion University Journal of Accounting }, volume = {2}, pages = {376}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The paper discussed effect or impact of Entrepreneurships in Rivers State, Nigeria. The success of generating income for majority of rural and urban dwellers with no formal paid employment highly depends on Entrepreneurship. They are the backbone of economic development all over the world and play important role for employment, income and societal changes, particularly in transition economies like Nigeria. This paper is concerned with the nature and the extent to which entrepreneurship in Rivers State has been so far on the issue on mortality rate, challenges, motivations and opportunity available for an entrepreneurship in Rivers State. The study revealed that such initiatives by government failed abysmally due to over bearing bureaucracies, corruption, inadequate and inefficient infrastructural facilities and maladministration. The paper concludes that entrepreneurship miracle in other country is an engine for job creation; innovation and diversity and Rivers State’s entrepreneurs have a long way to go before they can effectively drive changes in the economy and recommends that Government (policy makers) should genuinely recognize the essence of entrepreneurship to economic development by providing the enabling environment for private sector-led investment for economic development and also provide adequate infra-structural facilities. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT The paper discussed effect or impact of Entrepreneurships in Rivers State, Nigeria. The success of generating income for majority of rural and urban dwellers with no formal paid employment highly depends on Entrepreneurship. They are the backbone of economic development all over the world and play important role for employment, income and societal changes, particularly in transition economies like Nigeria. This paper is concerned with the nature and the extent to which entrepreneurship in Rivers State has been so far on the issue on mortality rate, challenges, motivations and opportunity available for an entrepreneurship in Rivers State. The study revealed that such initiatives by government failed abysmally due to over bearing bureaucracies, corruption, inadequate and inefficient infrastructural facilities and maladministration. The paper concludes that entrepreneurship miracle in other country is an engine for job creation; innovation and diversity and Rivers State’s entrepreneurs have a long way to go before they can effectively drive changes in the economy and recommends that Government (policy makers) should genuinely recognize the essence of entrepreneurship to economic development by providing the enabling environment for private sector-led investment for economic development and also provide adequate infra-structural facilities. |
Izilein Fred Onyegbadue Ikenna, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin Belgore. Talatu A A simulation-of-statcom-for-voltage-improvement-in-an-electric-power-network Journal Article International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) , 4 , pp. 158, 2015, ISBN: 2278-0181. @article{Fred2015, title = {A simulation-of-statcom-for-voltage-improvement-in-an-electric-power-network}, author = {Izilein Fred ,Onyegbadue Ikenna, Ugada Chukwuemeka Martin, Belgore. A. Talatu }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Izilein-Fred-Onyegbadue-Ikenna-Ugada-Chukwuemeka-Martin-Belgore.-A.-Talatu-A-simulation-of-statcom-for-voltage-improvement-in-an-electric-power-network-IJERTV4IS070014.pdf}, isbn = {2278-0181}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-05}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) }, volume = {4}, pages = {158}, abstract = {Abstract - This research work illustrates the importance of STATCOM for Voltage improvement and stability in a power transmission network. A three bus network was first tested to observe the response of a transmission line when STATCOM was introduced to the network. The Nigerian 330kV line network was used as a case study to show the importance of STATCOM for voltage improvement. Firstly, two techniques (Newton Raphson’s and Fast decoupled) were used to carry out a load flow study of the network .This was done to obtain the buses with low voltage magnitude. STATCOM installation was then simulated on the buses with low voltage magnitude. It was observed after keen analysis that installation of STATCOM on bus 16 produced an optimal result. The other buses in which STATCOM was installed also showed some level of improvement in the voltage magnitude of some buses. STATCOM is a shunt FACTS device used to inject VAr into the network.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract - This research work illustrates the importance of STATCOM for Voltage improvement and stability in a power transmission network. A three bus network was first tested to observe the response of a transmission line when STATCOM was introduced to the network. The Nigerian 330kV line network was used as a case study to show the importance of STATCOM for voltage improvement. Firstly, two techniques (Newton Raphson’s and Fast decoupled) were used to carry out a load flow study of the network .This was done to obtain the buses with low voltage magnitude. STATCOM installation was then simulated on the buses with low voltage magnitude. It was observed after keen analysis that installation of STATCOM on bus 16 produced an optimal result. The other buses in which STATCOM was installed also showed some level of improvement in the voltage magnitude of some buses. STATCOM is a shunt FACTS device used to inject VAr into the network. |
Odoemelam, Anyadike; Olemadi & D C C LOCAL DIALECT RADIO PROGRAMMES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION: The Case of Nsukka Alua, a Radio Nigeria Enugu Programme. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Journal Article Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 6 (N0. 4), 2015, ISSN: 2039-2117. @article{Odoemelam2015, title = {LOCAL DIALECT RADIO PROGRAMMES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION: The Case of Nsukka Alua, a Radio Nigeria Enugu Programme. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences}, author = {D. Anyadike; C. Olemadi & C. Odoemelam}, issn = {2039-2117}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences}, volume = {Vol. 6}, number = {N0. 4}, abstract = {The present study focuses on the contribution of the ‘Nsukka Alua’ local dialect radio programmes to the social integration and rural development of the Nsukka people of Enugu State, Nigeria.. A combination of ethnographic qualitative research design was used. For the field study, the interview and focused group techniques were adopted to collect the data. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 5 communities for the study. Data were gathered on the role of Nsukka Alua as an integrative tool, for the promotion of Nsukka traditional culture and the communication of development information that will mobilize the people for development. The study established that Nsukka Alua radio Nigeria programme, has improve awareness and knowledge of solutions to community development problems ranging from social integration, rural development, education, agriculture to local governance. Since the study showed a positive role of the indigenous radio programme, Nsukka Alua in rural development and social integration among the Nsukka people, future intervention policies for development should package more radio programmes in local language of target group. These will enhance listenership, interest and positive change of desired development and integrative behavior}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study focuses on the contribution of the ‘Nsukka Alua’ local dialect radio programmes to the social integration and rural development of the Nsukka people of Enugu State, Nigeria.. A combination of ethnographic qualitative research design was used. For the field study, the interview and focused group techniques were adopted to collect the data. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 5 communities for the study. Data were gathered on the role of Nsukka Alua as an integrative tool, for the promotion of Nsukka traditional culture and the communication of development information that will mobilize the people for development. The study established that Nsukka Alua radio Nigeria programme, has improve awareness and knowledge of solutions to community development problems ranging from social integration, rural development, education, agriculture to local governance. Since the study showed a positive role of the indigenous radio programme, Nsukka Alua in rural development and social integration among the Nsukka people, future intervention policies for development should package more radio programmes in local language of target group. These will enhance listenership, interest and positive change of desired development and integrative behavior |
Ebeze, Chinedu Odoemelam & Victor C U PATTERNS OF EXPOSURE TO COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS ON OBSTETRIC FISTULA AMONG MEN IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA. Journal Article New Media and Mass Communication Journal, Volume 33 , pp. 49 - 60, 2015, ISSN: 2224-3275. @article{Chris2015b, title = {PATTERNS OF EXPOSURE TO COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS ON OBSTETRIC FISTULA AMONG MEN IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA.}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam & Victor U. Ebeze }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Pattern-of-Exposure-Information.pdf}, issn = {2224-3275}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-01}, journal = {New Media and Mass Communication Journal}, volume = {Volume 33}, pages = {49 - 60}, abstract = {Male involvement in maternal health issues continues to draw the attention of all stakeholders in Nigeria. Obstetric vesico vagina fistula is a maternal health outcome in developing countries like Nigeria, where social and economic factors combine to perpetuate the situation. Communication interventions in obstetric fistula remain core eradication agenda strategy and exposure to intervention messages among men, may facilitate increased men’s involvement in eradication initiatives. While there are empirical evidences showing women’s obstetric fistula communication intervention exposure patterns, men’s perspectives in this regard, is largely unknown. As a result, the study assessed patterns of exposure to obstetric fistula communication interventions among men in Ebonyi State, south-east, Nigeria. From a population of 1,064,156 as estimated by National Bureau of Statistics, a randomized total sample of 480 respondents was studied in a structured questionnaire survey with the aid of the Cochran sampling technique. Pearson’s r correlation coefficient of 0.75 confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire instrument. Data were analyzed in simple percentages and mean values with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Findings showed that: (i) majority (n= 361, 80.4%; N= 449) of the respondents were exposed to intervention messages, (ii) radio remained the highest medium (n= 94, 26%, x̄= 9.0) of exposure among respondents, (iii) audio related formats (songs) were the major genre (n= 77, 21.3%, x̄= 14.2) in which exposure occurred. These outcomes suggest a strong role for mass media communication interventions in support of investments in obstetric vesico vaginal fistula campaign for men’s involvement in the eradication of obstetric fistula in Ebonyi State. Among others, recommendations include the need for Advertisers and health care practitioners to find better ways of improving song related advert messages/campaigns so as to improve men’s participation in the prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Male involvement in maternal health issues continues to draw the attention of all stakeholders in Nigeria. Obstetric vesico vagina fistula is a maternal health outcome in developing countries like Nigeria, where social and economic factors combine to perpetuate the situation. Communication interventions in obstetric fistula remain core eradication agenda strategy and exposure to intervention messages among men, may facilitate increased men’s involvement in eradication initiatives. While there are empirical evidences showing women’s obstetric fistula communication intervention exposure patterns, men’s perspectives in this regard, is largely unknown. As a result, the study assessed patterns of exposure to obstetric fistula communication interventions among men in Ebonyi State, south-east, Nigeria. From a population of 1,064,156 as estimated by National Bureau of Statistics, a randomized total sample of 480 respondents was studied in a structured questionnaire survey with the aid of the Cochran sampling technique. Pearson’s r correlation coefficient of 0.75 confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire instrument. Data were analyzed in simple percentages and mean values with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Findings showed that: (i) majority (n= 361, 80.4%; N= 449) of the respondents were exposed to intervention messages, (ii) radio remained the highest medium (n= 94, 26%, x̄= 9.0) of exposure among respondents, (iii) audio related formats (songs) were the major genre (n= 77, 21.3%, x̄= 14.2) in which exposure occurred. These outcomes suggest a strong role for mass media communication interventions in support of investments in obstetric vesico vaginal fistula campaign for men’s involvement in the eradication of obstetric fistula in Ebonyi State. Among others, recommendations include the need for Advertisers and health care practitioners to find better ways of improving song related advert messages/campaigns so as to improve men’s participation in the prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula. |
et al, Chinedu Odoemelam C AFRICAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND THE PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS CULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CULTURAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Journal Article Journal of Interdiscipliniary Academic Essays, Volume 7 , pp. 201 - 212, 2015, ISSN: 2360-7718. @article{Chris2015c, title = {AFRICAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND THE PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS CULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CULTURAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam et al}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/African-communication-systems-and-the-preservation-of-indigenous-culture.pdf}, issn = {2360-7718}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-01}, journal = {Journal of Interdiscipliniary Academic Essays}, volume = {Volume 7}, pages = {201 - 212}, abstract = {In this study, we examine the diversity of African communication systems and provide newer perspectives on their role in the preservation of African culture in the past 50 years. This is against two backdrops: the Western notion that Africa had no communication system prior colonization and the factor of cultural erosion as a result of modern mass media of communication. The paper adopts the dialectical research method and the Afro-centric theory of communication and argues that African communication system had in-built cultural preservative potentials despite the challenges faced in the adverse eras of, slave trade, scramble and partitioning of Africa, colonialism, neo-colonialism, imperialism and contemporarily, globalization. The paper observes that the above situations brought great challenges to the transmission of Africa culture and the aspirations for cultural sustainability and development-a situation which was exacerbated and is still perpetuated by the imperialistic western organs of mass communication. The above, underscores the need for communication policy makers to encourage and stimulate scholarship in African communication systems, especially, since communication peculiar to Africans has direct relationship with her peculiar development aspirations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, we examine the diversity of African communication systems and provide newer perspectives on their role in the preservation of African culture in the past 50 years. This is against two backdrops: the Western notion that Africa had no communication system prior colonization and the factor of cultural erosion as a result of modern mass media of communication. The paper adopts the dialectical research method and the Afro-centric theory of communication and argues that African communication system had in-built cultural preservative potentials despite the challenges faced in the adverse eras of, slave trade, scramble and partitioning of Africa, colonialism, neo-colonialism, imperialism and contemporarily, globalization. The paper observes that the above situations brought great challenges to the transmission of Africa culture and the aspirations for cultural sustainability and development-a situation which was exacerbated and is still perpetuated by the imperialistic western organs of mass communication. The above, underscores the need for communication policy makers to encourage and stimulate scholarship in African communication systems, especially, since communication peculiar to Africans has direct relationship with her peculiar development aspirations. |
Tonye Grace Okorie Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu, Matthias Ikenna Agba Omose Josephine Ofeimun Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the anti-MRSA fractions of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. leaves Journal Article International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences |, 4 , pp. 7, 2015. @article{Okorie2015b, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the anti-MRSA fractions of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. leaves}, author = { Tonye Grace Okorie,Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu,, Matthias Ikenna Agba,Omose Josephine Ofeimun}, url = {http://www.ijpcs.net/sites/default/files/10.5530ijpcs.4.2.2.pdf}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.4.2.2}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-15}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences |}, volume = {4}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus characterized by its multi-drug resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, etc. Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob is a potential and promising plant that should be explored for the management of diseases caused by MRSA because its fractions have anti-MRSA activities. Objective: The aim To screen and identify the chemical constituents of the anti-MRSA fractions of C. odorata leaves. Materials and Methods: Seven isolates of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and a control strain S. aureus NCIBB 8588 were used for this study. Fresh leaves of C. odorata were collected from Igbinedion University, Okada environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The fractions obtained were analyzed with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer to identify their chemical constituents. Results: A total of eight fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F7, F8, F9) obtained from the leaves of C. odorata were analyzed for their chemical constituents. They contain essential oils which were: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, σ-elemene, terpineol, camphene, cymene, linalool, terpinolene and α-phallandrene. Free fatty acids were also identified: namely, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), decanoic acid (capric acid) and octanoic acid (caprylic acid). Constituents common in fractions F2 and F3 with the highest anti-MRSA activities were: α-pinene, camphene, octanoic acid and decanoic acid. Conclusion: C. odorata is a promising anti-MRSA agent that can be explored for the synthesis of novel drugs for use in the treatment of MRSA infections. Key words: Chromolaena odorata, Free fatty acids, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Methicillin-resistant, Monoterpenes, Staphylococcus aureus}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus characterized by its multi-drug resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, etc. Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob is a potential and promising plant that should be explored for the management of diseases caused by MRSA because its fractions have anti-MRSA activities. Objective: The aim To screen and identify the chemical constituents of the anti-MRSA fractions of C. odorata leaves. Materials and Methods: Seven isolates of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and a control strain S. aureus NCIBB 8588 were used for this study. Fresh leaves of C. odorata were collected from Igbinedion University, Okada environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The fractions obtained were analyzed with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer to identify their chemical constituents. Results: A total of eight fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F7, F8, F9) obtained from the leaves of C. odorata were analyzed for their chemical constituents. They contain essential oils which were: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, σ-elemene, terpineol, camphene, cymene, linalool, terpinolene and α-phallandrene. Free fatty acids were also identified: namely, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), decanoic acid (capric acid) and octanoic acid (caprylic acid). Constituents common in fractions F2 and F3 with the highest anti-MRSA activities were: α-pinene, camphene, octanoic acid and decanoic acid. Conclusion: C. odorata is a promising anti-MRSA agent that can be explored for the synthesis of novel drugs for use in the treatment of MRSA infections. Key words: Chromolaena odorata, Free fatty acids, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Methicillin-resistant, Monoterpenes, Staphylococcus aureus |
Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu Tonye Grace Okorie, Matthias Ikenna Agba Omose Josephine Ofeimun Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the anti-MRSA fractions of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. leaves Journal Article International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 4 , pp. 7, 2015. @article{Okwu2015b, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the anti-MRSA fractions of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. leaves}, author = {Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu, Tonye Grace Okorie, Matthias Ikenna Agba,, Omose Josephine Ofeimun}, url = {http://www.ijpcs.net/sites/default/files/10.5530ijpcs.4.2.2.pdf}, doi = { 10.5530/ijpcs.4.2.2}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-14}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {4}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus characterized by its multi-drug resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, etc. Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob is a potential and promising plant that should be explored for the management of diseases caused by MRSA because its fractions have anti-MRSA activities. Objective: The aim To screen and identify the chemical constituents of the anti-MRSA fractions of C. odorata leaves. Materials and Methods: Seven isolates of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and a control strain S. aureus NCIBB 8588 were used for this study. Fresh leaves of C. odorata were collected from Igbinedion University, Okada environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The fractions obtained were analyzed with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer to identify their chemical constituents. Results: A total of eight fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F7, F8, F9) obtained from the leaves of C. odorata were analyzed for their chemical constituents. They contain essential oils which were: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, σ-elemene, terpineol, camphene, cymene, linalool, terpinolene and α-phallandrene. Free fatty acids were also identified: namely, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), decanoic acid (capric acid) and octanoic acid (caprylic acid). Constituents common in fractions F2 and F3 with the highest anti-MRSA activities were: α-pinene, camphene, octanoic acid and decanoic acid. Conclusion: C. odorata is a promising anti-MRSA agent that can be explored for the synthesis of novel drugs for use in the treatment of MRSA infections. Key words: Chromolaena odorata, Free fatty acids, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Methicillin-resistant, Monoterpenes, Staphylococcus aureus}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus characterized by its multi-drug resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, etc. Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob is a potential and promising plant that should be explored for the management of diseases caused by MRSA because its fractions have anti-MRSA activities. Objective: The aim To screen and identify the chemical constituents of the anti-MRSA fractions of C. odorata leaves. Materials and Methods: Seven isolates of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and a control strain S. aureus NCIBB 8588 were used for this study. Fresh leaves of C. odorata were collected from Igbinedion University, Okada environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The fractions obtained were analyzed with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer to identify their chemical constituents. Results: A total of eight fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F7, F8, F9) obtained from the leaves of C. odorata were analyzed for their chemical constituents. They contain essential oils which were: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, σ-elemene, terpineol, camphene, cymene, linalool, terpinolene and α-phallandrene. Free fatty acids were also identified: namely, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), decanoic acid (capric acid) and octanoic acid (caprylic acid). Constituents common in fractions F2 and F3 with the highest anti-MRSA activities were: α-pinene, camphene, octanoic acid and decanoic acid. Conclusion: C. odorata is a promising anti-MRSA agent that can be explored for the synthesis of novel drugs for use in the treatment of MRSA infections. Key words: Chromolaena odorata, Free fatty acids, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Methicillin-resistant, Monoterpenes, Staphylococcus aureus |
Ojeaga, Paul; Odejimi, Deborah ELECTORAL VIOLENCE AND NIGERIA ECONOMIC PROSPECTS: A GLIMPSE OF 2015 ELECTIONS Journal Article University Library of Munich, Germany MPRA Paper, 71045 , 2015. @article{Odejimi2015d, title = {ELECTORAL VIOLENCE AND NIGERIA ECONOMIC PROSPECTS: A GLIMPSE OF 2015 ELECTIONS}, author = {Paul Ojeaga and Deborah Odejimi}, url = {https://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publications/profile12.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-05}, journal = {University Library of Munich, Germany MPRA Paper}, volume = {71045}, abstract = {Modern societies can be differentiated from pre-modern societies by the existence of a social contract amongst the resident of a given geographical area, therefore modern societies often find elections as way of selecting representatives to govern a given territory. Nigeria also remains the largest economy in Africa, attractive to foreign investors and the most populated of all African countries. Ethic divide also weaken the country making it difficult to govern. The study investigates the effect of the 2015 general elections on the Nigerian Economy, by analyzing its impact in a pre, during and post-election scenario. The questions asked in the study included if the Nigerian economic condition depreciated prior to, during and after the 2015 general elections? To what extent has youth despair particularly towards their future employability reduced since after the 2015 general elections, and finally if the seemingly stable political climate improved investors perception and increased the ease of doing trade in Nigeria? Nigeria like any other developing country is plagued with political instability, poor leadership succession process, weak electoral process and endemic poverty. The study finds that in the periods before, during and after elections Nigeria economic outlook where gleam.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modern societies can be differentiated from pre-modern societies by the existence of a social contract amongst the resident of a given geographical area, therefore modern societies often find elections as way of selecting representatives to govern a given territory. Nigeria also remains the largest economy in Africa, attractive to foreign investors and the most populated of all African countries. Ethic divide also weaken the country making it difficult to govern. The study investigates the effect of the 2015 general elections on the Nigerian Economy, by analyzing its impact in a pre, during and post-election scenario. The questions asked in the study included if the Nigerian economic condition depreciated prior to, during and after the 2015 general elections? To what extent has youth despair particularly towards their future employability reduced since after the 2015 general elections, and finally if the seemingly stable political climate improved investors perception and increased the ease of doing trade in Nigeria? Nigeria like any other developing country is plagued with political instability, poor leadership succession process, weak electoral process and endemic poverty. The study finds that in the periods before, during and after elections Nigeria economic outlook where gleam. |
Chinedu C. Odoemelam, Victor Ebeze & Daniel Okwudiogor U VISUAL NEWS PATTERNS AND THE BOKO HARAM INSURGENCE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS Journal Article New Media and Mass Communication Journal, Volume 44 2015 , pp. 31 - 39, 2015, ISSN: 2224-3267. @article{Chris2015b, title = {VISUAL NEWS PATTERNS AND THE BOKO HARAM INSURGENCE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS}, author = {Chinedu C. Odoemelam, Victor U. Ebeze & Daniel Okwudiogor}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/27760-30692-1-PB.pdf}, issn = { 2224-3267}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-01}, journal = {New Media and Mass Communication Journal}, volume = {Volume 44 2015}, pages = {31 - 39}, abstract = {Visuals, also known as news photographs, are communication channels which constitute critical components in news dissemination in the print genre. Visuals are used in communicating issues of serious implications like the Boko Haram insurgence in Nigeria. However, while studies have examined textual news coverage of the Boko Haram, studies analyzing visual coverage are lacking. The present study examines visuals in the coverage of the Boko Haram insurgence. The content analysis research method was used to analyse news photographs of four national newspapers. Categories were based on related visual analysis literature. The visual contents of the newspapers were analysed using quantitative approach. Data and findings were discussed in relation to their implications for political communication in a multi-ethnic society like Nigeria. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Visuals, also known as news photographs, are communication channels which constitute critical components in news dissemination in the print genre. Visuals are used in communicating issues of serious implications like the Boko Haram insurgence in Nigeria. However, while studies have examined textual news coverage of the Boko Haram, studies analyzing visual coverage are lacking. The present study examines visuals in the coverage of the Boko Haram insurgence. The content analysis research method was used to analyse news photographs of four national newspapers. Categories were based on related visual analysis literature. The visual contents of the newspapers were analysed using quantitative approach. Data and findings were discussed in relation to their implications for political communication in a multi-ethnic society like Nigeria. |
Lawrence I Ezemonye Isioma Tongo, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide Alex Enuneku Pesticide contaminants in Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zilli from three rivers in Edo State, Nigeria; implications for human exposure Journal Article pp. 10, 2015. @article{Ezemonye2015, title = {Pesticide contaminants in Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zilli from three rivers in Edo State, Nigeria; implications for human exposure}, author = {Lawrence I Ezemonye, Isioma Tongo, Ozekeke Silver Ogbeide, Alex Enuneku}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275336866_Pesticide_contaminants_in_Clarias_gariepinus_and_Tilapia_zilli_from_three_rivers_in_Edo_State_Nigeria_implications_for_human_exposure}, doi = {10.1186/s40550-015-0009-z}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-04-08}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The concentrations of 16 pesticides residues (alpha BHC, gamma BHC (lindane), beta BHC, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, Endrin, Endosulfan II, 4, 4 DDT, Endosulfan Aldehyde, Endosulfan sulfate, Atrazine, Phosphomethylglycine and Carbofuran) in two fish species (Tilapia zilli and Clarias gariepinus) from selected rivers (Illushi, Owan and Ogbesse) in Edo State, Nigeria was investigated and the associated human health risks from the consumption of contaminated fishes was also determined. Fish species were collected for a period of 18 months, and pesticides analyses was carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The distribution of pesticide residues was more in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus (5.53-9.98 μg/g wet weight) than Tilapia zilli (3.49-4.98 μg/g wet weight), while the most dominant pesticide in all the stations and all fish species was the persistent organochlorine; ∑BHC. Furthermore, the estimated dose for alpha BHC, beta BHC, Endosulfan Aldehyde, DDT, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, gamma BHC, Heptachlor, Endosulfan sulfate, Atrazine, Phosphomethylglycine and Carbofuran, do not pose direct hazard to human health since values were lower than the reference dose and Hazard quotient (HQ) were lower than toxic threshold of 1. However, estimated dose for, Heptachlor epoxide, Dieldrin, Endrin and Aldrin exceeded the reference dose and were higher than toxic threshold indicating a potential toxicity in humans.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The concentrations of 16 pesticides residues (alpha BHC, gamma BHC (lindane), beta BHC, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, Endrin, Endosulfan II, 4, 4 DDT, Endosulfan Aldehyde, Endosulfan sulfate, Atrazine, Phosphomethylglycine and Carbofuran) in two fish species (Tilapia zilli and Clarias gariepinus) from selected rivers (Illushi, Owan and Ogbesse) in Edo State, Nigeria was investigated and the associated human health risks from the consumption of contaminated fishes was also determined. Fish species were collected for a period of 18 months, and pesticides analyses was carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The distribution of pesticide residues was more in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus (5.53-9.98 μg/g wet weight) than Tilapia zilli (3.49-4.98 μg/g wet weight), while the most dominant pesticide in all the stations and all fish species was the persistent organochlorine; ∑BHC. Furthermore, the estimated dose for alpha BHC, beta BHC, Endosulfan Aldehyde, DDT, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, gamma BHC, Heptachlor, Endosulfan sulfate, Atrazine, Phosphomethylglycine and Carbofuran, do not pose direct hazard to human health since values were lower than the reference dose and Hazard quotient (HQ) were lower than toxic threshold of 1. However, estimated dose for, Heptachlor epoxide, Dieldrin, Endrin and Aldrin exceeded the reference dose and were higher than toxic threshold indicating a potential toxicity in humans. |
Akinpelu, Lateef Abiola TOXIC AND BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF HARUNGANA MADAGASCARIENSIS STEM BARK EXTRACT IN MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM YOELII NIGERIENSIS Journal Article 2015. @article{Akinpelu2015b, title = {TOXIC AND BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF HARUNGANA MADAGASCARIENSIS STEM BARK EXTRACT IN MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM YOELII NIGERIENSIS}, author = { Lateef Abiola Akinpelu}, url = {https://ir.oauife.edu.ng//handle/123456789/2277}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-04-08}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the LD50 of Harungana madagascariensis ethanolic stem bark extract using subcutaneous route in mice, to assess the sub-acute toxicity of the extract using biochemical parameters and to evaluate the effects of this extract on novelty-induced behaviours in infected mice as well as the assessment of the analgesic activity of the extract with a view of providing data for better understanding of the plant therapeutic index and effects on central nervous system. The acute (LD50) and sub acute toxicity studies of the extract were determined using subcutaneous route in mice. In the sub-acute toxicity of the extract assessed, the following antioxidants indices (Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Catalase (CAT), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Nitric Oxide (NO), and Lipid Peroxidation (MDA)) were done using standard spectrophotometric methods to determine the level of toxicity. The novelty-induced behaviours were carried out in malaria infection using suppressive, curative and prophylaxis mode of malaria treatment. The analgesic effect of the extract was also investigated using three modes of nociceptive induced stimuli through acetic acid (chemical) induced-, hot-plate and tail flick (thermal) induced- nociception. Morphine, naloxone and acetylsalicylic acid were used as standard drugs to determine the mechanism of action. The result showed that the acute LD50 was 140 mg/kg which was an indication that the extract may be toxic. The extract reduced MDA and elevated the content of SOD, CAT, GSH and NO. Thus, overproduction of NO may therefore be the probable mechanism through which the extract exerts the indicated toxicity. The result of behavioural studies showed that the extract reduced novelty induced (rearing and grooming) behaviours, exploratory (head-dip) and locomotion (open field) tests in both curative and suppressive tests. These observable novelty-induced behaviours in curative test were not significant (p> 0.05), but were significant (p< 0.05) in suppressive test. However in prophylactic mode of therapy, there effects on the various behavioural patterns increased significantly (p< 0.05). The findings also revealed potent analgesic activity of the extract in the three modes of nociceptive stimuli used. The complimentary analgesic effect of H. madagascariensis couple with the reversed effect of behaviours in prophylactic model could therefore be the mode of treatment employed in traditional medicine which could also explained its therapeutic efficacies in malaria, pain and anemia. This study concluded that H. madagascariensis has a good prophylactic activity against malaria infection, it also possessed good analgesic and antioxidant properties but it should be used with caution due to the observed toxicity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to determine the LD50 of Harungana madagascariensis ethanolic stem bark extract using subcutaneous route in mice, to assess the sub-acute toxicity of the extract using biochemical parameters and to evaluate the effects of this extract on novelty-induced behaviours in infected mice as well as the assessment of the analgesic activity of the extract with a view of providing data for better understanding of the plant therapeutic index and effects on central nervous system. The acute (LD50) and sub acute toxicity studies of the extract were determined using subcutaneous route in mice. In the sub-acute toxicity of the extract assessed, the following antioxidants indices (Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Catalase (CAT), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Nitric Oxide (NO), and Lipid Peroxidation (MDA)) were done using standard spectrophotometric methods to determine the level of toxicity. The novelty-induced behaviours were carried out in malaria infection using suppressive, curative and prophylaxis mode of malaria treatment. The analgesic effect of the extract was also investigated using three modes of nociceptive induced stimuli through acetic acid (chemical) induced-, hot-plate and tail flick (thermal) induced- nociception. Morphine, naloxone and acetylsalicylic acid were used as standard drugs to determine the mechanism of action. The result showed that the acute LD50 was 140 mg/kg which was an indication that the extract may be toxic. The extract reduced MDA and elevated the content of SOD, CAT, GSH and NO. Thus, overproduction of NO may therefore be the probable mechanism through which the extract exerts the indicated toxicity. The result of behavioural studies showed that the extract reduced novelty induced (rearing and grooming) behaviours, exploratory (head-dip) and locomotion (open field) tests in both curative and suppressive tests. These observable novelty-induced behaviours in curative test were not significant (p> 0.05), but were significant (p< 0.05) in suppressive test. However in prophylactic mode of therapy, there effects on the various behavioural patterns increased significantly (p< 0.05). The findings also revealed potent analgesic activity of the extract in the three modes of nociceptive stimuli used. The complimentary analgesic effect of H. madagascariensis couple with the reversed effect of behaviours in prophylactic model could therefore be the mode of treatment employed in traditional medicine which could also explained its therapeutic efficacies in malaria, pain and anemia. This study concluded that H. madagascariensis has a good prophylactic activity against malaria infection, it also possessed good analgesic and antioxidant properties but it should be used with caution due to the observed toxicity. |
Odejimi, Deborah Omotsefe; Odejimi, Melody Omotsefe THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON THE NIGERIAN LABOUR MARKET Journal Article International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, pp. 11, 2015, ISSN: 2348 0386. @article{Odejimi2015, title = {THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON THE NIGERIAN LABOUR MARKET}, author = {Deborah Omotsefe Odejimi and Melody Omotsefe Odejimi }, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Deborah-Omotsefe-Odejimi-and-Melody-Omotsefe-Odejimi-THE-IMPACT-OF-TRADE-LIBERALISATION-ON-THE-NIGERIAN-LABOUR-MARKET-1.pdf}, issn = {2348 0386}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-04-01}, journal = {International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Abstract This study focused on the impact of trade liberalisation on the Nigerian labour market. The major objective was to find out if trade openness has had positive or negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Secondary data sourced from Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics was employed. The econometric model was analysed using Microfit 4.1 for Windows. The results showed that trade liberalisation has had negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Nigeria became a dumping ground for cheap products from industrialised countries like China which adversely affected domestic manufacturing companies with many of them closing down. To avert this situation, strategies have been advanced for the production of local goods that are labour intensive both for domestic consumption/export and import capital goods like machineries to promote local production. Furthermore, the study recommends that different degree of liberalisation for various sectors be applied so as to discourage dumping, encourage local production and hence increase rate of employment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract This study focused on the impact of trade liberalisation on the Nigerian labour market. The major objective was to find out if trade openness has had positive or negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Secondary data sourced from Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics was employed. The econometric model was analysed using Microfit 4.1 for Windows. The results showed that trade liberalisation has had negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Nigeria became a dumping ground for cheap products from industrialised countries like China which adversely affected domestic manufacturing companies with many of them closing down. To avert this situation, strategies have been advanced for the production of local goods that are labour intensive both for domestic consumption/export and import capital goods like machineries to promote local production. Furthermore, the study recommends that different degree of liberalisation for various sectors be applied so as to discourage dumping, encourage local production and hence increase rate of employment. |
Osayemwenre Erharuyi Ighodaro Igbe, Abiodun Falodun Rosemary Enadeghe Osamede Igbinedion Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of methyl nicotinate Journal Article 12 (1), pp. 7, 2015. @article{Erharuyi2015, title = {Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of methyl nicotinate}, author = {Osayemwenre Erharuyi,Ighodaro Igbe,Abiodun Falodun,Rosemary Enadeghe,Osamede Igbinedion}, url = {http://www.iuokada.edu.ng/publication/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Osayemwenre-ErharuyiIghodaro-IgbeAbiodun-Falodun.-Synthesis-and-antinociceptive-activity-of-methyl-nicotinate-1.pdf}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-03-31}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Methyl nicotinate (methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate) is a methyl ester of nicotinic acid – a type of B vitamin called niacin. It was prepared by esterification of nicotinic acid by refluxing with methanol in the p |